Citrulline is an effective arginine precursor in enterally fed neonatal piglets

Journal of Nutrition

Volumn 136, Issue 7, 2006, Pages 1806-1813

  Urschel, Kristine L ^a   Shoveller, Anna K ^a,d   Uwiera, Richard R E ^a   Pencharz, Paul B ^a,b,c   Ball, Ronald O ^a,b,c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ALBERTA   (Canada)

^b HOSPITAL FOR SICK CHILDREN RESEARCH INSTITUTE   (Canada)

^c UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO   (Canada)

^d UNIVERSITY OF GUELPH   (Canada)

Author keywords

Arginine biosynthesis; Citrulline; First pass splanchnic metabolism

Indexed keywords

AMINO ACID; AMMONIA; ARGININE; CITRULLINE; ORNITHINE; PROLINE; UREA;

AMINO ACID BLOOD LEVEL; AMINO ACID COMPOSITION; AMINO ACID SYNTHESIS; AMMONIA BLOOD LEVEL; ANIMAL EXPERIMENT; ARTICLE; BLOOD SAMPLING; CONTROLLED STUDY; DIET; DIETARY INTAKE; ENTERIC FEEDING; NONHUMAN; SPLANCHNIC BLOOD FLOW; SWINE; UREA NITROGEN BLOOD LEVEL;

EID: 33745670399     PISSN: 00223166     EISSN: 15416100     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/jn/136.7.1806     Document Type: Article

References (37)

1. Wu G, Morris SM Jr. Arginine metabolism: nitric oxide and beyond. Biochem J. 1998;336:1-17.
2. Kim SW, McPherson RL, Wu G. Dietary arginine supplementation enhances the growth of milk-fed young pigs. J Nutr. 2004;134:625-30.
3. Becker RM, Wu G, Galanko JA, Chen W, Maynor AR, Bose CL, Rhoads JM. Reduced serum amino acid concentrations in infants with necrotizing enterocolitis. J Pediatr. 2000;137:785-93.
4. Castillo L, Rojas-Walker T, Yu YM, Sanchez M, Chapman TE, Shannon D, Tannenbaum S, Burke JF, Young VR. Whole body arginine metabolism and nitric oxide synthesis in newborns with persistent pulmonary hypertension. Pediatr Res. 1995;38:17-24.
5. Wu G, Meininger CJ, Knabe DA, Bazer FW, Rhoads JM. Arginine nutrition in development, health and disease. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2000;3:59-66.
6. Flynn NE, Wu G. An important role for endogenous synthesis of arginine in maintaining arginine homeostasis in neonatal pigs. Am J Physiol. 1996;271:R1149-55.
7. Davis TA, Nguyen HV, Garcia-Bravo R, Fiorotto ML, Jackson EM, Lewis DS, Lee DR, Reeds PJ. Amino acid composition of human milk is not unique. J Nutr. 1994;124:1126-32.
8. Wu G, Knabe DA. Free and protein-bound amino acids in sow's colostrum and milk. J Nutr. 1994;124:415-24.
9. Brunton JA, Bertolo RF, Pencharz PB, Ball RO. Proline ameliorates arginine deficiency during enteral but not parenteral feeding in neonatal piglets. Am J Physiol. 1999;277:E223-31.
10. Murphy JM, Murch SJ, Ball RO. Proline is synthesized from glutamate during intragastric infusion but not during intravenous infusion in neonatal piglets. J Nutr. 1996;126:878-86.
11. Wilkinson DL, Bertolo RF, Brunton JA, Shoveller AK, Pencharz PB, Ball RO. Arginine synthesis is regulated by dietary arginine intake in the enterally fed neonatal piglet. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2004;287:E454-62.
12. Urschel KL, Shoveller AK, Pencharz PB, Ball RO. Arginine synthesis does not occur during first-pass hepatic metabolism in the neonatal piglet. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2005;288:E1244-51.
13. Czarnecki GL, Baker DH. Urea cycle function in the dog with emphasis on the role of arginine. J Nutr. 1984;114:581-90.
14. Hartman WJ, Torre PM, Prior RL. Dietary citrulline but not ornithine counteracts dietary arginine deficiency in rats by increasing splanchnic release of citrulline. J Nutr. 1994;124:1950-60.
15. Morris JG, Rogers QR, Winterrowd DL, Kamikawa EM. The utilization of ornithine and citrulline by the growing kitten. J Nutr. 1979;109:724-9.
16. Edmonds MS, Lowry KR, Baker DH. Urea cycle metabolism: effects of supplemental ornithine or citrulline on performance, tissue amino acid concentrations and enzymatic activity in young pigs fed arginine-deficient diets. J Anim Sci. 1987;65:706-16.
17. Beaumier L, Castillo L, Yu YM, Ajami AM, Young VR. Arginine: new and exciting developments for an "old" amino acid. Biomed Environ Sci. 1996;9:296-315.
18. Morris JG. Nutritional and metabolic responses to arginine deficiency in carnivores. J Nutr. 1985;115:524-31.
19. Castillo L, Chapman TE, Yu YM, Ajami A, Burke JF, Young VR. Dietary arginine uptake by the splanchnic region in adult humans. Am J Physiol. 1993;265:E532-9.
20. Wu G, Jaeger LA, Bazer FW, Rhoads JM. Arginine deficiency in preterm infants: biochemical mechanisms and nutritional implications. J Nutr Biochem. 2004;15:442-51.
21. Wykes LJ, Ball RO, Pencharz PB. Development and validation of a total parenteral nutrition model in the neonatal piglet. J Nutr. 1993;123:1248-59.
22. National Research Council. Nutrient requirements of swine. 10th edition. Washington, DC: National Academy Press; 1998.
23. Bertolo RF, Brunton JA, Pencharz PB, Ball RO. Arginine, ornithine, and proline interconversion is dependent on small intestinal metabolism in neonatal pigs. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2003;284:E915-22.
24. Bidlingmeyer BA, Cohen SA, Tarvin TL. Rapid analysis of amino acids using pre-column derivatization. J Chromatogr. 1984;336:93-104.
25. Murch SJ, Wilson RL, Murphy J. M., Ball RO. Proline is synthesized from intravenously infused arginine by piglets consuming low proline diets. Can J Anim Sci. 1996;76:435-41.
26. Waterlow JC, Garlick PJ, Millward DJ. Protein turnover in mammalian tissues and in the whole body. Amsterdam: Elsevier/North-Holland Biomedical Press; 1978.
27. Wu G, Knabe DA, Kim SW. Arginine nutrition in neonatal pigs. J Nutr. 2004;134:2783S-90.
28. Meijer AJ, Lamers WH, Chamuleau RA. Nitrogen metabolism and ornithine cycle function. Physiol Rev. 1990;70:701-48.
29. Wykes LJ, House JD, Ball RO, Pencharz PB. Amino acid profile and aromatic amino acid concentration in total parenteral nutrition: effect on growth, protein metabolism and aromatic amino acid metabolism in the neonatal piglet. Clin Sci (Lond). 1994;87:75-84.
30. Shaheen N, Kobayashi K, Terazono H, Fukushige T, Horiuchi M, Saheki T. Characterization of human wild-type and mutant argininosuccinate synthetase proteins expressed in bacterial cells. Enzyme Protein. 1994;48:251-64.
31. Valle D, Simell O. The hyperornithinemias. In: Scriver CR, Beaudet AL, Sly WS, Valle D, editors. The metabolic and molecular bases of inherited disease. Toronto: McGraw-Hill; 2001. p. 1857-95.
32. Wu G, Knabe DA. Arginine synthesis in enterocytes of neonatal pigs. Am J Physiol. 1995;269:R621-9.
33. Wu G, Knabe DA, Flynn NE, Yan W, Flynn SP. Arginine degradation in developing porcine enterocytes. Am J Physiol. 1996;271:G913-9.
34. Begum L, Jalil MA, Kobayashi K, Iijima M, Li MX, Yasuda T, Horiuchi M. del AA, Satrustegui J, Saheki T. Expression of three mitochondrial solute carriers, citrin, aralar1 and ornithine transporter, in relation to urea cycle in mice. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2002;1574:283-92.
35. Dillon EL, Knabe DA, Wu G. Lactate inhibits citrulline and arginine synthesis from proline in pig enterocytes. Am J Physiol. 1999;276:G1079-86.
36. Wu G. Synthesis of citrulline and arginine from proline in enterocytes of postnatal pigs. Am J Physiol. 1997;272:G1382-90.
37. Amin HJ, Zamora SA, McMillan DD, Fick GH, Butzner JD, Parsons HG, Scott RB. Arginine supplementation prevents necrotizing enterocolitis in the premature infant. J Pediatr. 2002;140:425-31.