Age and gender difference in ST height at rest and after double autonomic blockade in normal adults

Annals of Noninvasive Electrocardiology

Volumn 11, Issue 3, 2006, Pages 253-258

  Endres, Susanne ^a   Mayuga, Kenneth A ^a   De Cristofaro, Alessandro ^a   Taneja, Taresh ^a   Goldberger, Jeffrey J ^a   Kadish, Alan H ^a,b  

^a NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b Feinberg Pavilion   (United States)

Author keywords

Age; Autonomic tone; Early repolarization; Gender

Indexed keywords

ATROPINE; PROPRANOLOL;

ADULT; AGE; AGED; ARTICLE; AUTONOMIC NERVE; ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHY; FEMALE; GENDER; HEART REPOLARIZATION; HUMAN; HUMAN EXPERIMENT; MALE; NERVE BLOCK; NORMAL HUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; QRS COMPLEX; REST; SEX DIFFERENCE; ST SEGMENT ELEVATION;

ADULT; AGE FACTORS; AGED; ATROPINE; AUTONOMIC AGENTS; ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHY; FEMALE; HEART; HUMANS; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; PROPRANOLOL; REFERENCE VALUES; SEX FACTORS;

EID: 33745602491     PISSN: 1082720X     EISSN: 1542474X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1542-474X.2006.00112.x     Document Type: Article

References (27)

1. Mehta M, Jain A. Early repolarization on scalar electrocardiogram. Am J Med Sci 1995;309:305-311.
2. Mehta M, Jain A, Mehta A. Early repolarization. Clin Cardiol 1999;22:59-65.
3. Green L, Lux R, Haws C, et al. Effects of age, sex, and body habitus on QRS and ST-T potential maps of 1100 normal subjects. Circulation 1985;71(2):244-253.
4. Bidoggia H, Maciel J, Capalozza N, et al. Sex differences on the electrocardiographic pattern of cardiac repolarization: Possible role of testosterone. Am Heart J 2000;140(4):678-683.
5. Bidoggia H, Maciel J, Capalozza N, et al. Sex-dependent elec-trocardiographic pattern of cardiac repolarization. Am Heart J 2000;140(3):430-436.
6. Yang H, Elko P, Fromm B, et al. Maximal ascending and descending slopes of the T wave in men and women. J Electrocardiol 1997;30(4):267-276.
7. Surawicz B. Brugada syndrome: Manifest, concealed, "asymptomatic, " suspected and simulated. J Am Coll Cardiol 2001;38(3):775-777.
8. McGill HC Jr, Anselmo VC, Buchanan JM, et al. The heart is a target organ for androgen. Science 1980;207(4432):775-777.
9. Stumpf WE, Sar M, Aumuller G. The heart: A target organ for estradiol. Science 1977;196(4287):319-321.
10. Krieg M, Smith K, Bartsch W. Demonstration of a specific androgen receptor in rat heart muscle: Relationship between binding, metabolism, and tissue levels of androgens. Endocrinology 1978;103(5):1686-1694.
11. Endres S, Mayuga K, Cristofaro A, et al. Menstrual cycle and ST height. Ann Noninvasive Electrocardiol 2004;9(2):121-126.
12. Demir A, Soylu M, Balbay Y, et al. Assessment of autonomic function in subjects with early repolarization. Am J Cardiol 2002;89(8):990-992.
13. Lehmann M, Yang H. Sexual dimorphism in the electrocardiographic dynamics of human ventricular repolarization. Characterization in true time domain. Circulation 2001;104:32-38.
14. Jose A, Taylor R. Autonomic blockade by propranolol and atropine to study intrinsic myocardial function in man. J Clin Invest 1969;48:2019-2031.
15. Surawicz B, Orr C, Hermiller J, et al. QRS changes during percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty and their possible mechanisms. J Am Coll Cardiol 1997;30(2):452-458.
16. Yan G, Antzelevitch C. Cellular basis for the electrocardiographic J wave. Circulation 1996;93(2):372-379.
17. Gussak I, Antzelevitch C. Early repolarization syndrome: clinical characteristics and possible cellular and ionic mechanisms. J Electrocardiol 2000;33(4):299-309.
18. Lui D, Antzelevitch C. Characteristics of the delayed rectifier current (IKr and IKs) in canine ventricular epicardial, midmyocardial, and endocardial myocytes. A weaker IKs contributes to the longer action potential of the M cell. Circ research 1995;76(3):351-365.
19. Di Diego J, Cordeiro J, Goodrow R, et al. Ionic and cellular basis for the predominance of the Brugada syndrome phenotype in males. Circulation 2002;106(15):2004-2011.
20. Antzelevitch C. The Brugada syndrome: Ionic basis and arrhythmia mechanisms. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 2001;12(2):268-272.
21. Surawicz B, Parikh SR. Prevalence of male and female patterns of early ventricular repolarization in the normal ECG of males and females from childhood to old age. J Am Coll Cardiology 2002;40(10):1870-1876.
22. Gambill CL, Wilkins ML, Haisty WK Jr, et al T wave amplitudes in normal populations. Variation with ECG lead, sex, and age. J Electrocardiol 1995;28(3):191-197.
23. Matsuo K, Akahoshi M, Seto S, et al. Disappearance of the Brugada-type electrocardiogram after surgical castration: A role for testosterone and an explanation for the male preponderance. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 2003;26(7):1551-1553.
24. Marsh J, Lehmann M, Ritchie R, et al. Androgen receptors mediate hypertrophy in cardiac myocytes. Circulation 1998;98(3):256-261.
25. Haydar Z, Brantley D, Gittings N, et al. Early repolarization: An electrocardiographic predictor of enhanced aerobic fitness. Am J Cardiol 2000;85:264-266.
26. Lehmann K, Shandling A, Yusi A, et al. Altered ventricular repolarization in central sympathetic dysfunction associated with spinal cord injury. Am J Cardiol 1989;63:1498-1504.
27. Viswanathan PC, Shaw RM, Rudy Y. Effects of IKr and IKs heterogeneity on action potential duration and its rate dependence: A simulation study. Circulation 1999;99(18):2466-2474.