Age-related macular degeneration: A practical approach to a challenging disease

Journal of the American Geriatrics Society

Volumn 54, Issue 7, 2006, Pages 1130-1135

  Bourla, Dan H ^a   Young, Tara A ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

Age related macular degeneration; Choroidal neovascularization; Risk factors; Stages; Treatment

Indexed keywords

BLINDNESS; CLINICAL FEATURE; DISEASE COURSE; HUMAN; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PATIENT EDUCATION; RETINA MACULA AGE RELATED DEGENERATION; REVIEW; RISK FACTOR; SMOKING CESSATION;

ANIMALS; CHOROIDAL NEOVASCULARIZATION; FEMALE; GLUCOCORTICOIDS; HUMANS; LIGHT COAGULATION; MACULAR DEGENERATION; MALE; PHOTOCHEMOTHERAPY; QUALITY OF LIFE; VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH FACTOR A;

EID: 33745588835     PISSN: 00028614     EISSN: 15325415     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2006.00771.x     Document Type: Review

References (59)

1. Klein R, Klein BE, Linton KL. Prevalence of age-related maculopathy. The Beaver Dam Eye Study. Ophthalmology 1992;99:933-943.
2. Friedman DS, O'Colmain BJ, Munoz B et al. Prevalence of age-related macular degeneration in the United States. Arch Ophthalmol 2004;122:564-572.
3. Bressler NM, Bressler SB, Congdon NG et al. Potential public health impact of Age-Related Eye Disease Study results: AREDS Report no. 11. Arch Ophthalmol 2003;121:1621-1624.
4. Seddon JM, Chen CA. The epidemiology of age-related macular degeneration. Int Ophthalmol Clin 2004;44:17-39.
5. Age-Related Eye Disease Study Research Group. A randomized, placebo-controlled, clinical trial of high-dose supplementation with vitamins C and E, beta carotene, and zinc for age-related macular degeneration and vision loss: AREDS Report no. 8. Arch Ophthalmol 2001;119:1417-1436.
6. Davis MD, Gangnon RE, Lee LY et al. Age-Related Eye Disease Study Group. The Age-Related Eye Disease Study severity scale for age-related macular degeneration. AREDS Report no. 17. Arch Ophthalmol 2005;123:1484-1498.
7. Mitchell P, Foran S. Age-Related Eye Disease Study severity scale and simplified severity scale for age-related macular degeneration. Arch Ophthalmol 2005;123:1598-1599.
8. Ferris FL, Davis MD, Clemons TE et al. A simplified severity scale for age-related macular degeneration: AREDS Report no. 18. Arch Ophthalmol 2005;123:1570-1574.
9. Ghafour IM, Allan D, Foulds WS. Common causes of blindness and visual handicap in the west of Scotland. Br J Ophthalmol 1983;67:209-213.
10. Smith W, Assinik J, Klein R et al. Risk factors for age-related macular degeneration. Pooled findings from three continents. ophthalmology 2001;108:653-658.
11. Hammond CJ, Webster AR, Snieder H. Genetic influence on early age-related maculopathy: A twin study. Ophthalmology 2002;109:730-736.
12. van Leeuwen R, Ikram MK, Vingerling JR et al. Blood pressure, atherosclerosis, and the incidence of age-related maculopathy. The Rotterdam Study. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2003;44:3771-3777.
13. Seddon JM, George S, Rosner B et al. Progression of age-related macular degeneration: Prospective assessment of C-reactive protein, interleukin 6, and other cardiovascular biomarkers. Arch Ophthalmol 2005;123:774-782.
14. Seddon JM, Willett WC, Speizer FE et al. A prospective study of cigarette smoking and age-related macular degeneration in women. JAMA 1996;276:1141-1146.
15. Peck-Lin L, Blann AD, Hop-Ross M. Age-related macular degeneration is associated with increased vascular endothelial growth factor, hemorrheology and endothelial dysfunction. Ophthalmology 2001;108:705-710.
16. Vingerling JR, Dielemans I, Bots ML et al. Age-related macular degeneration is associated with atherosclerosis. The Rotterdam Study. Am J Epidemiol 1995;142:404-409.
17. Gorin MB, Breitner JC, De Jong PT et al. The genetics of age-related macular degeneration. Mol Vis 1999;5:29.
18. Seddon JM, Cote J, Page WF et al. The US twin study of age-related macular degeneration: Relative roles of genetic and environmental influences. Arch Ophthalmol 2005;123:321-327.
19. Grizzard SW, Arnett D, Haag SL. Twin study of age-related macular degeneration. Ophthalmic Epidemiol 2003;10:315-322.
20. Rudolf M, Ivandic B, Winkler J et al. [Accumulation of lipid particles in Bruch's membrane of LDL receptor knockout mice as a model of age-related macular degeneration.] Ophthalmologe 2004;101:715-719. German.
21. Ambati J, Anand A, Fernandez S et al. An animal model of age-related macular degeneration in senescent Ccl-2- or Ccr-2-deficient mice. Nat Med 2003;9:1390-1397.
22. Ryan SJ. Subretinal neovascularization. Natural history of an experimental model. Arch Ophthalmol 1982;100:1804-1809.
23. Yi X, Ogata N, Komada M et al. Vascular endothelial growth factor expression in choroidal neovascularization in rats. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 1997;235:313-319.
24. Seo MS, Kwak N, Ozaki H et al. Dramatic inhibition of retinal and choroidal neovascularization by oral administration of a kinase inhibitor. Am J Pathol 1999;154:1743-1753.
25. Kwak N, Okamoto N, Wood JM et al. VEGF is major stimulator in model of choroidal neovascularization. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2000;41:3158-3164.
26. Husain D, Ryan AM, Cuthbertson RA. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression is correlated with choroidal neovascularization in a monkey model. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1997;38:S501.
27. Cui JZ, Kimura H, Spee C et al. Natural history of choroidal neovascularization induced by vascular endothelial growth factor in the primate. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2000;238:326-333.
28. Haines JL, Hauser MA, Schmidt S et al. Complement factor H variant increases the risk of age-related macular degeneration. Science 2005;308:419-421.
29. Edwards AO, Ritter R 3rd, Abel KJ et al. Complement factor H polymorphism and age-related macular degeneration. Science 2005;308:421-424.
30. Klein RJ, Zeiss C, Chew EY et al. Complement factor H polymorphism in age-related macular degeneration. Science 2005;308:385-389.
31. Brody BL, Gamst AC, Williams RA et al. Depression, visual acuity, comorbidity, and disability associated with age-related macular degeneration. Ophthalmology 2001;108:1893-1900.
32. Casten RJ, Rovner BW, Tasman W. Age-related macular degeneration and depression: A review of recent research. Curr Opin Ophthalmol 2004;15:181-183.
33. Dong LM, Childs AL, Mangione CM et al. Health- and vision-related quality of life among patients with choroidal neovascularization secondary to age-related macular degeneration at enrollment in randomized trials of submacular surgery SST Report no. 4. AmJ Ophthalmol 2004;138:91-108.
34. McGwin G Jr, Chapman V, Owsley C. Visual risk factors for driving difficulty among older drivers. Accid Anal Prev 2000;32:735-744.
35. Wood JM. Age and visual impairment decrease driving performance as measured on a losed-road circuit. Hum Factors 2002;44:482-494.
36. Owsley C, McGwin Jr G, Sloane ME et al. Timed instrumental activities of daily living tasks: Relationship to visula function in older adults. Optom Vis Sci 2001;78:350-360.
37. Rubin GS, Roche KB, Prasada-Rao P et al. Visual impairment and disability in older adults. Optom Vis Sci 1994;71:750-760.
38. Hassan SE, Lovie-Kitchin JE, Woods RL. Vision and mobility performance of subjects with age-related macular degeneration. Optom Vis Sci 2002;79:697-707.
39. Kuyk T, Elliott JL. Visual factors and mobility in persons with age-related macular degeneration. J Rehabil Res Dev 1999;36:303-312.
40. Klein BE, Moss SE, Klein R et al. Associations of visual function with physical outcomes and limitations 5 years later in an older population. The Beaver Dam Eye Study. Ophthalmology 2003;110:644-650.
41. Gelfand YA, Linn S, Miller B. The application of the macular photocoagulation study eligibility criteria for laser treatment in age-related macular degeneration. Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1997;28:823-827.
42. Macular Photocoagulation Study Group. Occult choroidal neovascularization: Influence on visual outcome in patients with age-related macular degeneration. Arch Ophthalmol 1996;114:400-412.
43. Treatment of Age-Related Macular Degeneration with Photodynamic Therapy (TAP) Study Group. Photodynamic therapy of subfoveal choroidal neovascularization in age-related macular degeneration with verteporfin: One-year results of 2 randomized clinical trials - TAP report. Arch Ophthalmol 1999;117:1329-1345.
44. Bressler NM. Photodynamic therapy of subfoveal choroidal neovascularization in age-related macular degeneration with verteporfin. Two-year results of 2 randomized clinical trials-tap report 2. Arch Ophthalmol 2001;119:198-207.
45. Barbazetto I, Burdan A, Bressler NM et al. Photodynamic therapy of subfoveal choroidal neovascularization with verteporfin: Fluorescein angiographic guidelines for evaluation and treatment - TAP and VIP report no. 2. Arch Ophthalmol 2003;121:1253-1268.
46. Robinson CJ, Stringer SE. The splice variants of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and their receptors. J Cell Sci 2001;114:853-865.
47. Gragoudas ES, Adamis AP, Cunningham ET Jr et al. Pegaptanib for neovascular age-related macular degeneration. N Engl J Med 2004;351:2805-2816.
48. Presta LG, Chen H, O'Connor SJ et al. Humanization of an anti-vascular endothelial growth factor monoclonal antibody for the therapy of solid tumors and other disorders. Cancer Res 1997;57:4593-4599.
49. Krzystolik MG, Afshari MA, Adamis AP et al. Prevention of experimental choroidal neovascularization with intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor antibody fragment. Arch Ophthalmol 2002;120:338-346.
50. Mordenti J, Cuthbertson RA, Ferrara N et al. Comparisons of the intraocular tissue distribution, pharmacokinetics, and safety of 125I-labeled full-length and Fab antibodies in rhesus monkeys following intravitreal administration. Toxicol Pathol 1999;27:536-544.
51. Heier JS, Sy JS, McCluskey ER. RhuFab V2 in wet AMD-6 month continued improvement following multiple intravitreal injections. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2003;44: e-abstract 972.
52. Kijlstra A, La Heij E, Hendrikse F. Immunological factors in the pathogenesis and treatment of age-related macular degeneration. Ocul Immunol Inflamm 2005;13:3-11.
53. Spaide RF, Sorenson J, Maranan L. Combined photodynamic therapy with verteporfin and intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide for choroidal neovascularization. Ophthalmology 2003;110:1517-1525.
54. Rechtman E, Danis RP, Pratt LM et al. Intravitreal triamcinolone with photodynamic therapy for subfoveal choroidal neovascularisation in age related macular degeneration. Br J Ophthalmol 2004;88:344-347.
55. Yeung CK, Chan KP, Chan CK et al. Cytotoxicity of triamcinolone on cultured human retinal pigment epithelial cells: Comparison with dexamethasone and hydrocortisone. Jpn J Ophthalmol 2004;48:236-242.
56. Tokuda K, Tsukamoto T, Fujisawa S et al. Evaluation of toxicity due to vital stains in isolated rat retinas. Acta Ophthalmol Scand 2004;82:189-194.
57. Hawkins BS, Bressler NM, Miskala PH et al. Surgery for subfoveal choroidal neovascularization in age-related macular degeneration: Ophthalmic findings. SST Report no. 11. Ophthalmology 2004;111:1967-1980.
58. Olivier S, Chow DR, Packo KH et al. Subretinal recombinant tissue plasminogen activator injection and pneumatic displacement of thick submacular hemorrhage in age-related macular degeneration. Ophthalmology 2004;111:1201-1208.
59. Rovner BW, Casten RJ. Activity loss and depression in age-related macular degeneration. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 2002;10:305-310.