메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 7, Issue 9, 2006, Pages 1121-1131

Drug therapy for atrial fibrillation

Author keywords

Antiarrhythmic drugs; Atrial fibrillation; Rate control; Rhythm control

Indexed keywords

2' (4 METHOXYPHENYLACETAMIDOMETHYL) N [2 (3 PYRIDYL)ETHYL] 2 BIPHENYLCARBOXAMIDE; ACETYLSALICYLIC ACID; AMIODARONE; ANGIOTENSIN 2 RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST; ANTIARRHYTHMIC AGENT; ASCORBIC ACID; ATENOLOL; BETA ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR BLOCKING AGENT; CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKING AGENT; DIGOXIN; DILTIAZEM; DIPEPTIDYL CARBOXYPEPTIDASE INHIBITOR; DISOPYRAMIDE; DOFETILIDE; ENCAINIDE; FISH OIL; FLECAINIDE; HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COENZYME A REDUCTASE INHIBITOR; IBUTILIDE; NEW DRUG; NIP 142; PROCAINAMIDE; PROPAFENONE; QUINIDINE; RSD 1235; SOTALOL; STEROID; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; UNINDEXED DRUG; VERAPAMIL; WARFARIN;

EID: 33745445501     PISSN: 14656566     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1517/14656566.7.9.1121     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (2)

References (59)
  • 3
    • 33749748358 scopus 로고
    • Electrocardiographic findings among the adult population of a total natural community, Tecumseh, Michigan
    • OSTRANDERLD JR, BRANDT RL, KJELSBERG MO, EPSTEIN FH: Electrocardiographic findings among the adult population of a total natural community, Tecumseh, Michigan. Circulation (1965) 31:888-898.
    • (1965) Circulation , vol.31 , pp. 888-898
    • Ostranderld, J.R.1    Brandt, R.L.2    Kjelsberg, M.O.3    Epstein, F.H.4
  • 4
    • 0028921708 scopus 로고
    • Prevalence, age distribution, and gender of patients with atrial fibrillation. Analysis and implications
    • FEINBERG WM, BLACKSHEAR JL, LAUPACIS A, KRONMAL R, HART RG: Prevalence, age distribution, and gender of patients with atrial fibrillation. Analysis and implications. Arch. Intern. Med. (1995) 155(5):469-473.
    • (1995) Arch. Intern. Med. , vol.155 , Issue.5 , pp. 469-473
    • Feinberg, W.M.1    Blackshear, J.L.2    Laupacis, A.3    Kronmal, R.4    Hart, R.G.5
  • 6
    • 0025779484 scopus 로고
    • Atrial fibrillation as an independent risk factor for stroke: The Framingham Study
    • WOLF PA, ABBOTT RD, KANNEL WB: Atrial fibrillation as an independent risk factor for stroke: the Framingham Study. Stroke (1991) 22:983-988.
    • (1991) Stroke , vol.22 , pp. 983-988
    • Wolf, P.A.1    Abbott, R.D.2    Kannel, W.B.3
  • 8
    • 0030855939 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Incidence of and risk factors for atrial fibrillation in older adults
    • PSATY BM, MANOLIO TA, KULLER LH et al.: Incidence of and risk factors for atrial fibrillation in older adults. Circulation (1997) 96:2455-2461.
    • (1997) Circulation , vol.96 , pp. 2455-2461
    • Psaty, B.M.1    Manolio, T.A.2    Kuller, L.H.3
  • 9
    • 0029029056 scopus 로고
    • The natural history of atrial fibrillation: Incidence, risk factors, and prognosis in the Manitoba follow-up study
    • KRAHN AD, MANFREDA J, TATE RB, MATHEWSON FA, CUDDY TE: The natural history of atrial fibrillation: incidence, risk factors, and prognosis in the Manitoba follow-up study. Am. J. Med. (1995) 98(5):476-484.
    • (1995) Am. J. Med. , vol.98 , Issue.5 , pp. 476-484
    • Krahn, A.D.1    Manfreda, J.2    Tate, R.B.3    Mathewson, F.A.4    Cuddy, T.E.5
  • 10
    • 0023625745 scopus 로고
    • The natural history of atrial fibrillation. Atrial fibrillation: A major contributor to stroke in the elderly: The Framingham Study
    • WOLF PA, ABBOTT RD, KANNEL WB: The natural history of atrial fibrillation. Atrial fibrillation: a major contributor to stroke in the elderly: the Framingham Study. Arch. Intern. Med. (1987) 147:1561-1564.
    • (1987) Arch. Intern. Med. , vol.147 , pp. 1561-1564
    • Wolf, P.A.1    Abbott, R.D.2    Kannel, W.B.3
  • 11
    • 0346392955 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Overview of the management of atrial fibrillation: What is the current state of the art?
    • KOWEY PR, YAN GX, DIMINO TL, KOCOVIC DZ: Overview of the management of atrial fibrillation: what is the current state of the art? J. Cardiovasc. Electrophysiol. (2003) 14(12 Suppl.):S275-S280.
    • (2003) J. Cardiovasc. Electrophysiol. , vol.14 , Issue.12 SUPPL.
    • Kowey, P.R.1    Yan, G.X.2    Dimino, T.L.3    Kocovic, D.Z.4
  • 12
    • 34250701540 scopus 로고
    • Atrial fibrillation as a self-sustaining arrhythmia independent of focal discharge
    • MOE GK, ABILDSKOV JA: Atrial fibrillation as a self-sustaining arrhythmia independent of focal discharge. Am. Heart J. (1959) 58:59-70.
    • (1959) Am. Heart J. , vol.58 , pp. 59-70
    • Moe, G.K.1    Abildskov, J.A.2
  • 13
    • 0032480265 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spontaneous initiation of atrial fibrillation by ectopic beats originating in the pulmonary veins
    • HAISSAGUERRE M, JAIS P, SHAH DC et al.: Spontaneous initiation of atrial fibrillation by ectopic beats originating in the pulmonary veins. N. Engl. J. Med. (1998) 339:659-666.
    • (1998) N. Engl. J. Med. , vol.339 , pp. 659-666
    • Haissaguerre, M.1    Jais, P.2    Shah, D.C.3
  • 15
    • 0037050001 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New ideas about atrial fibrillation 50 years on
    • STANLEY NATTEL: New ideas about atrial fibrillation 50 years on. Nature (2002) 415:219-226.
    • (2002) Nature , vol.415 , pp. 219-226
    • Nattel, S.1
  • 16
    • 0030813807 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Electrical remodeling due to atrial fibrillation in chronically instrumented conscious goats: Roles of neurohumoral changes, ischemia, atrial stretch, and high rate of electrical activation
    • WIJFFELS MC, KIRCHHOF CJ, DORLAND R, POWER J, ALLESSIE MA: Electrical remodeling due to atrial fibrillation in chronically instrumented conscious goats: roles of neurohumoral changes, ischemia, atrial stretch, and high rate of electrical activation. Circulation (1997) 96:3710-3720.
    • (1997) Circulation , vol.96 , pp. 3710-3720
    • Wijffels, M.C.1    Kirchhof, C.J.2    Dorland, R.3    Power, J.4    Allessie, M.A.5
  • 17
    • 0033214483 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Atrial fibrillation-induced electrical remodeling in humans: What is the next step?
    • ALLESSIE MA: Atrial fibrillation-induced electrical remodeling in humans: what is the next step? Cardiovasc. Res. (1999) 44:10-12.
    • (1999) Cardiovasc. Res. , vol.44 , pp. 10-12
    • Allessie, M.A.1
  • 18
    • 0027163371 scopus 로고
    • Comparative mechanisms of anti-arrhythmic drug action in experimental atrial fibrillation
    • WANG J, BOURNE GW, WANG Z et al.: Comparative mechanisms of anti-arrhythmic drug action in experimental atrial fibrillation. Circulation (1993) 88:1030-1044.
    • (1993) Circulation , vol.88 , pp. 1030-1044
    • Wang, J.1    Bourne, G.W.2    Wang, Z.3
  • 19
    • 0034636743 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Widening of the excitable gap during pharmacological cardioversion of atrial fibrillation in the goat: Effects of cibenzoline, hydroquinidine, flecainide, and D-sotalol
    • WIJFFELS MC, DORLAND R, MAST F, ALLESSIE MA: Widening of the excitable gap during pharmacological cardioversion of atrial fibrillation in the goat: effects of cibenzoline, hydroquinidine, flecainide, and D-sotalol. Circulation (2000) 102(2):260-267.
    • (2000) Circulation , vol.102 , Issue.2 , pp. 260-267
    • Wijffels, M.C.1    Dorland, R.2    Mast, F.3    Allessie, M.A.4
  • 20
    • 0035940379 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ACC/AHA/ESC guidelines for the management of patients with atrial fibrillation: Executive summary. A report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association task force on practice guidelines and the European Society of Cardiology Committee for practice guidelines and policy conferences (Committee to Develop Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Atrial Fibrillation)
    • FUSTER V, RYDEN LE, ASINGER RW et al.: ACC/AHA/ESC guidelines for the management of patients with atrial fibrillation: executive summary. A report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association task force on practice guidelines and the European Society of Cardiology Committee for practice guidelines and policy conferences (Committee to Develop Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Atrial Fibrillation) developed in collaboration with the North American Society of Pacing and Electrophysiology. Circulation (2001) 104(17):2118-2150.
    • (2001) Circulation , vol.104 , Issue.17 , pp. 2118-2150
    • Fuster, V.1    Ryden, L.E.2    Asinger, R.W.3
  • 21
    • 0032526032 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prospective comparison of flecainide versus sotalol for immediate cardioversion of atrial fibrillation
    • REISINGER J, GATTERER E, HEINZE G et al.: Prospective comparison of flecainide versus sotalol for immediate cardioversion of atrial fibrillation. Am. J. Cardiol. (1998) 81:1450-1454.
    • (1998) Am. J. Cardiol. , vol.81 , pp. 1450-1454
    • Reisinger, J.1    Gatterer, E.2    Heinze, G.3
  • 22
    • 0345890414 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Management of atrial fibrillation: Review of the evidence for the role of pharmacologic therapy, electrical cardioversion, and echocardiography
    • MCNAMARA RL, TAMARIZ LJ, SEGAL JB, BASS EB: Management of atrial fibrillation: review of the evidence for the role of pharmacologic therapy, electrical cardioversion, and echocardiography. Ann. Intern. Med. (2003) 139:1018-1033.
    • (2003) Ann. Intern. Med. , vol.139 , pp. 1018-1033
    • Mcnamara, R.L.1    Tamariz, L.J.2    Segal, J.B.3    Bass, E.B.4
  • 24
    • 0022509633 scopus 로고
    • Flecainide versus quinidine for conversion of atrial fibrillation to sinus rhythm
    • BORGEAT A, GOY JJ, MAENDLY R, KAUFMANN U, GRBIC M, SIGWART U: Flecainide versus quinidine for conversion of atrial fibrillation to sinus rhythm. Am. J. Cardiol. (1986) 58(6):496-498.
    • (1986) Am. J. Cardiol. , vol.58 , Issue.6 , pp. 496-498
    • Borgeat, A.1    Goy, J.J.2    Maendly, R.3    Kaufmann, U.4    Grbic, M.5    Sigwart, U.6
  • 25
    • 0037307438 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oral loading single dose flecainide for farmacological cardioversion of recent-onset atrial fibrillation
    • KHAN IA: Oral loading single dose flecainide for farmacological cardioversion of recent-onset atrial fibrillation. Int. J. Cardiol. (2003) 87:121-128.
    • (2003) Int. J. Cardiol. , vol.87 , pp. 121-128
    • Khan, I.A.1
  • 26
    • 0033611744 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Safety of oral propafenone in the conversion of recent onset atrial fibrillation to sinus rhythm: A prospective parallel placebo-controlled multicentre study
    • CAPUCCI A, VILLANI GQ, ASCHIERI D, PIEPOLI M: Safety of oral propafenone in the conversion of recent onset atrial fibrillation to sinus rhythm: a prospective parallel placebo-controlled multicentre study. Int. J. Cardiol. (1999) 68:187-196.
    • (1999) Int. J. Cardiol. , vol.68 , pp. 187-196
    • Capucci, A.1    Villani, G.Q.2    Aschieri, D.3    Piepoli, M.4
  • 27
    • 0026011647 scopus 로고
    • Mortality and morbidity in patients receiving encainide, flecainide, or placebo, the cardiac arrhythmia suppression trial
    • ECHT DS, LIEBSON PR, MITCHELL LB et al.: Mortality and morbidity in patients receiving encainide, flecainide, or placebo, the cardiac arrhythmia suppression trial. N. Engl. J. Med. (1991) 324(12):781-788.
    • (1991) N. Engl. J. Med. , vol.324 , Issue.12 , pp. 781-788
    • Echt, D.S.1    Liebson, P.R.2    Mitchell, L.B.3
  • 28
    • 0034096364 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Amiodarone as a first-choice drug for restoring sinus rhythm in patients with atrial fibrillation. A randomized, controlled study
    • VARDAS PE, KOCHIADAKIS GE, IGOUMENIDIS NE, TSATSAKS AM, SIMANTIRAKIS EN, CHLOUVERAKIS GI: Amiodarone as a first-choice drug for restoring sinus rhythm in patients with atrial fibrillation. A randomized, controlled study. Chest (2000) 117:1538-1545.
    • (2000) Chest , vol.117 , pp. 1538-1545
    • Vardas, P.E.1    Kochiadakis, G.E.2    Igoumenidis, N.E.3    Tsatsaks, A.M.4    Simantirakis, E.N.5    Chlouverakis, G.I.6
  • 30
    • 33745489793 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Procainamide - Propafenone - Amiodarone: A comparative study on the efficacy and safety of thew anti-arrhythmic agents for the conversion of recent onset atrial fibrillation
    • Abstract
    • KOCHIADAKIS GE, IGOUMENIDIS NE, MARKETOU ME et al.: Procainamide - propafenone - amiodarone: a comparative study on the efficacy and safety of thew anti-arrhythmic agents for the conversion of recent onset atrial fibrillation. Circulation 102(18):II-803. Abstract.
    • Circulation , vol.102 , Issue.18
    • Kochiadakis, G.E.1    Igoumenidis, N.E.2    Marketou, M.E.3
  • 32
    • 0029922983 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intravenous amiodarone in treatment of recent-onset atrial fibrillation: Results of a randomized, controlled study
    • GALVE E, RIUS T, BALLESTER R et al.: Intravenous amiodarone in treatment of recent-onset atrial fibrillation: results of a randomized, controlled study. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. (1996) 27:1079-1082.
    • (1996) J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. , vol.27 , pp. 1079-1082
    • Galve, E.1    Rius, T.2    Ballester, R.3
  • 33
    • 0028908379 scopus 로고
    • Intravenous flecainide versus amiodarone for recent-onset atrial fibrillation
    • DONOVAN KD, POWER BM, HOCKINGS BE et al.: Intravenous flecainide versus amiodarone for recent-onset atrial fibrillation. Am. J. Cardiol. (1995) 75:693-697.
    • (1995) Am. J. Cardiol. , vol.75 , pp. 693-697
    • Donovan, K.D.1    Power, B.M.2    Hockings, B.E.3
  • 35
    • 0033823283 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Low dose amiodarone and sotalol in the treatment of recurrent, symptomatic atrial fibrillation: A comparative, placebo controlled study
    • KOCHIADAKIS GE, IGOUMENIDIS NE, MARKETOU ME KALEBOUBAS MD, SIMANTIRAKIS EN VARDAS PE: Low dose amiodarone and sotalol in the treatment of recurrent, symptomatic atrial fibrillation: a comparative, placebo controlled study. Heart (2000) 84:251-257.
    • (2000) Heart , vol.84 , pp. 251-257
    • Kochiadakis, G.E.1    Igoumenidis, N.E.2    Marketou, M.E.3    Kaleboubas, M.D.4    Simantirakis, E.N.5    Vardas, P.E.6
  • 36
    • 1242329150 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term maintenance of normal sinus rhythm in patients with current symptomatic atrial fibrillation, amiodarone versus propafenone, both in low doses
    • KOCHIADAKIS GE, IGOUMENIDIS NE: HAMILOS MI et al.: Long-term maintenance of normal sinus rhythm in patients with current symptomatic atrial fibrillation, amiodarone versus propafenone, both in low doses. Chest (2004) 125:377-383.
    • (2004) Chest , vol.125 , pp. 377-383
    • Kochiadakis, G.E.1    Igoumenidis, N.E.2    Hamilos, M.I.3
  • 37
    • 0007356262 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Amiodarone to prevent recurrence of atrial fibrillation
    • Canadian Trial of Atrial Fibrillation Investigators
    • ROY D, TALAJIC M, DORIAN P et al.: Amiodarone to prevent recurrence of atrial fibrillation. Canadian Trial of Atrial Fibrillation Investigators. N. Engl. J. Med. (2000) 342(13):913-920.
    • (2000) N. Engl. J. Med. , vol.342 , Issue.13 , pp. 913-920
    • Roy, D.1    Talajic, M.2    Dorian, P.3
  • 38
    • 0037967287 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Maintenance of sinus rhythm in patients with atrial fibrillation: An AFFIRM substudy of the first antiarrhythmic drug
    • The Affirm First Antiarrhythmic Drug Substudy Investigators:
    • THE AFFIRM FIRST ANTIARRHYTHMIC DRUG SUBSTUDY INVESTIGATORS: Maintenance of sinus rhythm in patients with atrial fibrillation: an AFFIRM substudy of the first antiarrhythmic drug. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. (2003) 42(1):20-29.
    • (2003) J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. , vol.42 , Issue.1 , pp. 20-29
  • 39
    • 17944363568 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Amiodarone versus sotalol for atrial fibrillation
    • SINGH BN, SINGH SN, REDA DJ et al.: Amiodarone versus sotalol for atrial fibrillation. N. Engl. J. Med. (2005) 352(18):1861-1872.
    • (2005) N. Engl. J. Med. , vol.352 , Issue.18 , pp. 1861-1872
    • Singh, B.N.1    Singh, S.N.2    Reda, D.J.3
  • 40
    • 30344466069 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is atrial fibrillation an inflammatory disorder?
    • BOOS CJ, ANDERSON RA, LIP GY: Is atrial fibrillation an inflammatory disorder? Eur. Heart J. (2006) 27(2):136-149.
    • (2006) Eur. Heart J. , vol.27 , Issue.2 , pp. 136-149
    • Boos, C.J.1    Anderson, R.A.2    Lip, G.Y.3
  • 41
    • 20344396863 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevention of atrial fibrillation with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers: A meta-analysis
    • HEALEY JS, BARANCHUK A, CRYSTAL E et al.: Prevention of atrial fibrillation with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers: a meta-analysis. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. (2005) 45:1832-1839.
    • (2005) J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. , vol.45 , pp. 1832-1839
    • Healey, J.S.1    Baranchuk, A.2    Crystal, E.3
  • 42
    • 0037028022 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comparison of rate control and rhythm control in patients with atrial fibrillation
    • WYSE DG, WALDO AL, DIMARCO JP et al.: A comparison of rate control and rhythm control in patients with atrial fibrillation. N. Engl. J. Med. (2002) 347(23):1825-1833.
    • (2002) N. Engl. J. Med. , vol.347 , Issue.23 , pp. 1825-1833
    • Wyse, D.G.1    Waldo, A.L.2    Dimarco, J.P.3
  • 43
    • 0018753689 scopus 로고
    • Inefficacy of digitalis in the control of heart rate in patients with chronic atrial fibrillation: Beneficial effect of an added beta adrenergic blocking agent
    • DAVID D, SEGNI ED, KLEIN HO, KAPLINSKY E: Inefficacy of digitalis in the control of heart rate in patients with chronic atrial fibrillation: beneficial effect of an added beta adrenergic blocking agent. Am. J. Cardiol. (1979) 44:1378-1382.
    • (1979) Am. J. Cardiol. , vol.44 , pp. 1378-1382
    • David, D.1    Segni, E.D.2    Klein, H.O.3    Kaplinsky, E.4
  • 44
    • 0025361527 scopus 로고
    • Time of occurrence, duration, and ventricular rate of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation: The effect of digoxin
    • RAWLES JM, METCALFE MJ, JENNINGS K: Time of occurrence, duration, and ventricular rate of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation: the effect of digoxin. Br. Heart J. (1990) 63:225-227.
    • (1990) Br. Heart J. , vol.63 , pp. 225-227
    • Rawles, J.M.1    Metcalfe, M.J.2    Jennings, K.3
  • 45
    • 0025345386 scopus 로고
    • Ventricular rate control and exercise performance in chronic atrial fibrillation: Effects of diltiazem and verapamil
    • LUNDSTROM T, RYDEN L: Ventricular rate control and exercise performance in chronic atrial fibrillation: effects of diltiazem and verapamil. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. (1990) 16(1):86-90.
    • (1990) J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. , vol.16 , Issue.1 , pp. 86-90
    • Lundstrom, T.1    Ryden, L.2
  • 46
    • 1642545669 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacological rate control of atrial fibrillation
    • TAMARIZ, LJ, BASS, EB: Pharmacological rate control of atrial fibrillation. Cardiol. Clin. (2004) 22:35-45.
    • (2004) Cardiol. Clin. , vol.22 , pp. 35-45
    • Tamariz, L.J.1    Bass, E.B.2
  • 47
    • 0033915572 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The evidence regarding the drugs used for ventricular rate control
    • SEGAL JB, MCNAMARA RL, MILLER MR et al.: The evidence regarding the drugs used for ventricular rate control. J. Fam. Pract. (2000) 49(1):47-59.
    • (2000) J. Fam. Pract. , vol.49 , Issue.1 , pp. 47-59
    • Segal, J.B.1    Mcnamara, R.L.2    Miller, M.R.3
  • 48
    • 0033081953 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ventricular rate control in chronic atrial fibrillation during daily activity and programmed exercise: A crossover open-label study of five drug regimens
    • FARSHI R, KISTNER D, SARMA JS, LONGMATE JA, SINGH BN: Ventricular rate control in chronic atrial fibrillation during daily activity and programmed exercise: a crossover open-label study of five drug regimens. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. (1999) 33(2):304-310.
    • (1999) J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. , vol.33 , Issue.2 , pp. 304-310
    • Farshi, R.1    Kistner, D.2    Sarma, J.S.3    Longmate, J.A.4    Singh, B.N.5
  • 49
    • 11144356188 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Atrial Fibrillation Follow-up Investigation of Rhythm Management (AFFIRM) study: Approaches to control rate in atrial fibrillation
    • OLSHANSKY B, ROSENFELD LE, WARNER AL et al.: The Atrial Fibrillation Follow-up Investigation of Rhythm Management (AFFIRM) study: approaches to control rate in atrial fibrillation. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. (2004) 43(7):1201-1208.
    • (2004) J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. , vol.43 , Issue.7 , pp. 1201-1208
    • Olshansky, B.1    Rosenfeld, L.E.2    Warner, A.L.3
  • 50
    • 0037028033 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comparison of rate control and rhythm control in patients with recurrent persistent atrial fibrillation
    • VAN GELDER IC, HAGENS VE, BOSKER HA et al.: A comparison of rate control and rhythm control in patients with recurrent persistent atrial fibrillation. N. Engl. J. Med. (2002) 347(23):1834-1840.
    • (2002) N. Engl. J. Med. , vol.347 , Issue.23 , pp. 1834-1840
    • Van Gelder, I.C.1    Hagens, V.E.2    Bosker, H.A.3
  • 51
    • 0034715973 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rhythm or rate control in atrial fibrillation - Pharmacological Intervention in Atrial Fibrillation (PIAF): A randomiscd trial
    • HOHNLOSER SH, KUCK KH, LILIENTHAL J: Rhythm or rate control in atrial fibrillation - pharmacological Intervention in Atrial Fibrillation (PIAF): a randomiscd trial. Lancet (2000) 356(9244):1789-1794.
    • (2000) Lancet , vol.356 , Issue.9244 , pp. 1789-1794
    • Hohnloser, S.H.1    Kuck, K.H.2    Lilienthal, J.3
  • 52
    • 0038025290 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Randomized trial of rate-control versus rhythm-control in persistent atrial fibrillation: The Strategies of Treatment of Atrial Fibrillation (STAF) study
    • CARLSSON J, MIKETIC S, WINDELER J et al.: Randomized trial of rate-control versus rhythm-control in persistent atrial fibrillation: the Strategies of Treatment of Atrial Fibrillation (STAF) study. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. (2003) 41(10):1690-1696.
    • (2003) J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. , vol.41 , Issue.10 , pp. 1690-1696
    • Carlsson, J.1    Miketic, S.2    Windeler, J.3
  • 53
    • 4143064759 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rate control versus rhythm control in patients with nonvalvular persistent atrial fibrillation: The results of the Polish How to Treat Chronic Atrial Fibrillation (HOT CAFE) Study
    • OPOLSKI G, TORBICKI A, KOSIOR DA et al.: Rate control versus rhythm control in patients with nonvalvular persistent atrial fibrillation: the results of the Polish How to Treat Chronic Atrial Fibrillation (HOT CAFE) Study. Chest (2004) 126(2):476-486.
    • (2004) Chest , vol.126 , Issue.2 , pp. 476-486
    • Opolski, G.1    Torbicki, A.2    Kosior, D.A.3
  • 54
    • 0028845685 scopus 로고
    • Silent cerebral infarction in patients with nonrheumatic atrial fibrillation
    • The Veterans Affairs Stroke Prevention in Nonrheumatic Atrial Fibrillation Investigators
    • EZEKOWITZ MD, JAMES KE, NAZARIAN SM et al.: Silent cerebral infarction in patients with nonrheumatic atrial fibrillation. The Veterans Affairs Stroke Prevention in Nonrheumatic Atrial Fibrillation Investigators. Circulation (1995) 92(8):2178-2182.
    • (1995) Circulation , vol.92 , Issue.8 , pp. 2178-2182
    • Ezekowitz, M.D.1    James, K.E.2    Nazarian, S.M.3
  • 55
    • 0141613041 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recent advances in drug therapy for atrial fibrillation
    • WIJFFELS MC, CRIJNS HJ: Recent advances in drug therapy for atrial fibrillation. J. Cardiovasc. Electrophysiol. (2003) 14(9 Suppl.):S40-S47.
    • (2003) J. Cardiovasc. Electrophysiol. , vol.14 , Issue.9 SUPPL.
    • Wijffels, M.C.1    Crijns, H.J.2
  • 57
    • 20444374166 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Atria selective prolongation by NIP-142, an antiarrhythmic agent, of refractory period and action potential duration in guinea pig myocardium
    • MATSUDA T, TAKEDA K, ITO M et al.: Atria selective prolongation by NIP-142, an antiarrhythmic agent, of refractory period and action potential duration in guinea pig myocardium. J. Pharmacol. Sci. (2005) 98(1):33-40.
    • (2005) J. Pharmacol. Sci. , vol.98 , Issue.1 , pp. 33-40
    • Matsuda, T.1    Takeda, K.2    Ito, M.3
  • 58
    • 0036033595 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Electrophysiological and antiarrhythmic effects of the novel I(Kur) channel blockers, S9947 and S20951, on left versus right pig atrium in vivo in comparison with the I(Kr) blockers dofetilide, azimilide, D,L-sotalol and ibutilide
    • KNOBLOCH K, BRENDEL J, PEUKERT S, ROSENSTEIN B, BUSCH AE, WIRTH KJ: Electrophysiological and antiarrhythmic effects of the novel I(Kur) channel blockers, S9947 and S20951, on left versus right pig atrium in vivo in comparison with the I(Kr) blockers dofetilide, azimilide, D,L-sotalol and ibutilide. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch. Pharmacol. (2002) 366(5):482-487.
    • (2002) Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch. Pharmacol. , vol.366 , Issue.5 , pp. 482-487
    • Knobloch, K.1    Brendel, J.2    Peukert, S.3    Rosenstein, B.4    Busch, A.E.5    Wirth, K.J.6
  • 59
    • 4644370831 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'Early' Class III drugs for the treatment of atrial fibrillation efficacy and atrial selectivity of AVE0118 in remodeled atria of the goat
    • BLAAUW Y, GÖGELEIN H, TIELEMAN RG, VAN HUNNIK A, SCHOTTEN U, ALLESSIE MA: 'Early' Class III drugs for the treatment of atrial fibrillation efficacy and atrial selectivity of AVE0118 in remodeled atria of the goat. Circulation (2004) 110:1717-1724.
    • (2004) Circulation , vol.110 , pp. 1717-1724
    • Blaauw, Y.1    Gögelein, H.2    Tieleman, R.G.3    Van Hunnik, A.4    Schotten, U.5    Allessie, M.A.6


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.