메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 164, Issue 1, 2006, Pages 63-68

Accounting for independent nondifferential misclassification does not increase certainty that an observed association is in the correct direction

Author keywords

Bias; Epidemiologic methods; Measurement error; Misclassification; Odds ratio; Relative risk; Validation

Indexed keywords

EPIDEMIOLOGY; ERROR ANALYSIS; SAMPLING BIAS;

EID: 33745404626     PISSN: 00029262     EISSN: 14766256     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwj155     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (55)

References (43)
  • 1
    • 84968340260 scopus 로고
    • Misclassification in 2 X 2 tables
    • Bross I. Misclassification in 2 X 2 tables. Biometrics 1954;10:478-86.
    • (1954) Biometrics , vol.10 , pp. 478-486
    • Bross, I.1
  • 2
    • 0345653323 scopus 로고
    • Errors in the interpretation of errors in epidemiology
    • Newell DJ. Errors in the interpretation of errors in epidemiology. Am J Public Health 1962;52:1925-8.
    • (1962) Am J Public Health , vol.52 , pp. 1925-1928
    • Newell, D.J.1
  • 3
    • 0042955281 scopus 로고
    • Nondifferential misclassification does not always produce bias toward the null
    • Poole C. Nondifferential misclassification does not always produce bias toward the null. (Abstract). Am J Epidemiol 1985;118:508.
    • (1985) Am J Epidemiol , vol.118 , pp. 508
    • Poole, C.1
  • 4
    • 0025005852 scopus 로고
    • Does nondifferential misclassification of exposure always bias a true effect toward the null value?
    • Dosemeci M, Wacholder S, Lubin JH. Does nondifferential misclassification of exposure always bias a true effect toward the null value? Am J Epidemiol 1990;132:746-8.
    • (1990) Am J Epidemiol , vol.132 , pp. 746-748
    • Dosemeci, M.1    Wacholder, S.2    Lubin, J.H.3
  • 5
    • 0028905628 scopus 로고
    • When measurement errors correlate with truth: Surprising effects of nondifferential misclassification
    • Wacholder S. When measurement errors correlate with truth: surprising effects of nondifferential misclassification. Epidemiology 1995;6:157-61.
    • (1995) Epidemiology , vol.6 , pp. 157-161
    • Wacholder, S.1
  • 6
    • 0027981940 scopus 로고
    • When will nondifferential misclassification of an exposure preserve the direction of a trend?
    • Weinberg CR, Umbach DM, Greenland S. When will nondifferential misclassification of an exposure preserve the direction of a trend? Am J Epidemiol 1994;140:565-71.
    • (1994) Am J Epidemiol , vol.140 , pp. 565-571
    • Weinberg, C.R.1    Umbach, D.M.2    Greenland, S.3
  • 7
    • 0029392465 scopus 로고
    • Re: "When will nondifferential misclassification of an exposure preserve the direction of a trend?"
    • Thomas DC. Re: "When will nondifferential misclassification of an exposure preserve the direction of a trend?" (Letter). Am J Epidemiol 1995;142:782-4.
    • (1995) Am J Epidemiol , vol.142 , pp. 782-784
    • Thomas, D.C.1
  • 8
    • 20744449651 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Proper interpretation of nondifferential misclassification effects: Expectations versus observations
    • Jurek AM, Greenland S, Maldonado GM, et al. Proper interpretation of nondifferential misclassification effects: expectations versus observations. Int J Epidemiol 2005;34:680-7.
    • (2005) Int J Epidemiol , vol.34 , pp. 680-687
    • Jurek, A.M.1    Greenland, S.2    Maldonado, G.M.3
  • 9
    • 0026508977 scopus 로고
    • The effects of nondifferential misclassification in ecologic studies
    • Brenner H, Savitz DA, Jöckel KH, et al. The effects of nondifferential misclassification in ecologic studies. Epidemiology 1992;3:85-95.
    • (1992) Epidemiology , vol.3 , pp. 85-95
    • Brenner, H.1    Savitz, D.A.2    Jöckel, K.H.3
  • 10
    • 31344432705 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Curious phenomena in Bayesian adjustment for exposure misclassification
    • Gustafson P, Greenland S. Curious phenomena in Bayesian adjustment for exposure misclassification. Stat Med 2006;25:87-103.
    • (2006) Stat Med , vol.25 , pp. 87-103
    • Gustafson, P.1    Greenland, S.2
  • 11
    • 0024564610 scopus 로고
    • Risk factors for sudden infant death syndrome in the U.S. Collaborative Perinatal Project
    • Kraus JF, Greenland S, Bulterys MG. Risk factors for sudden infant death syndrome in the U.S. Collaborative Perinatal Project. Int J Epidemiol 1989;18:113-20.
    • (1989) Int J Epidemiol , vol.18 , pp. 113-120
    • Kraus, J.F.1    Greenland, S.2    Bulterys, M.G.3
  • 13
    • 0001325611 scopus 로고
    • Wald's test as applied to hypotheses in logit analysis
    • Corrigendum 1980;75:482
    • Hauck WW, Donner A. Wald's test as applied to hypotheses in logit analysis. J Am Stat Assoc 1977;72:851-3. Corrigendum 1980;75:482.
    • (1977) J Am Stat Assoc , vol.72 , pp. 851-853
    • Hauck, W.W.1    Donner, A.2
  • 14
    • 0005484509 scopus 로고
    • On the use of Wald's test in exponential families
    • Vaeth M. On the use of Wald's test in exponential families. Int Stat Rev 1985;54:199-214.
    • (1985) Int Stat Rev , vol.54 , pp. 199-214
    • Vaeth, M.1
  • 15
    • 0034997533 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Case-control analysis with partial knowledge of exposure misclassification probabilities
    • Gustafson P, Le ND, Saskin R. Case-control analysis with partial knowledge of exposure misclassification probabilities. Biometrics 2001;57:598-609.
    • (2001) Biometrics , vol.57 , pp. 598-609
    • Gustafson, P.1    Le, N.D.2    Saskin, R.3
  • 16
    • 0023941607 scopus 로고
    • Variance estimation for epidemiologic effect estimates under misclassification
    • Greenland S. Variance estimation for epidemiologic effect estimates under misclassification. Stat Med 1988;7:745-57.
    • (1988) Stat Med , vol.7 , pp. 745-757
    • Greenland, S.1
  • 17
    • 0025085929 scopus 로고
    • Validation study methods for estimating exposure proportions and odds ratios with misclassified data
    • Marshall RJ. Validation study methods for estimating exposure proportions and odds ratios with misclassified data. J Clin Epidemiol 1990;43:941-7.
    • (1990) J Clin Epidemiol , vol.43 , pp. 941-947
    • Marshall, R.J.1
  • 18
    • 0036971491 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A note on estimating crude odds ratios in case-control studies with differentially misclassified exposure
    • Lyles RH. A note on estimating crude odds ratios in case-control studies with differentially misclassified exposure. Biometrics 2002;58:1034-7.
    • (2002) Biometrics , vol.58 , pp. 1034-1037
    • Lyles, R.H.1
  • 19
    • 0024426743 scopus 로고
    • Correction of logistic regression relative risk estimates and confidence intervals for systematic within-person measurement error
    • Rosner B, Willett WC, Spiegelman D. Correction of logistic regression relative risk estimates and confidence intervals for systematic within-person measurement error. Stat Med 1989;8:1051-70.
    • (1989) Stat Med , vol.8 , pp. 1051-1070
    • Rosner, B.1    Willett, W.C.2    Spiegelman, D.3
  • 20
    • 84921386393 scopus 로고
    • Reconciling Bayesian and frequentist evidence in the one-sided testing problem
    • Casella G, Berger RL. Reconciling Bayesian and frequentist evidence in the one-sided testing problem. J Am Stat Assoc 1987;82:106-11.
    • (1987) J Am Stat Assoc , vol.82 , pp. 106-111
    • Casella, G.1    Berger, R.L.2
  • 21
    • 0347913108 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Could Fisher, Jeffreys and Neyman have agreed on testing?
    • Berger J. Could Fisher, Jeffreys and Neyman have agreed on testing? (with discussion). Stat Sci 2003;18:1-32.
    • (2003) Stat Sci , vol.18 , pp. 1-32
    • Berger, J.1
  • 22
    • 0026755722 scopus 로고
    • Correlated nondifferential misclassifications of disease and exposure: Application to a cross-sectional study of the relation between handedness and immune disorders
    • Chavance M, Dellatolas G, Lellouch J. Correlated nondifferential misclassifications of disease and exposure: application to a cross-sectional study of the relation between handedness and immune disorders. Int J Epidemiol 1992;21:537-46.
    • (1992) Int J Epidemiol , vol.21 , pp. 537-546
    • Chavance, M.1    Dellatolas, G.2    Lellouch, J.3
  • 23
    • 0026576933 scopus 로고
    • Bias from nondifferential but dependent misclassification of exposure and outcome
    • Kristensen P. Bias from nondifferential but dependent misclassification of exposure and outcome. Epidemiology 1992;3:210-15.
    • (1992) Epidemiology , vol.3 , pp. 210-215
    • Kristensen, P.1
  • 24
    • 0026337612 scopus 로고
    • Differential misclassification arising from nondifferential errors in exposure measurement
    • Flegal KM, Keyl PM, Nieto FJ. Differential misclassification arising from nondifferential errors in exposure measurement. Am J Epidemiol 1991;134:1233-44.
    • (1991) Am J Epidemiol , vol.134 , pp. 1233-1244
    • Flegal, K.M.1    Keyl, P.M.2    Nieto, F.J.3
  • 25
    • 0025953289 scopus 로고
    • Blind assignment of exposure does not always prevent nondifferential misclassification
    • Wacholder S, Dosemeci M, Lubin JH. Blind assignment of exposure does not always prevent nondifferential misclassification. Am J Epidemiol 1991;134:433-7.
    • (1991) Am J Epidemiol , vol.134 , pp. 433-437
    • Wacholder, S.1    Dosemeci, M.2    Lubin, J.H.3
  • 26
    • 4243984093 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Approximately nondifferential exposure misclassification does not ensure bias toward the null
    • Maldonado G, Greenland S, Phillips C. Approximately nondifferential exposure misclassification does not ensure bias toward the null. (Abstract). Am J Epidemiol 2000;151:S39.
    • (2000) Am J Epidemiol , vol.151
    • Maldonado, G.1    Greenland, S.2    Phillips, C.3
  • 27
    • 0018957326 scopus 로고
    • The effect of misclassification in the presence of covariates
    • Greenland S. The effect of misclassification in the presence of covariates. Am J Epidemiol 1980;112:564-9.
    • (1980) Am J Epidemiol , vol.112 , pp. 564-569
    • Greenland, S.1
  • 28
    • 0027478827 scopus 로고
    • Bias due to nondifferential misclassification of a polytomous confounder
    • Brenner H. Bias due to nondifferential misclassification of a polytomous confounder. J Clin Epidemiol 1993;46:57-63.
    • (1993) J Clin Epidemiol , vol.46 , pp. 57-63
    • Brenner, H.1
  • 29
    • 0025288712 scopus 로고
    • Recall bias in a case-control study of sudden infant death syndrome
    • Dres C, Kraus JF, Greenland S. Recall bias in a case-control study of sudden infant death syndrome. Int J Epidemiol 1990;19:405-11.
    • (1990) Int J Epidemiol , vol.19 , pp. 405-411
    • Dres, C.1    Kraus, J.F.2    Greenland, S.3
  • 30
    • 0025612467 scopus 로고
    • The impact of differential recall on the results of case-control studies
    • Drews C, Greenland S. The impact of differential recall on the results of case-control studies. Int J Epidemiol 1990;19:1107-12.
    • (1990) Int J Epidemiol , vol.19 , pp. 1107-1112
    • Drews, C.1    Greenland, S.2
  • 31
    • 0013091927 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Semi-automated sensitivity analysis to assess systematic errors in observational epidemiologic data
    • Lash TL, Fink AK. Semi-automated sensitivity analysis to assess systematic errors in observational epidemiologic data. Epidemiology 2003;14:451-8.
    • (2003) Epidemiology , vol.14 , pp. 451-458
    • Lash, T.L.1    Fink, A.K.2
  • 32
    • 0013045232 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantifying and reporting uncertainty from systematic errors
    • Phillips CV. Quantifying and reporting uncertainty from systematic errors. Epidemiology 2003;14:459-66.
    • (2003) Epidemiology , vol.14 , pp. 459-466
    • Phillips, C.V.1
  • 33
    • 0037361638 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The impact of prior distributions for uncontrolled confounding and response bias: A case study of the relation of wire codes and magnetic fields to childhood leukemia
    • Greenland S. The impact of prior distributions for uncontrolled confounding and response bias: a case study of the relation of wire codes and magnetic fields to childhood leukemia. J Am Stat Assoc 2003;98:47-54.
    • (2003) J Am Stat Assoc , vol.98 , pp. 47-54
    • Greenland, S.1
  • 34
    • 29244469612 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A method to automate probabilistic sensitivity analyses of misclassified binary variables
    • Fox MP, Lash TL, Greenland S. A method to automate probabilistic sensitivity analyses of misclassified binary variables. Int J Epidemiol 2005;34:1370-7.
    • (2005) Int J Epidemiol , vol.34 , pp. 1370-1377
    • Fox, M.P.1    Lash, T.L.2    Greenland, S.3
  • 35
    • 20144383829 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multiple-bias modeling for observational studies
    • Greenland S. Multiple-bias modeling for observational studies (with discussion). J R Stat Soc (A) 2005;168:267-308.
    • (2005) J R Stat Soc (A) , vol.168 , pp. 267-308
    • Greenland, S.1
  • 37
    • 0027265767 scopus 로고
    • Validation studies using an alloyed gold standard
    • Wacholder S, Armstrong B, Hartge P. Validation studies using an alloyed gold standard. Am J Epidemiol 1993;137:1251-8.
    • (1993) Am J Epidemiol , vol.137 , pp. 1251-1258
    • Wacholder, S.1    Armstrong, B.2    Hartge, P.3
  • 39
    • 0017371080 scopus 로고
    • The effects of misclassification on the estimation of relative risk
    • Barron BA. The effects of misclassification on the estimation of relative risk. Biometrics 1977;33:414-18.
    • (1977) Biometrics , vol.33 , pp. 414-418
    • Barron, B.A.1
  • 41
    • 0023571564 scopus 로고
    • A general approach to analyzing epidemiologic data that contain misclassification errors
    • Espeland M, Hui SL. A general approach to analyzing epidemiologic data that contain misclassification errors. Biometrics 1987;43:1001-12.
    • (1987) Biometrics , vol.43 , pp. 1001-1012
    • Espeland, M.1    Hui, S.L.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.