Atlantic bluefin tuna: Population dynamics, ecology, fisheries and management

Fish and Fisheries

Volumn 6, Issue 4, 2005, Pages 281-306

  Fromentin, Jean Marc ^a   Powers, Joseph E ^b  

^a IFREMER   (France)

^b SOUTHEAST FISHERIES SCIENCE CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

Atlantic bluefin tuna; Population dynamics; Population structure; Stock assessment and management; Thunnus thynnus; Tuna fisheries

Indexed keywords

BEHAVIOR; FISH; FISHERY MANAGEMENT; GROWTH RATE; HABITAT STRUCTURE; MANAGEMENT PRACTICE; MIGRATION; OVERFISHING; POPULATION DECLINE; POPULATION DYNAMICS; POPULATION STRUCTURE; REPRODUCTIVE BEHAVIOR; STOCK ASSESSMENT;

ASIA; ATLANTIC OCEAN; ATLANTIC OCEAN (WEST); EURASIA; FAR EAST; JAPAN; MEDITERRANEAN SEA;

SCOMBRIDAE GEN. SP.; THUNNUS THYNNUS;

EID: 33745270740     PISSN: 14672960     EISSN: 14672979     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-2979.2005.00197.x     Document Type: Review

References (146)

1. Addis P. Cau A. Davini M.A. Secci E. Scibaldi G. ( 1997) Collection of tuna data catches by trap-nets in Sardinia: historical (1825-1980) and recent catches (1992-1995). Collective Volume of Scientific Papers ICCAT 46, 132 139.
2. Aristotle ( 4th Century BC) Histoire des animaux. Chapitre 13. Les migrations des poissons. Gallimard - folio essais, Paris.
3. Arocha F. Lee D.W. ( 1996) Maturity at size, reproductive seasonality, spawning frequency, fecundity and sex ratio in swordfish from the Northwest Atlantic. Collective Volume of Scientific Papers ICCAT 45, 350 357.
4. Bard F.X. ( 1981) Le thon germon Thunnus alalunga (Bonaterre 1788) de l'océan atlantique. Thèse de Doctorat d'Etat, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris 6, 330 pages.
5. Bard F.X. ( 2001) Extension of the geographical and vertical habitat of albacore (T. alalunga) in the North Atlantic. Possible consequences on true rate of exploitation of this stock. Collective Volume of Scientific Papers ICCAT 52, 1447 1456.
6. Bard F.X. Bach P. Josse E. ( 1998) Habitat et écophysiologie des thons: Quoi de neuf depuis 15 ans Collective Volume of Scientific Papers ICCAT 50, 319 342.
7. Berkeley S.A. Chapman C. Sogard S.M. ( 2004a) Maternal age as a determinant of larval growth and survival in a marine fish, Sebastes melanops. Ecology 85, 1258 1264.
8. Berkeley S.A. Hixon M.A. Larson R.J. Love M.S. ( 2004b) Fisheries sustainability via protection of age structure and spatial distribution of fish populations. Fisheries 29, 23 32.
9. Berthelot S. ( 1988) Etude sur les pêches maritimes dans la Méditerranée et l'océan. Jean-Pierre Debbane éditeur, Grenoble.
10. Bhattacharya C.G. ( 1967) A simple method of resolution of a distribution into Gaussian components. Biometrics 23, 115 135.
11. Bigelow H.B. Schroeder W.C. ( 1953) Fishes in the Gulf of Maine. Fisheries Bulletin and Wildlife Service 53, 1 577.
12. Block B.A. Dewar H. Blackwell S.B. et al. ( 2001) Migratory movements, depth preferences, and thermal biology of Atlantic bluefin tuna. Science 293, 1310 1314.
13. Block B.A. Teo S.L.H. Walli A. et al. ( 2005) Electronic tagging and population structure of Atlantic bluefin tuna. Nature 434, 1121 1127.
14. Bokko S.J. Berkeley S.A. ( 2004) Maturity, ovarian cycle, fecundity, and age-specific parturition of black rockfish (Sebastes melanops). Fishery Bulletin 102, 418 429.
15. Boustany A.M. Marcinek D.J. Keen J. Dewar H. Block B.A. ( 2001) Movements and temperature preferences of Atlantic bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus) off North Carolina: a comparison of acoustic, archival and pop-up satellite tags. In: Electronic Tagging and Tracking in Marine Fisheries ( eds J.R. Sibert J.L. Nielsen). Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, pp. 89 108.
16. Bregazzi R.M. ( 2004) Tuna Ranching Intelligent Unit - September 2004. Advanced Tuna Ranching Technologies (ATRT), Madrid, 49 pp.
17. Brill R.W. Lutcavage M.E. ( 2001) Understanding environmental influences on movements and depth distributions of tunas and billfishes can significantly improve population assessments. American Fisheries Society Symposium 25, 179 198.
18. Brill R.W. Lutcavage M.E. Metzger G. et al. ( 2001) Horizontal and vertical movements of juvenile bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus) in relation to oceanographic conditions of the western North Atlantic, determined with ultrasonic telemetry. Fishery Bulletin 100, 155 167.
19. Broughton R. Gold R.J. ( 1997) Microsatellite development and survey of variation in northern bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus). Molecular Marine Biology and Biotechnology 6, 308 314.
20. de Buen F. ( 1925) Biologia del atun (Orcynnus thynnus L.). Resultado Campañas Realizadas por Acuerdos Internacionales bajo la Direccion del Prof. de Buen. Ministerio de Marina-Direccion General de Pesca, Madrid, pp. 1 118.
21. Cardinale M. Arrhenius F. ( 2000) The relationship between stock and recruitment: are the assumptions valid Marine Ecology Progress Series 196, 305 309.
22. Carey F.G. Robinson B.H. ( 1981) Daily patterns in the activities of swordfish, Xiphias gladius, observed by acoustic telemetry. Fishery Bulletin 79, 277 292.
23. Carlsson J. McDowell J.R. Diaz-Jaimes P. et al. ( 2004) Microsatellite and mitochondrial DNA analyses of Atlantic bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus thynnus) population structure in the Mediterranean Sea. Molecular Ecology 13, 3345 3356.
24. Caton A.E. ( 1991) Review of aspects of southern bluefin tuna biology, population and fisheries. In: World Meeting on Stock Assessment of Bluefin Tunas: Strengths and Weaknesses ( eds R.B. Deriso W.H. Bayliff). IATTC, La Jolla, pp. 181 350.
25. Cetti F 1777) Storia naturale della Sardegna. Piattoli, Sassari 100, 168 180.
26. Clark J. ( 1968) Seasonal movements of striped bass contingents of Long Island Sound and New York Bight. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 97, 320 343.
27. Compean-Jimenez G. Bard F.X. ( 1980) Age and growth of East Atlantic bluefin tuna as determined by reading of fin rays cross section. Collective Volume of Scientific Papers ICCAT 9, 547 552.
28. Compean-Jimenez G. Bard F.X. ( 1983) Growth Increments on Dorsal Spines of Eastern Atlantic Bluefin Tuna (Thunnus thynnus) and Their Possible Relation to Migration Patterns. National Marine Fisheries Service, Miami, pp. 77 86.
29. Cooke J.G. Lankester K. ( 1996) Examination of alternative stock distribution models for the interpretation of bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus) tag-recovery data. Collective Volume of Scientific Papers ICCAT 45, 135 138.
30. Cort J.L. ( 1991) Age and growth of the bluefin tuna Thunnus thynnus (L.) of the Northeast Atlantic. Collective Volume of Scientific Papers ICCAT 35, 213 230.
31. Cotter A.J.R. Burt L. Paxton C.G.M. Fernandez C. Buckland S.T. Pan J.-X. ( 2004) Are stock assessment methods too complicated Fish and Fisheries 5, 235 254.
32. Cury P. ( 1994) Obstinate nature: an ecology of individuals. Thoughts on reproductive behaviour and biodiversity. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Science 51, 1664 1673.
33. ème millénaire: les poissons de Cap Andreas Kastros (Chypre). In: Fouilles récentes à Khirokitia ( eds A. Le Brun). Editions Recherche sur Civilisations, Paris, pp. 335 360.
34. Dittman A.H. Quinn T.P. ( 1996) Homing in Pacific salmon: mechanisms and ecological basis. Journal of Experimental Biology 199, 83 91.
35. Dodson J.J. ( 1988) The nature and role of learning on the orientation and migratory behaviour of fishes. Environmental Biology of Fishes 23, 161 182.
36. Doumenge F. ( 1998) L'histoire des pêches thonières. Collective Volume of Scientific Papers ICCAT 50, 753 803.
37. Doumenge F. ( 2000) La pêche en Méditerranée. Centre d'Etudes et de Rencontres Méditerranéennes (CERM), Palavas-Les-Flots (France), 42 pp.
38. Eggleston D.B. Bochenek E.A. ( 1990) Stomach contents and parasite infestation of school bluefin tuna Thunnus thynnus collected from the Middle Atlantic Bight, Virginia. Fishery Bulletin 88, 389 395.
39. Ely B. Stoner D.S. Dean J.M. et al. ( 2002) Genetic analyses of Atlantic northern bluefin tuna captured in the northwest Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea. Collective Volume of Scientific Papers ICCAT 54, 372 376.
40. Evenson J.P. Laslett G.M. Polacheck T. ( 2004) An integrated model for growth incorporating tag-recapture, length-frequency and direct aging data. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Science 61, 292 306.
41. Farley J.H. Davis T.L.O. ( 1998) Reproductive dynamics of southern bluefin tuna, Thunnus maccoyii. Fishery Bulletin 96, 223 236.
42. Farrugio H. ( 1981) Exploitation et dynamique des populations de thon rouge, Thunnus thynnus (Linné 1758), Atlanto- Méditérranéennes. Doctorat d'Etat, Université des Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, Montpellier, 266 pages Sibert J.R. ( 1998) MULTIFAN-CL: a length-based, age-structured model for fisheries stock assessment, with application to south Pacific albacore, Thunnus alalunga. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Science 55, 2105 2116.
43. Fromentin J.-M. ( 2002a) Descriptive analysis of the ICCAT bluefin tuna tagging database. Collective Volume of Scientific Papers ICCAT 54, 353 362.
44. Fromentin J.-M. ( 2002b) Final Report of STROMBOLI - EU-DG XIV Project 99/022. European Community - DG XIV, Brussels, 109 pp.
45. Fromentin J.-M. ( 2002c) Is the recruitment a key biological process in the hypothetical NAO-Atlantic tunas relationships Collective Volume of Scientific Papers ICCAT 54, 1008 1016.
46. Fromentin J.-M. ( 2003) Why uncertainty in the management of the East Atlantic Bluefin tuna has constantly increased in the past few years. Scientia Marina 67, 51 62.
47. Fromentin J.-M. Farrugio H. ( 2005) Results of the 2003 observer program on board of the French purse seiner targeting Atlantic bluefin tuna in the Mediterranean sea. Collective Volume of Scientific Papers ICCAT 58, 779 782 Fonteneau A. ( 2001) Fishing effects and life history traits: a case-study comparing tropical versus temperate tunas. Fisheries Research 53, 133 150.
48. Fromentin J.-M. Ravier C. ( 2005) The East Atlantic and Mediterranean bluefin tuna stock: looking for sustainability in a context of large uncertainties and strong political pressures. Bulletin of Marine Science 76, 353 362 Christie H. ( 2001) Effects of density-dependent and stochastic processes on the stabilization of cod populations. Ecology 82, 567 579.
49. Fromentin J.-M. Farrugio H. Deflorio M. de Metrio G. ( 2003) Preliminary results of aerial surveys of bluefin tuna in the western Mediterranean Sea. Collective Volume of Scientific Papers ICCAT 55, 1019 1027.
50. Graham J.B. Dickson K.A. ( 2001) Anatomical and physiological specializations for endothermy. In: Tuna. Physiology, Ecology, and Evolution ( eds B.A. Block E.D. Stevens). Academic Press, San Diego, CA, pp. 121 165.
51. Gunn J. Block B.A. ( 2001) Advances in acoustic, archival, and satellite tagging of tunas. In: Tuna. Physiology, Ecology, and Evolution ( eds B.A. Block E.D. Stevens). Academic Press, San Diego, CA, pp. 167 224.
52. Hampton J. ( 2000) Natural mortality rates in tropical tunas: size really does matter. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Science 57, 1002 1010.
53. Hamre J. Lozano F. Rodriguez-Roda J. Tiews K. ( 1968) Report from the bluefin tuna working group. Conseil Permanent international pour l'Exploration de la Mer, Copenhagen, Statistical News letters No. 38, 27 pp.
54. Hanski I. ( 1999) Metapopulation Ecology. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
55. Heldt M.H. ( 1929) Le thon rouge et sa peche. Rapport et Procès-verbaux des Réunions de la Commission internationale de l'Exploration Scientifique de Mer Méditerranée 4, 97 112.
56. Hilborn R. Branch T.A. Ernst B. et al. ( 2003) States of the world fisheries. Annual Review of Environmental Resources 28, 15.1 15.40 Orensanz J. ( 2004) Beyond band-aids in fisheries management: fixing world fisheries. Bulletin of Marine Science 74, 493 507.
57. Hilborn R. Orensanz J. Parma A. ( 2005) Institutions, incentives and the future of fisheries. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences 360, 47 57.
58. Holland K.N. Brill R.W. Chang R.K.C. Sibert J.R. Fournier D.A. ( 1992) Physiological and behavioural thermoregulation in bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus). Nature 358, 410 412.
59. Humston R. Ault J.S. Lutcavage M. Olson D.B. ( 2000) Schooling and migration of large pelagic fishes relative to environmental cues. Fisheries Oceanography 9, 136 146.
60. ICCAT ( 1997) 1996 SCRS detailed report on bluefin tuna. Collective Volume of Scientific Papers ICCAT 46, 1 301.
61. ICCAT ( 1999) 1998 SCRS detailed report on bluefin tuna. Collective Volume of Scientific Papers ICCAT 49, 1 191.
62. ICCAT ( 2002a) ICCAT workshop on bluefin tuna mixing. Collective Volume of Scientific Papers ICCAT 54, 261 352.
63. ICCAT ( 2002b) Report of the ICCAT Workshop on Environment and Tuna Recruitment (Madrid, Spain, May 7-12, 2001). Collective Volume of Scientific Papers ICCAT 54, 895 952.
64. ICCAT ( 2003a) Basic Texts, 3rd revision. International Commission for the Conservation of Atlantic Tuna (ICCAT), Madrid, 113 pp.
65. ICCAT ( 2003b) Report of the 2002 Atlantic Bluefin Tuna Stock Assessment Session. Collective Volume of Scientific Papers ICCAT 55, 710 937.
66. ICCAT ( 2003c) Report of the Sixth GFCM-ICCAT Meeting on Stocks of Large Pelagic Fishes in the Mediterranean. Collective Volume of Scientific Papers ICCAT 55, 1 84.
67. ICCAT ( 2004) 14th Report of the Standing Committee on Research & Statistics (SCRS). International Commission for the Conservation of Atlantic Tuna (ICCAT), Madrid, 206 pp.
68. ICCAT ( 2005) Report of the 2004 Data Exploratory Meeting for the East Atlantic and Mediterranean Bluefin Tuna. Collective Volume of Scientific Papers ICCAT 58, 662 699.
69. Inagake D. Yamada H. Segawa K. Okazaki M. Nitta A. Itoh T. ( 2001) Migration of young bluefin tuna, Thunnus orientalis Temminck et Schlegel, through archival tagging experiments and its relation with oceanographic conditions in the Western North Pacific. Bulletin of Natural Resource Institute of the Far Seas Fisheries 38, 53 81.
70. Karakulak S. Oray I. Corriero A. et al. ( 2004) First information on the reproductive biology of the bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus) in the eastern Mediterranean. Collective Volume of Scientific Papers ICCAT 56, 1158 1162.
71. Kell L.T. Die D. Restrepo V. Fromentin J.-M. Ortiz de Zarate V. Pillares P. ( 2003) An evaluation of management strategies for Atlantia tuna stocks. Scientia Marina 67, 353 370.
72. Kritzer J.P. Sale P.F. ( 2004) Metapopulation ecology in the sea: from Levins' model to marine ecology and fisheries science. Fish and Fisheries 5, 131 140.
73. Labelle M. Hoch T. Liorzou B. Bigot J.L. ( 1997) Indices of bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus thynnus) abundance derived from sale records of French purse seine catches in the Mediterranean Sea. Aquatic Living Resources 10, 329 342.
74. Laurs R.M. Fiedler P.C. Montgomery D.R. ( 1984) Albacore tuna catch distributions relative to environmental features observed from satellites. Deep Sea Research 31, 1085 1099.
75. Lehodey P. Bertignac M. Hampton J. Lewis A. Picaut J. ( 1997) El Nino Southern Oscillation and tuna in the western Pacific. Nature 389, 715 718.
76. Levins R. ( 1969) Some demographic and genetic consequences of environmental heterogeneity for biological control. Bulletin of Entomological Society of America 15, 237 240.
77. Lioka C. Kani K. Nhhala H. ( 2000) Present status and prospects of technical development of tuna sea-farming. Cahiers Options Mé diterranéennes 47, 275 285.
78. Liorzou B. ( 2001) Final Report of the EU Project BFTMED (97/029). European Community - DG XIV, Brussels, 325 pp.
79. Longhurst A. ( 1998) Cod: perhaps if we all stood back a bit Fisheries Research 38, 101 108.
80. Lutcavage M. Kraus S. Hoggard W. ( 1997) Aerial survey of giant bluefin tuna, Thunnus thynnus, in the great Bahama bank, straits of Florida, 1995. Fishery Bulletin 95, 300 310.
81. Lutcavage M. Brill R.W. Skomal G.B. Chase B.C. Howey P.W. ( 1999) Results of pop-up satellite tagging of spawning size class fish in the Gulf of Maine: do North Atlantic bluefin tuna spawn in the mid-Atlantic Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Science 56, 173 177.
82. Lutcavage M.E. Brill R.W. Skomal G.B. Chase B.C. Goldstein J.L. Tutein J. ( 2000) Tracking adult North Atlantic bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus) in the northwestern Atlantic using ultrasonic telemetry. Marine Biology 137, 347 358.
83. Lutcavage M.E. Brill R.W. Porter J.M. et al. ( 2001) Summary of the pop-up satellite tagging of giant bluefin tuna in the joint US-Canada program, Gulf of Maine and Canadian Atlantic. Collective Volume of Scientific Papers ICCAT 52, 759 770.
84. MacCall A.D. ( 1990) Dynamic geography of marine fish populations. Washington Sea Grant, Seattle, WA.
85. Marsac F. ( 1999) Changements hydroclimatiques observés dans l'Atlantique depuis les années 50 et impacts sur quelques stocks de thons et leur exploitation. Collective Volume of Scientific Papers ICCAT 49, 346 370.
86. Marteinsdottir G. Begg G.A. ( 2002) Essential relationships incorporating the influence of age, size and condition on variables required for estimation of reproductive potential in Atlantic cod Gadus morhua. Marine Ecology Progress Series 235, 235 256.
87. Mather F.J. Mason Jr., J.M. Jones A. ( 1995) Historical document: life history and fisheries of Atlantic bluefin tuna. NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS-SEFSC-370, Miami, Fl, 165 pp.
88. McQuinn I.H. ( 1997) Metapopulations and the Atlantic herring. Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries 7, 297 329.
89. Medina A. Abascal F.J. Megina C. García A. ( 2002) Stereological assessment of the reproductive status of female Atlantic northern bluefin tuna during migration to Mediterranean spawning grounds through the Strait of Gibraltar. Journal of Fish Biology 60, 203 217.
90. de Metrio G. Arnold G.P. Block B.A. et al. ( 2002) Behaviour of post-spawning Atlantic bluefin tuna tagged with pop-up satellite tags in the Mediterranean and eastern Atlantic. Collective Volume of Scientific Papers ICCAT 54, 415 424.
91. Meyer-Waarden P.F. ( 1959) Relation between the tuna populations of the Atlantic, Mediterranean and North Seas. Proceedings of the General Fisheries Council of the Mediterranean 5, 197 202.
92. Musyl M.K. Brill R.W. Boggs C.H. Curran D.S. Kazama T.K. Seki M.P. ( 2003) Vertical movements of bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus) associated with islands, buoys, and seamounts near the main Hawaiian Islands from archival tagging data. Fisheries Oceanography 12, 152 169.
93. Myers R.A. Cadigan N.G. ( 1993) Density-dependent juvenile mortality in marine demersal fish. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Science 50, 1576 1590.
94. Nishikawa Y. Honma M. Ueyanagi S. Kikawa S. ( 1985) Average distribution of larvae of oceanic species of scombroid species, 1956-1981. Far Seas Fisheries Research Laboratory S Series 12, 99.
95. Nortarbartolo di Sciara G. ( 1987) Killer whale, Orcinus orca, in the Mediterranean Sea. Marine Mammal Science 3, 356 360.
96. Olivieri I. Couvet D. Gouyon P.-H. ( 1990) The genetics of transient populations: research at the metapopulation level. Trends in Ecology & Evolution 5, 207 210.
97. Ortiz de Zarate V. Cort J.L. ( 1986) Stomach contents study of immature bluefin tuna in the Bay of Biscay. ICES-CM H:26, 10 pp.
98. Palsbøll P.J. Allen J. Bérubé M. et al. ( 1997) Genetic tagging of humpbackwhales. Nature 388, 767 769.
99. Pavesi P. ( 1889) L'industria del tonno. Relatione alla commissione reale per le tonnare, Ministero di Agricultura, Industria e Commercio, Roma.
100. Picinetti C. Piccinetti Manfrin G. ( 1993) Distribution des larves de thonidés en Mediterranée. Collective Volume of Scientific Papers ICCAT 40, 164 172.
101. Pline L. ( 1st Century AD) Histoire Naturelle. Livre IX. q17 Les Belles Lettres, Paris.
102. Porch C.E. ( 2005) The sustainability of Western Atlantic bluefin tuna: a warm blooded fish in a hot blooded fishery. Bulletin of Marine Science 76, 363 384.
103. Porch C.E. Turner S.C. ( 1997) Catch-at-age analysis of West Atlantic bluefin tuna incorporating data from 1960 to 1994. Collective Volume of Scientific Papers ICCAT 46, 276 279.
104. Porch C.E. Turner S.C. ( 1999) Virtual population analyses of Atlantic bluefin tuna with alternative models of transatlantic migration. Collective Volume of Scientific Papers ICCAT 49, 291 305.
105. Porch C.E. Turner S.C. Powers J.E. ( 2001) Virtual population analyses of Atlantic bluefin tuna with alternative models of transatlantic migration: 1970-1997. Collective Volume of Scientific Papers ICCAT 52, 1022 1045.
106. Powers J.E. Cramer J. ( 1996) An exploration of the nature of Atlantic bluefin tuna mixing. Collective Volume of Scientific Papers ICCAT 45, 173 181.
107. Powers J.E. Porch C.E. ( 2004) Approaches to developing management procedures which incorporate mixing. Collective Volume of Scientific Papers ICCAT 56, 1144 1152.
108. Pujolar J.M. Pla C. ( 2000) Genetic differentiation between north-west Atlantic and Mediterranean samples of bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus) using isozyme analysis. Collective Volume of Scientific Papers ICCAT 51, 882 891.
109. Punt A.E. Butterworth D.S. ( 1995) Use of tagging data within a VPA formalism to estimate migration rates of bluefin tuna across the North Atlantic. Collective Volume of Scientific Papers ICCAT 44, 166 182.
110. Pusineri C. Ravier C. Fromentin J.-M. ( 2002) Retrospective analysis of the bluefin tuna Nordic fisheries data. Collective Volume of Scientific Papers ICCAT 54, 517 526.
111. Ravier C. Fromentin J.-M. ( 2001) Long-term fluctuations in the Eastern Atlantic and Mediterranean bluefin tuna population. ICES Journal of Marine Science 58, 1299 1317.
112. Ravier C. Fromentin J.-M. ( 2002) Eastern Atlantic bluefin tuna: what we learnt from historical time-series of trap catches. Collective Volume of Scientific Papers ICCAT 54, 507 516.
113. Ravier C. Fromentin J.-M. ( 2004) Are the long-term fluctuations in Atlantic bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus) population related to environmental changes Fisheries Oceanography 13, 145 160.
114. Rodriguez-Roda J. ( 1964) Biologia del Atun, Thunnus thynnus (L.), de la costa sudatlantica de Espana. Investigacion Pesqua 25, 33 146.
115. Rodriguez-Roda J. ( 1967) Fecundidad del atun, Thunnus thynnus (L.), de la costa sudatlantica de España. Investigacion Pesqua 31, 35 52 pages.
116. Rooker J.R. Secor D.H. ( 2004) Stock structure and mixing of Atlantic bluefin tuna: evidence from stable δ13C and δ18O isotopes in otoltihs. Collective Volume of Scientific Papers ICCAT 56, 1115 1120.
117. Rooker J.R. Secor D.H. Zdanowicz V.S. De Metrio G. Orsi-Relini L. ( 2003) Identification of Atlantic bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus) stocks from putative nurseries using otolith chemistry. Fisheries Oceanography 12, 75 84.
118. Roule L. ( 1917) Etude sur les aires de ponte et les déplacements périodiques du thon (Orcynus thunnus L.) dans la Mé diterranée occidentale. Annales de l'Institut Océanographique 7, 1 26.
119. Royer F. Fromentin J.-M. Gaspar P. ( 2004) The association between bluefin tuna schools and oceanic features in the Western Mediterranean Sea. Marine Ecology Progress Series 269, 249 263.
120. Royer F. Fromentin J.-M. Gaspar P. ( 2005) A state/space model to derive bluefin tuna movement and habitat from archival tags. Oikos 109, 473 484.
121. Santiago J. ( 1998) The North Atlantic Oscillation an recruitment of temperate tunas. Collective Volume of Scientific Papers ICCAT 48, 240 249.
122. Sara R. ( 1963) Data, observations and comments on the occurrence, behavior, characteristics and migrations of tunas in the Mediterranean. Proceedings of the General Fisheries Council for the Mediterranean 8, 371 388.
123. Sara R. ( 1969) La pesca del tonno in Tirreno nel 1969. Bollettino di Pesca, Piscicultura e Idrobiologia, Roma 24, 217 243.
124. Schaefer K.M. ( 2001) Reproductive biology of tunas. In: Tuna. Physiology, Ecology, and Evolution ( eds B.A. Block E.D. Stevens). Academic Press, San Diego, pp. 225 270.
125. Schick R.S. Goldstein J. Lutcavage M.E. ( 2004) Bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus) distribution in relation to sea surface temperature fronts in the Gulf of Maine (1994-96). Fisheries Oceanography 13, 225 238.
126. Scordia C. ( 1938) Per la biologia del tonno (Thunnus thynnus L.) XV. Le migrazioni dei tonni entro il Mediterraneo. Memorie di Biologia Marina di Oceanografia, Messina 5, 1 50.
127. Secor D.H. ( 1999) Specifying divergent migrations in the concept of stock: the contingent hypothesis. Fisheries Research 43, 13 34.
128. Secor D.H. Campana S.E. Zdanowicz V.S. Lam J.W.H. Yang L. Rooker J.R. ( 2002) Inter-laboratory comparison of Atlantic and Mediterranean bluefin tuna otolith microconstituents. ICES Journal of Marine Science 59, 1294 1304.
129. Sella M. ( 1929) Migrazioni e habitat del tonno (Thunnus thynnus, L.) studiati col metodo degli ami, con osservazioni su l'accrescimento, sul regime delle tonnare ecc. Memoria R. Comitato Talassografico Italiano 156, 511 542 Brill R.W. ( 2003) Horizontal movements of bigeye tuna near Hawaii from archival tagging data. Fisheries Oceanography 12, 141 151.
130. Sinclair M. ( 1988) Marine Populations: An Essay on Population Regulation and Speciation. Washington Press, Seattle, WA.
131. Sinclair M. Iles T.C. ( 1989) Population regulation and speciation in the oceans. Journal du Conseil international pour l'Exploration de la Mer 45, 165 175.
132. Slatkin M. Wade M.J. ( 1978) Group selection on a quantitative character. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 75, 3531 3534.
133. Smith P.J. Jamieson A. ( 1986) Stock discreteness in herrings: a conceptual revolution. Fisheries Research 4, 223 234.
134. Susca V. Corriero A. Deflorio M. Bridges C.R. De Metrio G. ( 2001) New results on the reproductive biology of bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus) in the Mediterranean. Collective Volume of Scientific Papers ICCAT 52, 745 751.
135. Taberlet P. Waits L.P. Luickart G. ( 1999) Non-invasive genetic sampling: look before you leap. Trends in Ecology & Evolution 14, 323 327.
136. Teo S.L.H. Boustany A. Blackwell S. Walli A. Weng K.C. Block B.A. ( 2004) Validation of geolocation estimates based on light level and sea surface temperature from electronic tags. Marine Ecology Progress Series 283, 81 98.
137. Tiews K. ( 1957) Biologische untersuchungen am roten thun (Thunnus thynnus L.) in der Nordsee. Berichte der Deutschen Wissenschaftlichen Komission Fur Meeresfsorschung, Stuggart 14, 192 220.
138. Tiews K. ( 1978) On the disappearance of bluefin tuna in the North Sea and its ecological implications for herring and mackerel. Rapport et Procès-verbaux des Réunions du Conseil international de l'Exploration de la Mer 172, 301 309.
139. Turner S.C. Powers J.E. ( 1995) Review of information related to Atlantic bluefin tuna east-west movement. Collective Volume of Scientific Papers ICCAT 44, 191 197.
140. Turner S.C. Restrepo V.R. Eklund A.M. ( 1991) A review of the growth rate of West Atlantic bluefin tuna, Thunnus thynnus. Collective Volume of Scientific Papers ICCAT 35, 271 293.
141. Uotani I. Saito T. Hiranuma K. Nishikawa Y. ( 1990) Feeding habit of bluefin tuna Thunnus thynnus larvae in the western North Pacific Ocean. Bulletin of the Japanese Society of Science and Fisheries 56, 713 717.
142. Vetter E.F. ( 1987) Estimation of natural mortality in fish stocks: a review. Fishery Bulletin 86, 25 43.
143. Viñas J. El Tawil M. Pla C. ( 2001) Preliminary genetic analyses of Mediterranean bluefin tuna caught in Libyan waters. Collective Volume of Scientific Papers ICCAT 52, 797 802.
144. Viñas J. Pla C. El Tawil M. Hattour A. Farrugia A.F. de la Serna J.M. ( 2003) Mitochondrial genetic characterization of bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus) from three Mediterranean (Libya, Malta, Tunisia); and one Atlantic locations (Gulf of Cadiz). Collective Volume of Scientific Papers ICCAT 55, 1282 1288.
145. Wilson S.G. Lutcavage M.E. Brill R.W. Genovese M.P. Cooper A.B. Everly A.W. ( 2005) Movements of bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus) in the northwestern Atlantic Ocean recorded by pop-up satellite archival tags. Marine Biology 146, 409 423.
146. WWF ( 2002) Tuna Farming in the Mediterranean: the 'coup de grâce' to a Dwindling Population? When Bluefin Tuna Becomes Golden Tuna. WWF Publications, WWF Mediterranean Programme Office, Barcelona, 14 pp pp.