Paramedics and pre-hospital management of acute myocardial infarction: Diagnosis and reperfusion

Emergency Medicine Journal

Volumn 23, Issue 5, 2006, Pages 331-334

  Johnston, S ^a,b   Brightwell, R ^b   Ziman, M ^b  

^a ST JOHN AMBULANCE WESTERN AUSTRALIA   (Australia)

^b EDITH COWAN UNIVERSITY   (Australia)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ALTEPLASE; ANISTREPLASE; FIBRINOLYTIC AGENT; PLACEBO; RETEPLASE; STREPTOKINASE; TENECTEPLASE; UROKINASE;

ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME; ACUTE HEART INFARCTION; BLOOD CLOT LYSIS; CLINICAL TRIAL; CORONARY ARTERY BYPASS GRAFT; DIAGNOSTIC ACCURACY; ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY; EMERGENCY CARE; EMERGENCY HEALTH SERVICE; FATALITY; HEART PERFUSION; HUMAN; INTENSIVE CARE; MORBIDITY; MORTALITY; PARAMEDICAL EDUCATION; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PREVALENCE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; SURVIVAL; TRANSLUMINAL CORONARY ANGIOPLASTY; EARLY DIAGNOSIS; ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHY; FIBRINOLYTIC THERAPY; HEART INFARCTION; HEART MUSCLE REPERFUSION; METHODOLOGY; RESCUE PERSONNEL;

ANGIOPLASTY, TRANSLUMINAL, PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY; EARLY DIAGNOSIS; ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHY; EMERGENCY MEDICAL SERVICES; EMERGENCY MEDICAL TECHNICIANS; FIBRINOLYTIC AGENTS; HUMANS; MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; MYOCARDIAL REPERFUSION; THROMBOLYTIC THERAPY;

EID: 33744966839     PISSN: 14720205     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1136/emj.2005.028118     Document Type: Review

References (45)

1. Gruppo Italiano per lo Studio della Streptochinasi nell'Infarto Miocardico (GISSI). Effectiveness of intravenous thrombolytic treatment in acute myocardial infarction. Lancet 1986;1:397-402.
2. ISIS-2 (Second International Study of Infarct Survival) Collaborative Group. Randomised trial of intravenous streptokinase, oral aspirin, both or neither among 17,187 cases of suspected acute myocardial infarction. Lancet 1988;2:2349-60.
3. The GUSTO investigators. An international randomized trial comparing four thrombolytic strategies for acute myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 1993;329:673-82.
4. Grines CL, Browne KF, Marco J, et al. A comparison of immediate angioplasty with thrombolytic therapy for acute myocardial infarction: the Primary Angioplasty in Myocardial Infarction Study Group. N Engl J Med 1993;328:673-9.
5. Garas S, Zafari AM. Myocardial infarction. www.emedicine.com/med/topic1567.htm.
6. Stahmer S, Baumann BM, McNamara RM, et al. Myocardial infarction. www.emedicine.com/emerg/topic327.htm.
7. Boersma E, Maas AC, Deckers JW, et al. Early thrombolytic treatment in acute myocardial infarction: reappraisal of the golden hour. Lancet 1996;348:771-5.
8. Henriques JP, Zijlstra F, van't Hof AW, et al. Primary PCI versus thrombolytic therapy: long-term follow-up according to infarct location. Heart 2006;92:75-9.
9. Bonnefoy E, Lapostolle F, Leizorovicz A, et al. Comparison of Angioplasty and Prehospital Thrombolysis in Acute Myocardial infarction study group. Primary angioplasty versus prehospital fibrinolysis in acute myocardial infarction: a randomized study. Lancet 2002;360:825-9.
10. Nordt TK, Bode C. Thrombolysis: Newer thrombolytic agents and their role in clinical medicine. Heart 2003;89:1358-62.
11. Seyedroudbari A, Kessler ER, Mooss AN, et al. Time to treatment and cost of thrombolysis: a multicenter comparison of tPA and rPA. J Thromb Thrombolysis 2000;9:303-8.
12. Fischer M, Hossmann K. No reflow after cardiac arrest. Intensive Care Med 1995;21:132-41.
13. Van de Werf F, Ardissino D, Betriu A, et al. Management of acute myocardial infarction in patients presenting with ST-segment elevation. The Task Force on the Management of Acute Myocardial Infarction of the European Society of Cardiology. Eur Heart J 2003;24:28-66.
14. Antman EM, Anbe DT, Armstrong PW, et al. ACC/AHA guidelines for the management of patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction - executive summary: a report of the American College of Cardiology American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Revise the Guidelines for the Management of Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction). Circulation 2004;110:588-636.
15. Cannon CP, Antman EM, Walls R, et al. Time as an adjunctive agent to thrombolytic therapy. J Thromb Thrombolysis 1994;1:27-34.
16. Cannon CP, Braunwald E, McCabe CH, et al. The Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) trials: the first decade J Interv Cardiol 1995;8:117-35.
17. Balachandran KP, Miller J, Pell ACH, et al. Rescue percutaneous coronary intervention for failed thrombolysis: results from a district general hospital Postgrad Med J 2002;78:330-4.
18. Bett N, Aroney G, Thompson P. Delays preceding admission to hospital and treatment with thrombolytic agents of patients with possible heart attack. Aust NZ J Med 1993;23:3121-3.
19. Dracup K, McKinley SM, Moser DK. Australian patients delay in response to heart attack symptoms. Med J Aust 1997;166:233-6.
20. Goodacre S, Kelly AM, Kerr D. Potential impact of interventions to reduce times to thrombolysis. Emerg Med J 2004;21:625-9.
21. Masud SP, Mackenzie R. Acute coronary syndrome. J R Army Med Corps 2003;149:303-10.
22. Whitbread M, Leah V, Bell T, et al. Recognition of ST elevation by paramedics. Emerg Med J 2002;19:66-7.
23. Aufderheide TP, Hendley GE, Woo J, et al. A prospective evaluation of prehospital 12-lead ECG application in chest pain patients. J Electrocardiol 1992;24(suppl):8-13.
24. Aragounis L, Ipsen SK, Jessop MR, et al. Impact of field-transmitted electrocardiography on time to in-hospital thrombolytic therapy in acute myocardial infarction. Am J Cardiol 1990;66:786-91.
25. Gibler WB, Kereiakes DJ, Dean EN. Prehospital diagnosis and treatment of acute myocardial infarction: a North-South perspective. Am Heart J 1991;121:1-11.
26. Weaver WD, Cerqueira M, Hallstrom AP. Prehospital-initiated vs hospital-initiated thrombolytic therapy. The Myocardial Infarction Triage and Intervention Trial. JAMA 1993;270:1211-16.
27. Canto JG, Rogers WJ, Bowlby LJ, et al. The prehospital electrocardiogram in acute myocardial infarction: is its full potential being realized? National Registry of Myocardial Infarction 2 Investigators. J Am Coll Cardiol 1997;29:498-505.
28. Patel RJ, Vilke GM, Chan TC. The prehospital electrocardiogram. J Emerg Med 2001, 21:35-9.
29. Weaver WD, Eisenberg MS, Martin JS, et al. Myocardial infarction Triage and intervention Project phase I: feasibility and accuracy of prehospital thrombolytic candidate selection. J Am Coll Cardiol 1990;15:925-31.
30. Rawles J. Halving of mortality at 1 year by domiciliary thrombolysis in the Grampian Region Early Anistreplase Trial (GREAT). J Am Coll Cardiol 1994;23:1-5.
31. More R, Moore K, Quinn E, et al. Delay times in the administration of thrombolytic therapy: the Brighton experience. Int J Cardiol 1995;49:39-46.
32. Millar-Craig MW, Joy AV, Adamowicz M, et al. Reduction in treatment delay by paramedic ECG diagnosis of myocardial infarction with direct CCU admission. Heart 1997;78:456-61.
33. Bright H, Pocock J. Prehospital recognition of acute MI. Can J Emerg Med 2002;4:212.
34. Morrison L, Verbeek P, McDonald A. Mortality and prehospital thrombolysis for acute MI. A meta-analysis. JAMA 2000;283:2686-92.
35. Rawles J. Magnitude of benefits from the earlier thrombolytic treatment in acute MI: new evidence from the GREAT trial. BMJ 1996;312:212-15.
36. Rawles J. Feasibility, safety and efficacy of domiciliary thrombolysis by general practitioners: Grampian Region Early Anistreplase Trial. GREAT Group. BMJ 1992;305:548-53.
37. Schofer J, Buttner J, Geng G, et al. Prehospital thrombolysis in acute myocardial infarction. Am J Cardiol 1990;66:1429-33.
38. Svensson L, Karlsson T, Nordlander R, et al. Safety and delay time in prehospital thrombolysis of acute myocardial infarction in urban and rural areas in Sweden. Am J Emerg Med 2003;21:263-70.
39. Welsh RC, Ornato J, Armstrong PW. Prehospital management of acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction: a time for reappraisal in North America. Am Heart J 2003;145:1-8.
40. Spohr F, Arntz HR, Bluhmki E, et al. International multicentre trial protocol to assess the efficacy and safety of tenecteplase during cardiopulmonary resuscitation in patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: the Thrombolysis in Cardiac Arrest (TROICA) Study. Eur J Clin Invest 2005;35:315-23.
41. Stone GW. Angioplasty versus "earlier" thrombolysis - time for a wake up call. Lancet 2002;360:814-16.
42. Lamfers EJ, Verheugt FW. Primary angioplasty or thrombolysis for acute myocardial infarction? Lancet 2003;361:77-8.
43. Stone GW. Primary angioplasty or thrombolysis for acute myocardial infarction? Lancet 2003;361:78-9.
44. Hoye A. The CAPTIM study. Lancet 2003;361:700.
45. Bettencourt N, Mateus P, Dias C, et al. Impact of pre-hospital emergency in the management and prognosis of acute myocardial infarction. Rev Port Cardiol 2005;24:863-72.