Polymeric CO2/N2 gas separation membranes for the capture of carbon dioxide from power plant flue gases

Journal of Membrane Science

Volumn 279, Issue 1-2, 2006, Pages 1-49

  Powell, Clem E ^a   Qiao, Greg G ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MELBOURNE   (Australia)

Author keywords

Carbon dioxide; Gas separation; Geosequestration; Membranes; Nitrogen; Polyarylates; Polycarbonates; Polyimides; Polymeric; Polypyrrolones; Polysulfones

Indexed keywords

CARBON DIOXIDE; FLUE GASES; NITROGEN; POLYCARBONATES; POLYIMIDES; POLYSULFONES; POWER PLANTS; SEPARATION;

GAS SEPARATION; GEOSEQUESTRATION; POLYARYLATES; POLYPYRROLONES;

POLYMERIC MEMBRANES;

ACETYLENE DERIVATIVE; ACRYLIC ACID DERIVATIVE; CARBON DIOXIDE; CARBONIC ACID; ETHYLENE OXIDE DERIVATIVE; IMIDE; POLYCARBONATE; POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBON DERIVATIVE; POLYMER; PYRROLE DERIVATIVE; SULFONE DERIVATIVE;

CARBON DIOXIDE; FLUE GASES; NITROGEN; POLYCARBONATES; POLYIMIDES; POLYMERIC MEMBRANES; POLYSULFONES; POWER PLANTS; SEPARATION;

ELECTRIC POWER PLANT; GAS; GREENHOUSE EFFECT; MEMBRANE TRANSPORT; POLYMERIZATION; PRESSURE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; SEPARATION TECHNIQUE; SYNTHESIS; TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT; THEORETICAL STUDY;

EID: 33744546077     PISSN: 03767388     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2005.12.062     Document Type: Review

References (190)

1. Houghton J.T. Climate Change 2001: The Scientific Basis (2001), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
2. McCarthy J.J., Canziani O.F., Leary N.A., Dokken D.J., and White K.S. Climate Change 2001: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability (2001), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
3. Pacala S., and Socolow R. Stabilization wedges: solving the climate problem for the next 50 years with current technologies. Science 305 (2004) 968
4. Graham T. On the law of the diffusion of gases. J. Membr. Sci. 100 (1995) 17
5. Graham T. Notice of the singular inflation of a bladder. J. Membr. Sci. 100 (1995) 9
6. Baker R.W. Future directions of membrane gas separation technology. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 41 (2002) 1393
7. Koros W.J. Gas separation membranes: needs for combined materials science and processing approaches. Macromol. Symp. 188 (2002) 13
8. Maier G. Gas separation with polymer membranes. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 37 (1998) 2960
9. Stern S.A. Polymers for gas separations: the next decade. J. Membr. Sci. 94 (1994) 1
10. Paul D.R., and Yampol'skii Y.P. Polymeric Gas Separation Membranes (1994), CRC Press, Boca Raton
11. Koros W.J., and Fleming G.K. Membrane-based gas separation. J. Membr. Sci. 83 (1993) 1
12. Freeman B.D., and Pinnau I. Polymeric materials for gas separations. ACS Symp. Series 733 (1999) 1
13. Langsam M. Polyimides for gas separation. Plastics Eng. 36 (1996) 697
14. Koros W.J., and Mahajan R. Pushing the limits on possibilities for large scale gas separation: which strategies. J. Membr. Sci. 175 (2000) 181
15. 2 capture and their integration with gas turbine planes. Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng. Part A: J. Power Energy 217 (2003) 505
16. Saufi S.M., and Ismail A.F. Fabrication of carbon membranes for gas separation-a review. Carbon 42 (2004) 241
17. Ismail A.F., and David L.I.B. A review on the latest development of carbon membranes for gas separation. J. Membr. Sci. 193 (2001) 1
18. Shekhawat D., Luebke D.R., and Pennline H.W. A review of Carbon Dioxide Selective Membranes, DOE/NETL-2003/1200 (2003), National Energy Technology Laboratory, Department of Energy
19. Barsema J.N., Klijnstra S.D., Balster J.H., van der Vegt N.F.A., Koops G.H., and Wessling M. Intermediate polymer to carbon gas separation membranes based on Matrimid PI. J. Membr. Sci. 238 (2004) 93
20. Park H.B., Kim Y.K., Lee J.M., Lee S.Y., and Lee Y.M. Relationship between chemical structure of aromatic polyimides and gas permeation properties of their carbon molecular sieve membranes. J. Membr. Sci. 229 (2004) 117
21. Kim Y.K., Park H.B., and Lee Y.M. Carbon molecular sieve membranes derived from metal-substituted sulfonated polyimide and their gas separation properties. J. Membr. Sci. 226 (2003) 145
22. Wang R., Cao C., and Chung T.-S. A critical review on diffusivity and the characterization of diffusivity of 6FDA-6FpDA polyimide membranes for gas separation. J. Membr. Sci. 198 (2002) 259
23. Robeson L. Correlation of separation factor versus permeability for polymeric membranes. J. Membr. Sci. 62 (1991) 165
24. Freeman B.D. Basis of permeability/selectivity tradefoff relations in polymeric gas separation membranes. Macromolecules 32 (1999) 375
25. Park J.Y., and Paul D.R. Correlation and prediction of gas permeability in glassy polymer membrane materials via a modified free volume based group contribution method. J. Membr. Sci. 125 (1997) 23
26. Takeuchi H. A jump motion of small molecules in glassy polymers: a molecular dynamics simulation. J. Chem. Phys. 93 (1990) 2062
27. Smit E., Mulder M.H.V., Smolders C.A., Karrenbeld H., van Eerden J., and Feil D. Modelling of the diffusion of carbon dioxide in polyimide matrices by computer simulation. J. Membr. Sci. 73 (1992) 247
28. Pinel E., Brown D., Bas C., Mercier R., Albérola D., and Neyertz S. Chemical influence of the dianhydride and diamine structure on a series of compolyimides studied by molecular dynamics simulations. Macromolecules 35 (2002) 10198
29. Jacobson S.H. Molecular modeling studies of polymeric gas separation and barrier materials: structure and transport mechanisms. Polym. Adv. Technol. 5 (1994) 724
30. Heuchel M., and Hofmann D. Molecular modelling of polyimide membranes for gas separation. Desalination 144 (2002) 67
31. 2 in amorphous poly(ethylene terephthalate) and related aromatic polyesters. Polymer 44 (2003) 6713
32. Laciak D.V., Robeson L., and Smith C.D. Group contribution modelling of Gas transport in polymeric membranes. ACS Symp. Series 733 (1999) 151
33. Robeson L., Smith C.D., and Langsam M. A group contribution approach to predict permeability and permselectivity of aromatic polymers. J. Membr. Sci. 132 (1997) 33
34. White D.J., Burrowes G., Davis T., Hajnal Z., Hirsche K., Hutcheon I., Majer E., Rostron B., and Whittaker S. Greenhouse gas sequestration in abandoned oil reservoirs: the International Energy Agency Weyburn pilot project. GSA Today 14 (2004) 4
35. 2 from large stationary sources and sequestration in gelogical formations-coalbeds and deep saline aquifers. J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. 53 (2003) 645
36. 2 capture from flue gases. In: Rubin E.S., Keith D.W., and Gilboy C.F. (Eds). Proceedings of Seventh International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies. Cheltenham, UK (2004)
37. Granite E.J., and Pennline H.W. Photochemical removal of mercury from flue gas. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 41 (2002) 5470
38. 2 separation. Coal Sci. (1995) 1927
39. Anderson R., Mattes B.R., Kaner R.B., and Reiss H. Conjugated polymer films for gas separation. Science 252 (1991) 1412
40. R.B. Kaner, R. Anderson, B.R. Mattes, H. Reiss, Membranes having selective permeability, US Patent 5,096,586 1992.
41. Rebattet L., Escoubes M., Genies E., and Pineri M. Effect of doping treatment of gas permeation properties and separation factors on polyaniline membranes. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 57 (1995) 1595
42. Illing G., Hellgardt K., Wakeman R.J., and Jungbauer A. Preparation and characterisation of polyaniline based membranes for gas separation. J. Membr. Sci. 184 (2001) 69
43. Xu Z.-K., Dannenberg C., Springer J., Banerjee S., and Maier G. Novel poly(arylene ether) as membranes for gas separation. J. Membr. Sci. 205 (2002) 23
44. Pixton M.R., and Paul D.R. Gas transport properties of polyarylates: substituent size and symmetry effects. Macromolecules 28 (1995) 8277
45. Pixton M.R., and Paul D.R. Gas transport properties of polyarylates part I: connector and pendant group effects. J. Polym. Sci. Part B: Polym. Phys. 33 (1995) 1135
46. Pixton M.R., and Paul D.R. Gas transport properties of polyarylates. Part II. Tetrabromination of the bisphenol. J. Polym. Sci. Part B: Polym. Phys. 33 (1995) 1353
47. Pixton M.R., and Paul D.R. Gas transport properties of polyarylates based on 9,9-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)anthrone. Polymer 36 (1995) 2745
48. Aguilar-Vega M., and Paul D.R. Gas transport properties of polycarbonates and polysulfones with aromatic substitutions on the bisphenol connector group. J. Polym. Sci. Part B: Polym. Phys. 31 (1993) 1599
49. McHattie J.S., Koros W.J., and Paul D.R. Effect of isopropylidene replacement on gas transport properties of polycarbonates. J. Polym. Sci. Part B: Polym. Phys. 29 (1991) 731
50. Barbari T.A., Koros W.J., and Paul D.R. Polymeric membranes based on bisphenol-A for gas separations. J. Membr. Sci. 42 (1989) 69
51. Hellums M.W., Koros W.J., Husk G.R., and Paul D.R. Fluorinated polycarbonates for gas separation applications. J. Membr. Sci. 46 (1989) 93
52. Muruganandam N., and Paul D.R. Evaluation of substituted polycarbonates and a blend with polystyrene as gas separation membranes. J. Membr. Sci. 34 (1987) 185
53. Li Y., Ding M., and Xu J. Gas separation properties of aromatic polyetherimides from 1,4-bis(3,4-dicarboxyphenoxy)benzene dianhydride and 3,5-diaminobenzic acid or its esters. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 63 (1997) 1
54. Barbari T.A., Koros W.J., and Paul D.R. Gas transport in polymers based on bisphenol-A. J. Polym. Sci. Part B: Polym. Phys. 26 (1988) 709
55. Lin H., and Freeman B.D. Gas solubility, diffusivity and permeability in poly(ethylene oxide). J. Membr. Sci. 239 (2004) 105
56. 2 gas separation properties of poly(ethylene oxide) containing polymer membranes. Trans. Mater. Res. Soc. Jpn. 27 (2002) 419
57. Tin P.S., Chung T.-S., Liu Y., Wang R., Liu S.L., and Pramoda K.P. Effect of cross-linking modification on gas separation performance of Matrimid membranes. J. Membr. Sci. 225 (2003) 77
58. Liu Y., Chng M.L., Chung T.-S., and Wang R. Effects of amidation on gas permeation properties of polyimide membranes. J. Membr. Sci. 214 (2003) 83
59. Hibshman C., Cornelius C.J., and Marand E. The gas separation effects of annealing polyimide-organosilicate hybrid membranes. J. Membr. Sci. 211 (2003) 25
60. Xu Z.-K., Xiao L., Wang J.-L., and Springer J. Gas separation properties of PMDA/ODA polyimide membranes filling with polymeric nanoparticles. J. Membr. Sci. 202 (2002) 27
61. Liu S.L., Wang R., Chung T.-S., Chng M.L., Liu Y., and Vora R.H. Effect of diamine composition on the gas transport properties in 6FDA/3,3′-diaminodiphenyl sulfone copolyimides. J. Membr. Sci. 202 (2002) 165
62. Wang R., Chan S.S., Liu Y., and Chung T.-S. Gas transport properties of poly(1,5-naphthalene-2,2′-bis(3,4-phthalic) hexafluoropropane) diimide (6FDA-1,5-NDA) dense membranes. J. Membr. Sci. 199 (2002) 191
63. Piroux F., Espuche E., Mercier R., and Pineri M. Sulfonated copolyimides: influence of structural parameters on gas separation properties. Desalination 145 (2002) 371
64. Liu Y., Wang R., and Chung T.-S. Chemical cross-linking modification of polyimide membranes for gas separation. J. Membr. Sci. 189 (2001) 231
65. Lin W.-H., Vora R.H., and Chung T.-S. Gas transport properties of 6FDA-durene/1,4-phenylenediamine (pDA) copolyimides. J. Polym. Sci. Part B: Polym. Phys. 38 (2000) 2703
66. Al-Masei M., Fritsch D., and Kricheldorf H.R. New polyimides for gas separation. 2. Polyimides derived from substituted catechol bis(etherphthalic anhydrides)s. Macromolecules 33 (2000) 7127
67. Al-Masei M., Kricheldorf H.R., and Fritsch D. New polyimides for gas separation. 1. Polyimides dervived from substituted terphenylenes and 4,4′-(hexafluoroisopropylidene)diphthalic anhydride. Macromolecules 32 (1999) 7853
68. Chun B.-W., Ishizu C., Itatani H., Haraya K., Shindo Y., and Characterization. Gas permeability of a three-component polyimide series. J. Polym. Sci. Part B: Polym. Phys. 32 (1994) 1009
69. Stern S.A., Liu Y., and Feld W.A. Structure/permeability relationships of polyimides with branched or extended diamine moieties. J. Polym. Sci. Part B: Polym. Phys. 31 (1993) 939
70. Tanaka K., Kita H., Okano M., and Okamoto K.-I. Permeability and permselectivity of gases in fluorinated and non-fluorinated polyimides. Polymer 33 (1992) 585
71. Tanaka K., Okano M., Toshino H., Kita H., and Okamoto K.-I. Effect of methyl substituents on permeability and permselectivity of gases in polyimides prepared from methyl-substituted phenylenediamines. J. Polym. Sci. Part B: Polym. Phys. 30 (1992) 907
72. Yamamoto H., Mi Y., Stern S.A., and St. Clair A.K. Structure/permeability relationships of polyimide membranes II. J. Polym. Sci. Part B: Polym. Phys. 28 (1990) 2291
73. Kim T.-H., Koros W.J., and Husk G.R. Temperature effects on gas permselection properties in hexafluoro aromatic polyimides. J. Membr. Sci. 46 (1989) 43
74. Stern S.A., Mi Y., Yamamoto H., and St. Clair A.K. Structure/permeability relationships of polyimide membranes. Applications to the separation of gas mixtures. J. Polym. Sci. Part B: Polym. Phys. 27 (1989) 1887
75. Hamad F., Chowdhury G., and Matsuura T. Effect of metal cations on the gas separation performance of sulfonated poly (phenylene oxide) membranes. Desalination 145 (2002) 365
76. Hamad F., Khulbe K.C., and Matsuura T. Characterization of gas separation membranes prepared from brominated poly (phenylene oxide) by infrared spectroscopy. Desalination 148 (2002) 369
77. Aguilar-Vega M., and Paul D.R. Gas transport properties of polyphenylene ethers. J. Polym. Sci. Part B: Polym. Phys. 31 (1993) 1577
78. Zimmerman C.M., and Koros W.J. Entropic selectivity analysis of a series of polypyrrolones for gas separation membranes. Macromolecules 32 (1999) 3341
79. Zimmerman C.M., and Koros W.J. Polypyrrolones for membrane gas separations. I. Structural comparison of gas transport and sorption properties. J. Polym. Sci. Part B: Polym. Phys. 37 (1999) 1235
80. Zimmerman C.M., and Koros W.J. Polypyrrolones for membrane gas separations. II. Activation energies and heats of sorption. J. Polym. Sci. Part B: Polym. Phys. 37 (1999) 1251
81. Zimmerman C.M., and Koros W.J. Comparision of gas transport and sorption in the ladder polymer BBL and some semi-ladder polymers. Polymer 40 (1999) 5655
82. Walker D.R.B., and Koros W.J. Transport characterization of a polypyrrolone for gas separations. J. Membr. Sci. 55 (1991) 99
83. Dai Y., Guiver M.D., Robertson G.P., Kang Y.S., Lee K.J., and Jho J.Y. Preparation and characterization of polysulfones containing both hexafluoroisopropylidene and trimethylsilyl groups as gas separation membrane materials. Macromolecules 37 (2004) 1403
84. Dai Y., Guiver M.D., Robertson G.P., Kang Y.S., and Lee K.J. Enhancement in the gas permeabilities of novel polysulfones with pendant 4-trimethylsilyl-α-hydroxylbenzyl substituents. Macromolecules 36 (2003) 6807
85. Dai Y., Guiver M.D., Robertson G.P., Bilodeau F., Kang Y.S., Lee K.J., Jho J.Y., and Won J. Modified polysulfones. 5. Synthesis and characterization of tetramethyl polysulfones containing trimethylsilyl groups and their gas transport properties. Polymer 43 (2002) 5369
86. Kim I.-W., Lee K.J., Jho J.Y., Park H.C., Won J., Kang Y.S., Guiver M.D., Robertson G.P., and Dai Y. Correlation between structure and gas transport properties of silyl-modified polysulfones and poly(phenyl sulfones)s. Macromolecules 34 (20012908)
87. Bonfanti C., Lanzini L., Sisto R., and Valentini C. Functional ethynl-substituted polysulfones by bromination-alkynylation suitable as gas permselective membranes. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 64 (1997) 1987
88. Pixton M.R., and Paul D.R. Gas transport properties of adamantane-based polysulfones. Polymer 36 (1995) 3165
89. Aitken C.L., Koros W.J., and Paul D.R. Gas transport properties of biphenol polysulfones. Macromolecules 25 (1992) 3651
90. Aitken C.L., Koros W.J., and Paul D.R. Effect of structural symmetry on gas transport properties of polysulfones. Macromolecules 25 (1992) 3424
91. Aitken C.L., and Paul D.R. Gas transport properties of polysulfones based on dihydroxynaphthalene isomers. J. Polym. Sci. Part B: Polym. Phys. 31 (1992) 1061
92. McHattie J.S., Koros W.J., and Paul D.R. Gas transport properties of polysulphones. 3. Comparison of tertramethyl-substituted bisphenols. Polymer 33 (1992) 1701
93. McHattie J.S., Koros W.J., and Paul D.R. Gas transport properties of polysulphones. 1. Role of symmetry of methyl group placement on bisphenol rings. Polymer 32 (1991) 840
94. McHattie J.S., Koros W.J., and Paul D.R. Gas transport properties of polysulphones. 2. Effect of bisphenol connector groups. Polymer 32 (1991) 2618
95. Nagai K., Booker N., Mau A., Hodgkin J., Kentish S., Stevens G., and Geertsema A. Gas permeation properties of polyimide/epoxy composite materials. Polym. Mater. Sci. Eng. 85 (2001) 91
96. Mohr J.M., and Paul D.R. Effect of casting solvent on the permeability of poly(4-methyl-1-pentene). Polymer 32 (1991) 1236
97. Shao L., Chung T.-S., Wensley G., Goh S.H., and Pramoda K.P. Casting solvent effects on morphologies, gas transport properties of a novel 6FDA/PMDA-TMMDA copolyimide membrane and its derived carbon membranes. J. Membr. Sci. 244 (2004) 77
98. Pereira B., and Admassu W. Effects of chemical impurities on gas permeation and diffusion in polymeric membranes. Sep. Tech. 36 (2001) 3121
99. Pereira B., and Admassu W. Effects of chemical impurities on gas sorption in polymeric membranes. I. Polycarbonate and polysulfone. Sep. Tech. 36 (2001) 177
100. Huang Y., and Paul D.R. Experimental methods for tracking physical aging of thin glassy polymer films by gas separation. J. Membr. Sci. 244 (2004) 167
101. Hacarlioglu P., Toppare L., and Yilmaz L. Effect of preparation parameters on performance of dense homogeneous polycarbonate gas separation membranes. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 90 (2003) 776
102. Hachisuka H., Takizawa H., Tsujita Y., Takizawa T., and Kinoshita T. Gas transport properties in polycarbonate films with various unrelaxed volumes. Polymer 32 (1991) 2382
103. Jordon S.M., Fleming G.K., and Koros W.J. Permeability of carbon dioxide at elevated pressures in substituted polycarbonates. J. Polym. Sci. Part B: Polym. Phys. 28 (1990) 2305
104. Prabhakar R.S., Freeman B.D., and Roman I. Gas and Vapour Sorption and permeation in poly(2,2,4-trifluoro-5-trifluoromethoxy-1,3-dioxole-co-tetrafluoroethylene). Macromolecules 37 (2004) 7688
105. Budd P.M., Msayib K.J., Tattershall C.E., Ghanem B.S., Reynolds K.J., McKeown N.B., and Fritsch D. Gas separation membranes from polymers of intrinsic microporosity. J. Membr. Sci. 251 (2005) 263
106. Paul D.R., and Pixton M.R. Polyarylate gas separation membranes. Macromol. Symp. 118 (1997) 401
107. de Abajo J., de la Campa J.G., Lozano A.E., Espeso J., and Garcia C. Designing aromatic polyamides and polyimides for gas separation membranes. Macromol. Symp. 199 (2003) 293
108. Mi Y., and Hirose T. Molecular design of high-performance polyimide membranes for gas separations. J. Polym. Res. 3 (1996) 11
109. Guiver M.D., Robertson G.P., Dai Y., Bilodeau F., Kang Y.S., Lee K.J., Jho J.Y., and Won J. Structural characterization and gas-transport properties of brominated matrimid polyimide. J. Polym. Sci. Part A: Polym. Chem. 40 (2002) 4193
110. Barbari T.A., and Datwani S.S. Gas separation properties of polysulfone membranes treated with molecular bromine. J. Membr. Sci. 107 (1995) 263
111. Lee K.J., Jho J.Y., Kang Y.S., Dai Y., Robertson G.P., Guiver M.D., and Won J. Gas transport in modified polysulfones with trimethylsilyl groups: effect of substitution site. J. Membr. Sci. 212 (2003) 147
112. 2 gas-separation properties of poly(ethylene oxide)-segmented copolymers. J. Polym. Sci. Part B: Polym. Phys. 38 (2000) 1707
113. Mikawa M., Nagaoka S., and Kawakami H. Gas transport properties and molecular motions of 6FDA copolyimides. J. Membr. Sci. 163 (1999) 167
114. Lagunas-Fuentes G., and Ruiz-Trevino F.A. Synthesis and permselectivity properties of polysolfones based on bisphenol A and 1,1 bi-2-naphthol. J. Polym. Sci. Part B: Polym. Phys. 42 (2004) 226
115. Burns R.L., and Koros W.J. Structure-property relationships for poly(pyrrolone-imide) gas separation membranes. Macromolecules 36 (2003) 2374
116. Kapantaidakis G.C., Kaldis S.P., Dabou X.S., and Sakellaropoulos G.P. Gas permeation through PSF-PI miscible blend membranes. J. Membr. Sci. 110 (1996) 239
117. Kapantaidakis G.C., Kaldis S.P., Sakellaropoulos G.P., Chira E., Loppinet B., and Floudas G. Interrelation between phase state and gas permeation in polysulfone/polyimide blend membranes. J. Polym. Sci. Part B: Polym. Phys. 37 (1999) 2788
118. Yin Y., Yoshino M., Fang J., Tanaka K., Kita H., and Okamoto K.-I. Synthesis and gas permeation properties of star-like poly(ethylene oxides)s using hyperbranched polyimide as central core. Polym. J. 36 (2004) 294
119. Smaihi M., Schrotter J.-C., Lesimple C., Prevost I., and Guizard C. Gas separation properties of hybrid imide-siloxane copolymers with various silica contents. J. Membr. Sci. 161 (1999) 157
120. 2 separation. J. Membr. Sci. 115 (1996) 65
121. Gomes D., Nunes S.P., and Peinemann K.V. Membranes for gas separation based on poly(1-trimethylsilyl-1-propyne)-silica nanocomposites. J. Membr. Sci. 246 (2004) 13
122. Villaluenga J.P.G., and Tabe-Mohammadi A. Effects of pressure ration and pressure difference on the gas permeation properties of rubbery and glassy membranes. J. Polym. Eng. 23 (2003) 209
123. Wind J.D., Sirard S.M., Paul D.R., Green P.F., Johnston K.P., and Koros W.J. Carbon dioxide-induced plasticization of polyimide membranes: pseudo-equilibrium relationships of diffusion, sorption, and swelling. Macromolecules 36 (2003) 6433
124. Costello L.M., Walker D.R.B., and Koros W.J. Analysis of a thermally stable polypyrrolone for high temperature membrane-based gas separations. J. Membr. Sci. 90 (1994) 117
125. Sanchez J., Charmette C., and Gramain P. Poly(ethylene oxide-co-epichlorohydrin) membranes for carbon dioxide separation. J. Membr. Sci. 205 (2002) 259
126. 2 of poly(ethylene oxide)-containing and crosslinked polymer films. J. Membr. Sci. 160 (1999) 87
127. H. Kita, M. Tabuchi, T. Sakai, Polymer separation membrane, US Patent 6,656,252 B2 (2003).
128. Lin H., and Freeman B.D. Gas and vapor solubility in cross-linked poly(ethylene glycol diacrylate). Macromolecules 38 (2005) 8394
129. Lin H., Kai T., Freeman B.D., Kalakkunnath S., and Kalika D.S. The effect of cross-linking on gas permeability in cross-linked poly(ethylene glycol diacrylate). Macromolecules 38 (2005) 8381
130. 2 from gas mixtures. J. Membr. Sci. 739 (2005) 57
131. Wright C.T., and Paul D.R. Feasibility of thermal crosslinking of polyarylate gas-separation membranes using benzocyclobutene-based monomers. J. Membr. Sci. 129 (1997) 47
132. Rezac M.E., Sorensen E.T., and Beckham H.W. Transport properties of crosslinkable polyimide blends. J. Membr. Sci. 136 (1997) 249
133. Matsui S., Sato H., and Nakagawa T. Effects of low molecular weight photosensitizer and UV irradiation on gas permeability and selectivity of polyimide membrane. J. Membr. Sci. 141 (1998) 31
134. R.A. Hayes, Amine-modified polyimide membranes, US Patent 4,981,497 1991.
135. Shao L., Chung T.-S., Goh S.H., and Pramoda K.P. Transport properties of cross-linked polyimide membranes induced by different generations of diaminobutane (DAB) dendrimers. J. Membr. Sci. 238 (2004) 153
136. Chung T.-S., Chng M.L., Pramoda K.P., and Xiao Y. PAMAM dendrimer-induced cross-linking modification of polyimide membranes. Langmuir 20 (2004) 2966
137. Wind J.D., Paul D.R., and Koros W.J. Natural gas permeation in polyimide membranes. J. Membr. Sci. 228 (2004) 227
138. 2 plasticization of polyimide gas separation membranes. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 41 (2002) 6139
139. W.J. Koros, D. Wallace, J.D. Wind, S.J. Miller, C. Staudt-Bickel, Crosslinked and crosslinkable hollow fiber membrane and method of making same, US 6,932,859 B2 (2005).
140. R.A. Hayes, Polyimide gas separation membranes, US Patent 4,717,393 1988.
141. Won J., Kim M.H., Kang Y.S., Park H.C., Kim U.Y., Choi S.C., and Koh S.K. Surface modification of polyimide and polysulfone membranes by ion beam for gas separation. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 75 (2000) 1554
142. Zimmerman C.M., Singh A., and Koros W.J. Tailoring mixed matrix composite membranes for gas separations. J. Membr. Sci. 137 (1997) 145
143. Mahajan R., Zimmerman C.M., Koros W.J., and Fundamental. practical aspects of mixed matrix gas separation membranes. ACS Symp. Series 733 (1999) 277
144. Vu D.Q., Koros W.J., and Miller S.J. Mixed matrix membranes using carbon molecular sieves. II. Modeling permeation behavior. J. Membr. Sci. 211 (2003) 335
145. Vu D.Q., Koros W.J., and Miller S.J. Mixed matrix membranes using carbon molecular sieves. I. Preparation and experimental results. J. Membr. Sci. 211 (2003) 311
146. R.W. Thompson, B.E. Libby, M.B. Berry, K. Rose, K.-H. Haas, Incorporation of zeolites into hybrid polymer matrices, US Patent 6,248,682 B1 (2001).
147. 60 mixed matrix membranes. J. Membr. Sci. 211 (2003) 91
148. Moaddeb M., and Koros W.J. Gas transport properties of thin polymeric membranes in the presence of silicon dioxide particles. J. Membr. Sci. 125 (1997) 143
149. Hacarlioglu P., Toppare L., and Yilmaz L. Polycarbonate-polypyrrole mixed matrix gas separation membranes. J. Membr. Sci. 225 (2003) 51
150. 2-permeable and selective polymer nanocomposite membranes. Adv. Mater. 15 (2003) 729
151. 2-permeable and -selective membranes derived from crosslinked poly(ethylene glycol) and its nanocomposites. Adv. Funct. Mater. 14 (2004) 699
152. Zheng Z., Xu X., Fan X., Lau W.M., and Kwok R.W.M. Ultrathin polymer film formation by collision-induced cross-linking of adsorbed organic molecules with hyperthermal protons. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 126 (2004) 12336
153. Pinnau I., and Koros W.J. Relationship between substructure resistance and gas separation properties of defect-free integrally skinned asymmetric membranes. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 30 (1991) 1837
154. Marchese J., and Pagliero C.L. Characterization of asymmetric polysulphone membranes for gas separation. Gas Sep. Purif. 5 (1991) 215
155. Kim H.J., Tabe-Mohammadi A., Kumar A., and Fouda A.E. Asymmetric membranes by a two-stage gelation technique for gas separation: formation and characterization. J. Membr. Sci. 161 (1999) 229
156. Dudley C.N., Schöberl B., Sturgill G.K., Beckham H.W., and Rezac M.E. Influence of crosslinking techique on the physical and transport properties of ethynyl-terminated monomer/polyetherimide asymmetric membranes. J. Membr. Sci. 191 (2001) 1
157. Kurdi J., and Tremblay A.Y. Preparation of defect-free asymmetric membranes for gas separation. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 73 (1999) 1471
158. Niwi M., Kawakami H., Kanamori T., Shinbo T., Kaito A., and Nagaoka S. Gas separation of asymmetric 6FDA polyimide membrane with oriented surface skin layer. Macromolecules 34 (2001) 9039
159. Fritzsche A.K. Gas separation by polysulfone hollow fiber membranes. Polym. News 13 (1988) 266
160. Ismail A.F., and Shilton S.J. Polysulfone gas separation hollow fiber membraneswith enhanced selectivity. J. Membr. Sci. 139 (1998) 285
161. Ismail A.F., Dunkin I.R., Gallivan S.L., and Shilton S.J. Production of super selective polysulfone hollow fiber membranes for gas separation. Polymer 40 (1999) 6499
162. Wang D., Teo W.K., and Li K. Preparation and characterization of high-flux polysulfone hollow fibre gas separation membranes. J. Membr. Sci. 204 (2002) 247
163. Wang D., Li K., and Teo W.K. Polyethersulfone hollow fiber gas separation membranes prepared from NMP/alcohol solvent systems. J. Membr. Sci. 115 (1996) 85
164. Chowdhury G., Deng S., Matsuura T., and Laverty B. Development of thin-film composite hollow-fiber membranes from modified polyphenylene oxide for gas separation applications. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 79 (2001) 275
165. Wang D., Li K., and Teo W.K. Preparation and characterization of polyetherimide asymmetric hollow fiber membranes for gas separation. J. Membr. Sci. 138 (1998) 193
166. Wang R., Cao Y., Vora R.H., and Tucker R.J. Fabrication of 6FDA-durene polyimide asymmetric hollow fibers for gas separation. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 82 (2001) 2166
167. Kawakami H., Nakajima K., and Nagaoka S. Gas separation characteristics of isomeric polyimide membrane prepared under shear stress. J. Membr. Sci. 211 (2003) 291
168. Clausi D.T., and Koros W.J. Formation of defect-free polyimide hollow fiber membranes for gas separations. J. Membr. Sci. 167 (2000) 79
169. 2 separation properties. J. Membr. Sci. 146 (1998) 31
170. Kapantaidakis G.C., Koops G.H., and Wessling M. Preparation and characterization of gas separation hollow fiber membranes based on polyethersulfone-polyimide miscible blends. Desalination 145 (2002) 353
171. I. Pinnau, Z. He, R.J. Blanc, Gas separation using coated membranes, US Patent 6,896,717 B2 (2005).
172. J.K. Nelson, B. Bikson, J.T. Macheras, Method of preparing composite gas separation membranes from perfluoropolymers, US Patent 6,923,846, 2005.
173. Lin W.-H., and Chung T.-S. The physical aging phenomenon of 6FDA-durene polyimide hollow fiber membranes. J. Polym. Sci. Part B: Polym. Phys. 38 (2000) 765
174. Khulbe K.C., Feng C., Matsuura T., Kapantaidakis G.C., Wessling M., and Koops G.H. Characterization of polyethersulfone-polyimide hollow fiber membranes by atomic force microscopy and contact angle goniometery. J. Membr. Sci. 226 (2003) 63
175. Qin J.-J., and Chung T.-S. Effects of orientation relaxation and bore fluid chemistry on morphology and performance of polyethersulfone hollow fibers for gas separation. J. Membr. Sci. 229 (2004) 1
176. Ismail A.F., Shilton S.J., Dunkin I.R., and Gallivan S.L. Direct measurement of rheologically induced molecular orientation in gas separation hollow fibre membranes and effects on selectivity. J. Membr. Sci. 126 (1997) 133
177. Gordeyev S.A., and Shilton S.J. Forced convection spinning of gas separation hollow fibre membranes: some underlying factors, mechanisms and effects. J. Membr. Sci. 229 (2004) 225
178. Chung T.-S., and Teoh S.K. The ageing phenomenon of polyethersulphone hollow fibre membranes for gas separation and their characteristics. J. Membr. Sci. 152 (1999) 175
179. Liu Y., Chung T.-S., Wang R., Li D.F., and Chng M.L. Chemical cross-linking modification of polyimide/poly(ether sulfone) dual-layer hollow-fiber membranes for gas separation. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 42 (2003) 1190
180. Bhardwaj V., Macintosh A., Sharpe I.D., Gordeyev S.A., and Shilton S.J. Polysulfone hollow fiber gas separation membranes filled with submicron particles. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 984 (2003) 318
181. Pinnau I., Wijmans J.G., Blume I., Kuroda T., and Peinemann K.V. Gas permeation through composite membranes. J. Membr. Sci. 37 (1988) 81
182. 2 separation performances of composite membranes of 6FDA-based polyimides with a polar group. J. Membr. Sci. 211 (2003) 41
183. Polotskaya G.A., Sklizkova V.P., Kozhurnikova N.D., Elyashevich G.K., and Kudryavtsev V.V. Formation and analysis of a polyimide layer in composite membranes. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 75 (2000) 1026
184. Yanagishita H., Kitamoto D., Haraya K., Nakane T., Okadu T., Matsuda H., Idemoto Y., and Koura N. Separation performance of polyimide composite membrane prepared by dip coating process. J. Membr. Sci. 188 (2001) 165
185. Yanagishita H., Nozoye H., and Nakane T. Preparation of 6FDA-based polyimide composite membrane by CVDP process. Desalination 90 (1993) 55
186. Kim T.H., Koros W.J., Husk G.R., and O'Brien K. Relationship between gas separation properties and chemical structure in a series of aromatic polyimides. J. Membr. Sci. 37 (1988) 45
187. Kazama S., Teramoto T., and Haraya K. Carbon dioxide and nitrogen transport properties of bis(phenyl)fluorene-based cardo polymer membranes. J. Membr. Sci. 207 (2002) 91
188. Aitken C.L., Paul D.R., and Mohanty D.K. Gas transport properties of poly(arylether bissulfone)s and poly(arylether bisketone)s. J. Polym. Sci. Part B: Polym. Phys. 31 (1993) 983
189. Mohr J.M., Paul D.R., Tullos G.L., and Cassidy P.E. Gas transport properties of a series of poly(ether ketone) polymers. Polymer 32 (1991) 2387
190. Jian X.G., Dai Y., Zeng I., and Xu R.X. Application of poly(phthalazinone ether sulfone ketone)s to gas membrane separation. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 71 (1999) 2385