Clostridium difficile associated diarrhoea in horses within the community: Predictors, clinical presentation and outcome

Handbook of Environmental Chemistry, Volume 5: Water Pollution

Volumn 38, Issue 2, 2006, Pages 185-188

  Weese, J S ^a   Toxopeus, L ^a   Arroyo, L ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF GUELPH   (Canada)

Author keywords

Clostridium difficile; Community; Diarrhoea; Horse

Indexed keywords

CLOSTRIDIUM DIFFICILE; EQUIDAE; EQUUS CABALLUS;

ANTIINFECTIVE AGENT;

ANIMAL; ANIMAL DISEASE; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; ARTICLE; CANADA; CLOSTRIDIUM DIFFICILE; DIARRHEA; FEMALE; HORSE; HORSE DISEASE; MALE; METHODOLOGY; MICROBIOLOGY; PSEUDOMEMBRANOUS COLITIS; RISK FACTOR; SEASON; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; ANIMALS; ANTI-BACTERIAL AGENTS; CLOSTRIDIUM DIFFICILE; DIARRHEA; ENTEROCOLITIS, PSEUDOMEMBRANOUS; FEMALE; HORSE DISEASES; HORSES; MALE; ONTARIO; RISK FACTORS; SEASONS; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

EID: 33744472256     PISSN: 14336863     EISSN: 04251644     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: 10.2746/042516406776563369     Document Type: Article

References (23)

1. Baverud, V., Gustafsson, A., Franklin, A., Lindholm, A. and Gunnarsson, A. (1997) Clostridium difficile associated with acute colitis in mature horses treated with antibiotics. Equine vet. J. 29, 279-284.
2. Baverud, V., Franklin, A., Gunnarsson, A., Gustafsson, A. and Hellander-Edman, A. (1998) Clostridium difficile associated with acute colitis in mares when their foals are treated with erythromycin and rifampicin for Rhodococcus equi pneumonia. Equine vet. J. 30, 482-488.
3. Baverud, V., Gustafsson, A., Franklin, A., Aspan, A. and Gunnarsson, A. (2003) Clostridium difficile: prevalence in horses and environment, and antimicrobial susceptibility. Equine vet. J. 35, 465-471.
4. Bignardi, G.E. (1998) Risk factors for Clostridium difficile infection. J. Hosp. Infect. 40, 1-15.
5. Bolton, R.P. and Culshaw, M.A. (1986) Faecal metronidazole concentrations during oral and intravenous therapy for antibiotic associated colitis due to Clostridium difficile. Gut 27, 1169-1172.
6. Bouza, E., Munoz, P. and Alonso, R. (2005) Clinical manifestations, treatment and control of infections caused by Clostridium difficile. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. 11 Suppl. 4, 57-64.
7. Dial, S., Alrasadi, K., Manoukian, C., Huang, A. and Menzies, D. (2004) Risk of Clostridium difficile diarrhea among hospital inpatients prescribed proton pump inhibitors: cohort and case-control studies. Can. med. Ass. J. 171, 33-38.
8. Groschel, D.H.M. (1996) Clostridium difficile infection. Crit. Rev. Clin. Lab. Sci. 33, 203-245.
9. Guerrant, R.L., Van Gilder, T., Steiner, T.S., Thielman, N.M., Slutsker, L., Tauxe, R.V., Hennessy, T., Griffin, P.M., DuPont, H., Sack, R.B., Tarr, P., Neill, M., Nachamkin, I., Reller, L.B., Osterholm, M.T., Bennish, M.L. and Pickering, L.K. (2001) Practice guidelines for the management of infectious diarrhea. Clin. Infect. Dis. 32, 331-351.
10. Gustafsson, A., Baverud, V., Gunnarsson, A., Pringle, J. and Franklin, A. (2004) Study of faecal shedding of Clostridium difficile in horses treated with penicillin. Equine vet. J. 36, 180-182.
11. Gustafsson, A., Baverud, V., Gunnarsson, A., Horn af Rantzien, M.H., Lindholm, A. and Franklin, A. (1997) The association of erythromycin ethylsuccinate with acute colitis in horses in Sweden. Equine vet. J. 29, 314-318.
12. Jang, S.S., Hansen, L.M., Breher, J.E., Riley, D.A., Magdesian, K.G., Madigan, J.E., Tang, Y.J., Silva, J. Jr. and Hirsh, D.C. (1997) Antimicrobial susceptibilities of equine isolates of Clostridium difficile and molecular characterization of metronidazole-resistant strains. Clin. Infect. Dis. 25, Suppl. 2, S266-267.
13. Jones, J.M., Adney, W.S., Alexander, A.F., Shideler, R.K. and Traub-Dargatz, J.L. (1988) Hemorrhagic necrotizing enterocolitis associated with Clostridium difficile infection in four foals. J. Am. vet. med. Ass. 193, 76-79.
14. Jones, R.L., Adney, W.S. and Shideler, R.K. (1987) Isolation of Clostridium difficile and detection of cytotoxin in the feces of diarrheic foals in the absence of antimicrobial treatment. J. clin. Microbiol. 25, 1225-1227.
15. Magdesian, K.G., Hirsh, D.C., Jang, S.S., Hansen, L.M. and Madigan, J.E. (2002) Characterization of Clostridium difficile isolates from foals with diarrhea: 28 cases (1993-1997). J. Am. vet. med. Ass. 220, 67-73.
16. McCusker, M.E., Harris, A.D., Perencevich, E. and Roghmann, M.C. (2003) Fluoroquinolone use and Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 9, 730-733.
17. McGorum, B.C., Dixon, P.M. and Smith, D.G.E. (1998) Use of metronidazole in equine acute idiopathic toxaemic colitis. Vet. Rec. 142, 635-638.
18. Musher, D.M., Aslam, S., Logan, N., Nallacheru, S., Bhaila, I., Borchert, F. and Hamill, R.J. (2005) Relatively poor outcome after treatment of Clostridium difficile colitis with metronidazole. Clin. Infect. Dis. 40, 1586-1590.
19. Pepin, J., Alary, M.E., Valiquette, L., Raiche, E., Ruel, J., Fulop, K., Godin, D. and Bourassa, C. (2005) Increasing risk of relapse after treatment of Clostridium difficile colitis in Quebec, Canada. Clin. Infect. Dis. 40, 1591-1597.
20. Pepin, J., Valiquette, L., Alary, M.E., Villemure, P., Pelletier, A., Forget, K., Pepin, K. and Chouinard, D. (2004) Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea in a region of Quebec from 1991 to 2003: a changing pattern of disease severity. Can. med. Ass. J. 31, 466-472.
21. Spencer, R.C. (1998) The role of antimicrobial agents in the aetiology of Clostridium difficile-associated disease. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 41, Suppl. C, 21-27.
22. Thomas, C., Stevenson, M. and Riley, T.V. (2003) Antibiotics and hospital-acquired Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhoea: a systematic review. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 51, 1339-1350.
23. Weese, J.S., Staempfli, H.R. and Prescott, J.F. (2001) Clostridial colitis in adult horses and foals. Equine vet. J. 33, 403-409.