Apolipoprotein M - A novel player in high-density lipoprotein metabolism and atherosclerosis

Current Opinion in Lipidology

Volumn 17, Issue 3, 2006, Pages 291-295

  Dahlbäck, Björn ^a   Nielsen, Lars B ^b  

^a LUND UNIVERSITY   (Sweden)

^b UNIVERSITY OF COPENHAGEN   (Denmark)

Author keywords

Apolipoprotein; Atherosclerosis; High density lipoprotein; Lipocalin; Lipoproteins

Indexed keywords

APOLIPOPROTEIN M; HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN; LIPOCALIN; LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN RECEPTOR; MEGALIN; SIGNAL PEPTIDE; SMALL INTERFERING RNA;

ADENOVIRUS; ATHEROGENESIS; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; CHOLESTEROL METABOLISM; CHOLESTEROL TRANSPORT; GENE EXPRESSION; GENE SILENCING; GENE STRUCTURE; GENETIC REGULATION; HUMAN; HYDROPHOBICITY; KIDNEY; KIDNEY TUBULE; LIGAND BINDING; LIPOPROTEIN METABOLISM; LIVER; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN BINDING; PROTEIN FAMILY; PROTEIN INTERACTION; PROTEIN STRUCTURE; REVIEW; URINARY EXCRETION;

ANIMALS; APOLIPOPROTEINS; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; HUMANS; KIDNEY;

ADENOVIRIDAE;

EID: 33646859723     PISSN: 09579672     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/01.mol.0000226122.10005.88     Document Type: Review

References (25)

1. Xu N, Dahlback B. A novel human apolipoprotein (apoM). J Biol Chem 1999; 274:31286-31290.
2. Barter PJ, Nicholls S, Rye KA, et al. Antiinflammatory properties of HDL. Circ Res 2004; 95:764-772.
3. Brewer HB Jr. High-density lipoproteins: a new potential therapeutic target for the prevention of cardiovascular disease. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2004; 24:387-391.
4. Brewer HB Jr, Remaley AT, Neufeld EB, et al. Regulation of plasma high-density lipoprotein levels by the ABCA1 transporter and the emerging role of high-density lipoprotein in the treatment of cardiovascular disease. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2004; 24:1755-1760.
5. Rader DJ. High-density lipoproteins as an emerging therapeutic target for atherosclerosis. JAMA 2003; 290:2322-2324.
6. Rye KA, Barter PJ. Formation and metabolism of prebeta-migrating, lipid-poor apolipoprotein A-I. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2004; 24:421-428.
7. Barter PJ, Brewer HB Jr, Chapman MJ, et al. Cholesteryl ester transfer protein: a novel target for raising HDL and inhibiting atherosclerosis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2003; 23:160-167.
8. Blanco-Vaca F, Escola-Gil JC, Martin-Campos JM, Juive J. Role of apoA-II in lipid metabolism and atherosclerosis: advances in the study of an enigmatic protein. J Lipid Res 2001; 42:1727-1739.
9. Castellani LW, Lusis AJ. ApoA-II versus ApoA-I: two for one is not always a good deal. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2001; 21:1870-1872.
10. Schaap FG, Rensen PC, Voshol PJ, et al. ApoAV reduces plasma triglycerides by inhibiting very low density lipoprotein-triglyceride (VLDL-TG) production and stimulating lipoprotein lipase-mediated VLDL-TG hydrolysis. J Biol Chem 2004; 279:27941-27947.
11. Meir KS, Leitersdorf E. Atherosclerosis in the apolipoprotein-E-deficient mouse: a decade of progress. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2004; 24:1006-1014.
12. Sorenson RC, Bisgaier CL, Aviram M, et al. Human serum Paraoxonase/Arylesterase's retained hydrophobic N-terminal leader sequence associates with HDLs by binding phospholipids: apolipoprotein A-I stabilizes activity. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 1999; 19:2214-2225.
13. Faber K, Axler O, Dahlback B, Nielsen LB. Characterization of apoM in normal and genetically modified mice. J Lipid Res 2004; 45:1272-1278.
14. Zhang XY, Dong X, Zheng L, et al. Specific tissue expression and cellular localization of human apolipoprotein M as determined by in situ hybridization. Acta Histochem 2003; 105:67-72.
15. Zhang XY, Jiao GQ, Hurtig M, et al. Expression pattern of apolipoprotein M during mouse and human embryogenesis. Acta Histochem 2004; 106:123-128.
16. Richter S, Shih DQ, Pearson ER, et al. Regulation of apolipoprotein M gene expression by MODY3 gene hepatocyte nuclear factor-1 alpha: haploinsufficiency is associated with reduced serum apolipoprotein M levels. Diabetes 2003; 52:2989-2995.
17. Liang CP, Tall AR. Transcriptional profiling reveals global defects in energy metabolism, lipoprotein, and bile acid synthesis and transport with reversal by leptin treatment in ob/ob mouse liver. J Biol Chem 2001; 276:49066-49076.
18. Xu N, Nilsson-Ehle P, Hurtig M, Ahren B. Both leptin and leptin-receptor are essential for apolipoprotein M expression in vivo. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2004; 321:916-921.
19. Xu N, Zhang XY, Dong X, et al. Effects of platelet-activating factor, tumor necrosis factor, and interleukin-1 alpha on the expression of apolipoprotein M in HepG2 cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2002; 292:944-950.
20. Xu N, Hurtig M, Zhang XY, et al. Transforming growth factor-beta down-regulates apolipoprotein M in HepG2 cells. Biochim Biophys Acta 2004; 1683:33-37.
21. Duan J, Dahlback B, Villoutreix BO. Proposed lipocalin fold for apolipoprotein M based on bioinformatics and site-directed mutagenesis. FEBS Lett 2001; 499:127-132.
22. Bocskei Z, Groom CR, Flower DR, et al. Pheromone binding to two rodent urinary proteins revealed by X-ray crystallography. Nature 1992; 360:186-188.
23. Karlsson H, Leanderson P, Tagesson C, Lindahl M. Lipoproteomios I: mapping of proteins in low-density lipoprotein using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry. Proteomics 2005; 5:551-565. The authors have used 2D gels and mass spectrometry to provide new insight into the apolipoprotein composition of LDL.
24. Wolfrum C, Poy MN, Stoffel M. Apolipoprotein M is required for prebeta-HDL formation and cholesterol efflux to HDL and protects against atherosclerosis. Nat Med 2005; 11:418-422. The authors used siRNA to reduce apoM expression in mice which resulted in the appearance of large HDL and the disappearance of preβ-HDL in plasma. Adenovirus-mediated overexpression of apoM resulted in decreased atherosclerosis in LDL-receptor deficient mice.
25. Faber K, Hvidberg V, Moestrup SK, et al. Megalin is a receptor for apolipoprotein M and kidney-specific megalin-deficiency confers urinary excretion of apolipoprotein M. Mol Endocrinol 2006; 20:212-218. [Epub ahead of print]. The authors demonstrate that apoM is a ligand for megalin in the proximal tubule of the kidney.