Treatment of Recurrent Vaginal, Vulvar, and Cervical Cancer

Gynecologic Cancer: Controversies in Management

Volumn , Issue , 2004, Pages 119-136

  Cardenes, Higinia R ^a   Moore, David H ^b   Long, Harry J ^c,d   Randall, Marcus E ^a  

^a INDIANA UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^b INDIANA UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^c Mayo Clinic   (United States)

^d MAYO CLINIC   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 33646807087     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-443-07142-3.50013-0     Document Type: Chapter

References (110)

1. R Lanciano (1996) Radiotherapy for the treatment of locally recurrent cervical cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst Monogr 21 113-115.
2. FN Rutledge, JP Smith, JT Wharton and AG O'Quinn (1977) Pelvic exenteration: Analysis of 296 patients. Am J Obstet Gynecol 129 881-890.
3. GM Sommers, PW Grigsby, CA Perez, et al. (1989) Outcome of recurrent cervical carcinoma following definitive irradiation. Gynecol Oncol 35 150-155.
4. AH Russell, WJ Koh, K Markette, et al. (1987) Radical re-irradiation for recurrent or second primary carcinoma of the female reproductive tract. Gynecol Oncol 27 226-232.
5. M Hockel, E Baussmann, M Mitze and PG Knapstein (1994) Are pelvic side-wall recurrences of cervical cancer biologically different from central relapses? Cancer 74 648-655.
6. A Maneo, F Landoni, G Cormio, et al. (1999) Concurrent carboplatinum/ 5-fluorouracil and radiotherapy for recurrent cervical carcinoma. Ann Oncol 10 803-807.
7. A Brunschwig (1948) A complete excision of pelvic viscera for advanced carcinoma. Cancer 1 177-183.
8. HM Shingleton, SJ Soong, MS Gelder, et al. (1989) Clinical and histopathologic factors predicting recurrence and survival after pelvic exenteration for cancer of the cervix. Obstet Gynecol 73 1027-1034.
9. WS Roberts, D Cavanagh, SCP Bryson, et al. (1987) Major morbidity after pelvic exenteration: A seven-year experience. Obstet Gynecol 69 617-621.
10. JT Soper, A Berchuck, WT Creasman and DL Clarke-Pearson (1989) Pelvic exenteration: Factors associated with major surgical morbidity. Gynecol Oncol 35 93-98.
11. CR Stanhope and RE Symmonds (1985) Palliative exenteration: What, when, and why? Am J Obstet Gynecol 152 12-16.
12. B Miller, M Morris, F Rutledge, et al. (1993) Aborted exenterative procedures in recurrent cervical cancer. Gynecol Oncol 50 94-99.
13. CR Ratliff, DM Gershenson, M Morris, et al. (1996) Sexual adjustment of patients undergoing gracilis myocutaneous flap vaginal reconstruction in conjunction with pelvic exenteration. Cancer 78 2229-2235.
14. R Mirhashemi, HE Averette, R Estape, et al. (2000) Low colorectal anastomosis after radical pelvic surgery: A risk factor analysis. Am J Obstet Gynecol 183 1375-1379.
15. A Husain, J Curtin, C Brown, et al. (2000) Continent urinary diversion and low-rectal anastomosis in patients undergoing exenterative procedures for recurrent gynecologic malignancies. Gynecol Oncol 78 208-211.
16. S Rutledge, MS Carey, H Prichard, et al. (1994) Conservative surgery for recurrent or persistent carcinoma of the cervix following irradiation: Is exenteration always necessary? Gynecol Oncol 52 353-359.
17. SC Rubin, WJ Hoskins and JL Lewis (1987) Radical hysterectomy for recurrent cervical cancer following radiation therapy. Gynecol Oncol 27 316-322.
18. CR Wheeless Jr (1992) Recent advances in surgical reconstruction of the gynecologic cancer patient. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol 4 91-101.
19. JB McCraw, FM Massey, KD Shanklin and CE Horton (1976) Vaginal reconstruction with gracilis myocutaneous flaps. Plast Reconstr Surg 58 176-183.
20. TW Burke, M Morris, MS Roh, et al. (1995) Perineal reconstruction using single gracilis myocutaneous flaps. Gynecol Oncol 57 221-225.
21. JT Soper, D Larson, VJ Hunter, et al. (1989) Short gracilis myocutaneous flaps for vulvovaginal reconstruction after radical pelvic surgery. Obstet Gynecol 74 823-827.
22. JT Soper, G Rodriguez, A Berchuck and DL Clarke-Pearson (1995) Long and short gracilis myocutaneous flaps for vulvovaginal reconstruction after radical pelvic surgery: Comparison of flap-specific complications. Gynecol Oncol 56 271-275.
23. KD Hatch (1984) Construction of a neovagina after exenteration using the vulvobulbocavernosus myocutaneous graft. Obstet Gynecol 63 110-114.
24. S Luo, W Raffoul, F Piaget and DV Egloff (2000) Anterolateral thigh fascio-cutaneous flap in the difficult perineogenital reconstruction. Plast Reconstr Surg 105 171-173.
25. SH Pursell, TG Day Jr and GR Tobin (1990) Distally based rectus abdominis flap for reconstruction in radical gynecologic procedures. Gynecol Oncol 37 234-238.
26. AP Zbar, H Nishikawa and M BeerGabel (2001) Vertical rectus abdominis myocutaneous transposition flap for total pelvic exenteration in recurrent vulvar carcinoma invading the anus. Tech Coloproctol 5 66.
27. JW Carlson, JR Carter, AK Saltzman, et al. (1996) Gynecologic reconstruction with a rectus abdominis myocutaneous flap: An update. Gynecol Oncol 61 364-368.
28. M Rietjens, A Maggioni, L Bocciolone, et al. (2002) Vaginal reconstruction after extended radical pelvic surgery for cancer: Comparison of two techniques. Plast Reconstr Surg 109 1592-1597.
29. M Jurado, A Bazan, J Elejabeitia, et al. (2000) Primary vaginal and pelvic floor reconstruction at the time of pelvic exenteration: A study of morbidity. Gynecol Oncol 77 293-297.
30. RJ Cardosi, MS Hoffman and D Greenwald (2002) Rectus femoris myocutaneous flap for vulvoperineal reconstruction. Gynecol Oncol 85 188-191.
31. W Chafe, WC Fowler, LA Walton and JL Currie (1983) Radical vulvectomy with use of tensor fascia lata myocutaneous flap. Am J Obstet Gynecol 145 207-213.
32. BA Judge, J Garcia-Aguilar and GH Landis (2000) Modification of the gluteal perforator-based flap for reconstruction of the posterior vagina. Dis Colon Rectum 43 1020-1022.
33. TR Loree, RE Hempling, GH Eltabbakh, et al. (1997) The inferior gluteal flap in the difficult vulvar and perineal reconstruction. Gynecol Oncol 66 429-434.
34. EM Bricker (1950) Bladder substitution after pelvic evisceration. Surg Clin North Am 30 1511-1521.
35. JW Orr, HM Shingleton, KD Hatch, et al. (1982) Urinary diversion in patients undergoing pelvic exenteration. Am J Obstet Gynecol 142 883-889.
36. CR Stanhope, RE Symmonds, RA Lee, et al. (1986) Urinary diversion with use of ileal and sigmoid conduits. Am J Obstet Gynecol 155 288-292.
37. EM Segreti, M Morris, C Levenback, et al. (1996) Transverse colon urinary diversion in gynecologic oncology. Gynecol Oncol 63 66-70.
38. KC Hancock, LJ Copeland, DM Gershenson, et al. (1986) Urinary conduits in gynecologic oncology. Obstet Gynecol 67 680-684.
39. NG Kock, AE Nilson, LO Nilson, et al. (1982) Urinary diversion via a continent ileal reservoir: Clinical results in 12 patients. J Urol 128 469-475.
40. GR Rowland, ME Mitchell, R Bihrle, et al. (1987) Indiana continent urinary reservoir. J Urol 137 1136-1139.
41. R Angioli, R Estape, G Cantuaria, et al. (1998) Urinary complications of Miami pouch: Trend of conservative management. Am J Obstet Gynecol 179 343-348.
42. PT Ramirez, SC Modesitt, M Morris, et al. (2002) Functional outcomes and complications of continent urinary diversions in patients with gynecologic malignancies. Gynecol Oncol 85 285-291.
43. JW Thuroff, P Alken, N Riedmiller, et al. (1986) The Mainz pouch (mixed augmentation ileum and cecum) for bladder augmentation and bladder diversion. J Urol 136 17-26.
44. J Leissner, P Black, M Fisch, et al. (2000) Colon pouch (Mainz pouch III) for continent urinary diversion after pelvic irradiation. Urology 56 798-802.
45. S Ciatto, L Pirtoli and L Cionini (1980) Radiotherapy for postoperative failures of carcinoma of cervix uteri. Surg Gynecol Obstet 151 621-624.
46. ME Potter, RD Alvarez, FL Gay, et al. (1990) Optimal therapy for pelvic recurrence after radical hysterectomy for early-stage cervical cancer. Gynecol Oncol 37 74-77.
47. T Ijaz, PJ Eifel, T Burke and MJ Oswald (1998) Radiation therapy of pelvic recurrence after radical hysterectomy for cervical carcinoma. Gynecol Oncol 70 241-246.
48. H Ito, N Shigematsu, T Kawada, et al. (1997) Radiotherapy for centrally recurrent cervical cancer of the vaginal stump following hysterectomy. Gynecol Oncol 67 154-161.
49. BJ Monk, JL Walker, KS Tewari, et al. (1994) Open interstitial brachytherapy for the treatment of local-regional recurrences of uterine corpus and cervix cancer after primary surgery. Gynecol Oncol 52 222-228.
50. ME Randall, L Evans, KM Greven, et al. (1993) Interstitial re-irradiation for recurrent gynecological malignancies: Results and analysis of prognostic factors. Gynecol Oncol 48 23-31.
51. X Wang, S Cai, Y Ding and K Wei (1998) Treatment of late recurrent vaginal malignancy after initial radiotherapy for carcinoma of the cervix: An analysis of 73 cases. Gynecol Oncol 69 125-129.
52. H Blomgren, I Lax, H Goranson, et al. (1998) Radiosurgery of tumors in the body: Clinical experience using a new method. J Radiosurg 1 63-74.
53. M Morris, PJ Eifel, JL Lu, et al. (1999) Pelvic radiation with concurrent chemotherapy compared with pelvic and para-aortic radiation for high-risk cervical cancer. N Engl J Med 340 1137-1143.
54. PG Rose, BN Bundy, EB Watkins, et al. (1999) Concurrent cisplatin-based chemotherapy and radiotherapy for locally advanced cervical cancer. N Engl J Med 340 1144-1153.
55. CW Whitney, W Sause, BN Bundy, et al. (1999) Randomized comparison of fluorouracil plus cisplatin versus hydroxyurea as an adjunct to radiation therapy in stage IIB-IVA carcinoma of the cervix with negative para-aortic lymph nodes: A Gynecologic Oncology Group and Southwest Oncology Group Study. J Clin Oncol 17 1339-1348.
56. HM Keys, BN Bundy, FB Stehman, et al. (1999) Cisplatin, radiation and adjuvant hysterectomy compared with radiation and adjuvant hysterectomy for bulky stage IB cervical carcinoma. N Engl J Med 340 1154-1161.
57. CJ Wang, CH Lai, HJ Huang, et al. (1999) Recurrent cervical carcinoma after primary radical surgery. Am J Obstet Gynecol 181 518-524.
58. GM Thomas, AJ Dembo, B Black, et al. (1987) Concurrent radiation and chemotherapy for carcinoma of the cervix recurrent after radical surgery. Gynecol Oncol 27 254-263.
59. A Cerrotta, G Gardan, R Cavina, et al. (2002) Concurrent radiotherapy and weekly paclitaxel for locally advanced or recurrent squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix: A pilot study with intensification of the dose. Eur J Gynaecol Oncol 23 115-119.
60. GW Morley, MP Hopkins, SM Lindenauer and JA Roberts (1989) Pelvic exenteration, University of Michigan: 100 patients at 5 years. Obstet Gynecol 74 934-943.
61. HM Shingleton, SJ Soong, MS Gelder, et al. (1989) Clinical and histopathological factors predicting recurrence and survival after pelvic exenteration for cancer of the cervix. Obstet Gynecol 73 1027-1034.
62. HE Averette, M Lichtinger, BU Sevin and RE Girtanner (1984) Pelvic exenteration: A 15-year experience in a general metropolitan hospital. Am J Obstet Gynecol 150 179-184.
63. MA Mahe, JP Gerard, JB Dubois, et al. (1996) Intraoperative radiation therapy in recurrent carcinoma of the uterine cervix: Report of the French Intraoperative Group on 70 patients. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 34 21-26.
64. R Martinez-Monge, M Jurado, I Azinovic, et al. (1997) Preoperative chemoradiation and adjuvant surgery in locally advanced or recurrent cervical carcinoma. Rev Med Univ Navarra 41 19-26.
65. GR Garton, LL Gunderson, MJ Webb, et al. (1997) Intraoperative radiation therapy in gynecologic cancer: Update of the experience at a single institution. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 37 839-843.
66. M Abe and Y Shibamoto (1996) The usefulness of intraoperative radiation therapy in the treatment of pelvic recurrence of cervical cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 34 513-514.
67. ML Gemignani, KM Alektiar, M Leitao, et al. (2001) Radical surgical resection and high-dose intraoperative radiation therapy (HDR-IORT) in patients with gynecologic cancers. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 50 687-694.
68. MG Haddock, IA Petersen, MJ Webb, et al. (1997) IORT for locally advanced gynecological malignancies. Front Radiat Ther Oncol 31 256-259.
69. M Hockel, K Schlenger, H Hamm, et al. (1996) Five-year experience with combined operative and radiotherapeutic treatment of recurrent gynecologic tumors infiltrating the pelvic wall. Cancer 77 1918-1933.
70. AK Gupta, FA Vicini, AJ Frazier, et al. (1999) Iridium-192 transperineal interstitial brachytherapy for locally advanced or recurrent gynecological malignancies. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 43 1055-1060.
71. B Piura, A Masotina, J Murdoch, et al. (1993) Recurrent squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva: A study of 73 cases. Gynecol Oncol 48 189-195.
72. MP Hopkins, GC Reid and GW Morley (1990) The surgical management of recurrent squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva. Obstet Gynecol 75 1001-1005.
73. AS Tilmans, GP Sutton, KY Look, et al. (1992) Recurrent squamous carcinoma of the vulva. Am J Obstet Gynecol 167 1383-1389.
74. WJ Spanos, C Guse, CA Perez, et al. (1989) Phase II study of multiple daily fractionations in the palliation of advanced pelvic malignancies: Preliminary report of the RTOG 85-02. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 17 659-662.
75. WJ Spanos, CA Perez, S Marcus, et al. (1993) Effect of rest interval on tumor and normal tissue response: A report of Phase III study of accelerated split-course palliative radiation for advanced pelvic malignancies (RTOG 85-02). Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 25 399-403.
76. PW Grigsby, ML Vest and CA Perez (1993) Recurrent carcinoma of the cervix exclusively in the paraaortic nodes following radiation therapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 28 451-455.
77. P Bonomi, JA Blessing, FB Stehman, et al. (1985) Randomized trial of three cisplatin dose schedules in squamous-cell carcinoma of the cervix: A Gynecologic Oncology Group study. Journ Clin Oncol 3 1079-1085.
78. J Arsenau, JA Blessing, FB Stehman and R McGhee (1986) A phase II study of carboplatin in advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix: A Gynecologic Oncology Group study. Investigational New Drugs 4 187-191.
79. WP McGuire, JA Blessing, D Moore, et al. (1996) Paclitaxel has moderate activity in squamous cervix cancer: A Gynecologic Group study. Journ Clin Oncol 14 792-795.
80. EV Hannigan, TV Dinh and MG Doherty (1991) Ifosfamide with mesna in squamous carcinoma of the cervix: Phase II results in patients with advanced or recurrent disease. Gynecol Oncol 43 123-128.
81. PG Rose, JA Blessing, DM Gershenson and R McGehee (1999) Paclitaxel and cisplatin as first-line therapy in recurrent or advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix: A Gynecologic Oncology Group study. J Clin Oncol 17 2676-2680.
82. MS Piver, SA Ghamande, GH Eltabbakh and C O'Neill-Coppola (1999) First-line chemotherapy with paclitaxel and platinum for advanced and recurrent cancer of the cervix: A phase II study. Gynecol Oncol 75 334-337.
83. CA Papadimitriou, K Sarris, LA Moulopoulos, et al. (1999) Phase II trial of paclitaxel and cisplatin in metastatic and recurrent carcinoma of the uterine cervix. J Clin Oncol 17 761-766.
84. JC Cervellino, CE Araujo, O Sanchez, et al. (1995) Cisplatin and ifosfamide in patients with advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix: A phase II trial. Acta Oncol 34 257-259.
85. H Kuhnle, HG Meerpohl, W Eiermann, et al. (1990) Phase II study of carboplatin/ifosfamide in untreated advanced cervical cancer. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 26(Suppl), S33-S35.
86. S Pignata, G Silvestro, E Ferrari, et al. (1999) Phase II study of cisplatin and vinorelbine as first-line chemotherapy in patients with carcinoma of the uterine cervix. J Clin Oncol 17 756-760.
87. RE Coleman, JM Clarke, ML Slevin, et al. (1990) A phase II study of ifosfamide and cisplatin chemotherapy for metastatic or relapsed carcinoma of the cervix. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 27 52-54.
88. A Duenas-Gonzalez, C Lopez-Graniel, A Gonzalez, et al. (2001) A phase II study of gemcitabine and cisplatin combination as induction chemotherapy for untreated locally advanced cervical carcinoma. Ann Oncol 12 541-547.
89. A Duenas-Gonzalez, LM Hinojosa-Garcia, C Lopez-Graniel, et al. (2001) Weekly cisplatin/low-dose gemcitabine combination for advanced and recurrent cervical carcinoma. Am J Clin Oncol 24 201-203.
90. AF Burnett, LD Roman, AA Garcia, et al. (2000) A phase II study of gemcitabine and cisplatin in patients with advanced, persistent, or recurrent squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix. Gynecol Oncol 76 63-66.
91. T Sugiyama, M Yakushiji, K Noda, et al. (2000) Phase II study of irinotecan and cisplatin as first-line chemotherapy in advanced or recurrent cervical cancer. Oncology 58 31-37.
92. T Sugiyama, T Nishida, S Kumagai, et al. (1999) Combination therapy with irinotecan and cisplatin as neoadjuvant chemotherapy in locally advanced cervical cancer. Br J Cancer 81 95-98.
93. EJ Buxton, CA Meanwell, C Hilton, et al. (1989) Combination bleomycin, ifosfamide, and cisplatin chemotherapy in cervical cancer. J Nat Cancer Inst 81 359-361.
94. K Ramm, IB Vergote, J Kaern and CG Trope (1992) Bleomycin-ifosfamidecis-platinum (BIP) in pelvic recurrence of previously irradiated cervical carcinoma: A second look. Gynecol Oncol 46 203-207.
95. JD Bloss, JA Blessing, BC Behrens, et al. (2001) Randomized trial of cisplatin and ifosfamide versus cisplatin, ifosfamide, and bleomycin in advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix: A Gynecologic Oncology Group study. Abstract 49. Gynecol Oncol 80 289.
96. G Zanetta, F Fei, G Parma, et al. (1999) Paclitaxel, ifosfamide and cisplatin (TIP) chemotherapy for recurrent or persistent squamous-cell cervical cancer. Ann Oncol 10 1171-1174.
97. HJ Long 3rd, WG Cross, HS Wieand, et al. (1995) Phase II trial of methotrexate, vinblastine, doxorubicin, and cisplatin in advanced/recurrent carcinoma of the uterine cervix and vagina. Gynecol Oncol 57 235-239.
98. CA Papadimitriou, MA Dimopoulos, N Giannakoulis, et al. (1997) A phase II trial of methotrexate, vinblastine, doxorubicin, and cisplatin in the treatment of metastatic carcinoma of the uterine cervix. Cancer 79 2391-2395.
99. DS Alberts, PW Martimbeau, EA Surwit and N Oishi (1981) Mitomycin-C, bleomycin, vincristine, and cis-platinum in the treatment of advanced, recurrent squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix. Cancer Clinical Trials 4 313-316.
100. GJ Rustin, ES Newlands, BM Southcott and A Singer (1987) Cisplatin, vincristine, methotrexate and bleomycin (POMB) as initial or palliative chemotherapy for carcinoma of the cervix. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 94 1205-1211.
101. SA Weiner, S Aristizabal, DS Alberts, et al. (1988) A phase II trial of mitomycin, vincristine, bleomycin, and cisplatin (MOBP) as neoadjuvant therapy in high-risk cervical carcinoma. Gynecol Oncol 30 1-6.
102. H Sugimori, T Iwasaka, K Fukuda, et al. (1989) Treatment of advanced cervical cancer by a combination of pepleomycin, vincristine, mitomycin-C, and cisplatin. Gynecol Oncol 34 180-182.
103. Y Shimizu, F Akiyama, S Umezawa, et al. (1998) Combination of consecutive low-dose cisplatin with bleomycin, vincristine, and mitomycin for recurrent cervical carcinoma. J Clin Oncol 16 1869-1878.
104. L Kumar, YH Pokharel, S Kumar, et al. (1998) Single agent versus combination chemotherapy in recurrent cervical cancer. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 24 401-409.
105. GA Omura, JA Blessing, L Vaccarello, et al. (1977) Randomized trial of cisplatin versus cisplatin plus mitolactol versus cisplatin plus ifosfamide in advanced carcinoma of the cervix: A Gynecologic Oncology Group study. J Clin Oncol 15 165-171.
106. AA Sabir, GG Khoury, CA Joslin and C Head (1989) Treatment of recurrent metastatic carcinoma of cervix: A comparison of low dose methotrexate with adriamycin and methotrexate. Clin Oncol (RCollRadiol) 1 70-74.
107. JH Edmonson, PS Johnson, HS Wieand, et al. (1988) Phase II studies of bleomycin, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and cisplatin and bleomycin and cisplatin in advanced cervical carcinoma. Am J Clin Oncol 11 149-151.
108. DH Moore, RP McQuellon, JA Blessing, et al. (2001) A randomized phase III study of cisplatin versus cisplatin plus paclitaxel in stage IVB, recurrent or persistent squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix: A Gynecologic Oncology Group study. Abstract 801. Proc ASCO 20 201a.
109. JT Thigpen, JA Blessing, HD Homesley, et al. (1986) Phase II trial of cisplatin in advanced or recurrent cancer of the vagina: A Gynecologic Oncology Group study. Gynecol Oncol 23 101-104.
110. HB Muss, BN Bundy and WA Christopherson (1989) Mitoxantrone in the treatment of advanced vulvar and vaginal carcinoma: A Gynecologic Oncology Group study. Am J Clin Oncol 12 142-144.