Emerging therapies for the treatment and prevention of otitis media

Expert Opinion on Emerging Drugs

Volumn 11, Issue 2, 2006, Pages 251-264

  Aliphas, Avner ^a   Prufer, Neil ^b   Grundfast, Kenneth M ^a  

^a BOSTON MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

^b SUNY DOWNSTATE MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

Acute otitis media; Amoxicillin; Antibiotics; Azithromycin; Biofilm; Ceftriaxone; Fluoroquinolones; Influenza vaccine; Laser eustachian tuboplasty; Otitis media; Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine; Pneumococcal vaccine; Telithromycin

Indexed keywords

AMOXICILLIN; AMOXICILLIN PLUS CLAVULANIC ACID; ANALGESIC AGENT; ANTIHISTAMINIC AGENT; ANTIINFECTIVE AGENT; AZITHROMYCIN; BETA LACTAM ANTIBIOTIC; CEFDINIR; CEFTRIAXONE; CEPHALOSPORIN DERIVATIVE; CIPROFLOXACIN; COTRIMOXAZOLE; DECONGESTIVE AGENT; DEXAMETHASONE; GATIFLOXACIN; HEPATITIS VACCINE; INFLUENZA VACCINE; KETOLIDE; MACROLIDE; MENINGOCOCCUS VACCINE; OFLOXACIN; PENICILLIN G; PNEUMOCOCCUS VACCINE; POLYSACCHARIDE VACCINE; PROBIOTIC AGENT; QUINOLINE DERIVED ANTIINFECTIVE AGENT; TELITHROMYCIN; UNINDEXED DRUG; VIRUS VACCINE; XYLITOL;

ACUTE OTITIS MEDIA; ADENOIDECTOMY; ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE; ANTIBIOTIC THERAPY; BIOEQUIVALENCE; CHEMOPROPHYLAXIS; CLINICAL TRIAL; DIARRHEA; DRUG BINDING; DRUG DEVELOPMENT; DRUG MECHANISM; DRUG SYNTHESIS; EPISTAXIS; HUMAN; META ANALYSIS; OTALGIA; RECURRENCE RISK; RECURRENT DISEASE; REVIEW; SALPINGOPLASTY; SURGICAL TECHNIQUE; SYSTEMATIC REVIEW; TREATMENT FAILURE; TYMPANOSTOMY TUBE; UNSPECIFIED SIDE EFFECT;

ANTI-BACTERIAL AGENTS; DRUGS, INVESTIGATIONAL; HUMANS; OTITIS MEDIA; PNEUMOCOCCAL VACCINES;

EID: 33646574333     PISSN: 14728214     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1517/14728214.11.2.251     Document Type: Review

References (101)

1. TEELE DW, KLEIN JO, ROSNER B: Epidemiology of otitis media during the first seven years of life in children in greater Boston: a prospective, cohort study. J. Infect. Dis. (1989) 160:83-94.
2. GATES GA: Cost-effectiveness considerations in otitis media treatment. Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg. (1996) 114:525-530.
3. STOOL SE, FIELD MJ: The impact of otitis media. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. (1989) 8(1 Suppl.):S11-S14.
4. BONDY J, BERMAN S, GLAZNER J, LEZOTTE D: Direct expenditures related to otitis media diagnoses: extrapolations from a pediatric Medicaid cohort. Pediatrics (2000) 105(6):E72.
5. PICHICHERO ME, POOLE MD: Comparison of performance by otolaryngologists, pediatricians, and general practioners on an otoendoscopic diagnostic video examination. Int. J. Pediatr. Otorhinolaryngol. (2005) 69(3):361-366.
6. SPIRO DM, KING WD, ARNOLD DH, JOHNSTON C, BALDWIN S: A randomized clinical trial to assess the effects of tympanometry on the diagnosis and treatment of otitis media. Pediatrics (2004) 114:177-181.
7. CHERRY DK, WOODWELL DA: National ambulatory medical care survey: 2000 summary. Adv. Data (2002) 328:1-32.
8. MCCAIG LF, BESSER RE, HUGHES JM: Trends in antimicrobial prescribing rates for children and adolescents. JAMA (2002) 287:3096-3102.
9. PICHICHERO ME: First-line treatment of acute otitis media. In: Advanced therapy of otitis media. CM Alper, CD Bluestone, ML Casselbrant et al. (Eds.), BC Decker Inc, Ontario, Canada (2004):32-38.
10. WEBER SM, GRUNDFAST KM: Modern management of acute otitis media. Pediatr. Clin. N. Am. (2003) 50:399-411.
11. PIGLANSKY L, LEIBOVITZ E, RAIZ S et al.: Bacteriologic and clinical efficacy of high dose amoxicillin for therapy of acute oritis media in children. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. (2003) 22(5):405-412.
12. GLASZIOU PP, DEL MAR CB, SANDERS SL, HAYEM M: Antibiotics for acute otitis media in children. The Cochrane Collaboration (2005) 2.
13. AMERICAN ACADEMY OF PEDIATRICS SUBCOMMITTEE ON MANAGEMENT OF ACUTE OTITIS MEDIA: Diagnosis and management of acute otitis media. Pediatrics (2004) 113(5):1451-1465.
14. The current clinical practice guidelines for AOM in the US.
15. SIEGEL RM, KIELY M, BIEN JP et al.: Treatment of otitis media with observation and a saftey-net antibiotics prescription. Pediatrics (2003) 112:527-531.
16. TOS M: Epidemiology and natural history of secretory otitis. Am. J. Otol. (1984) 5:459-462.
17. AMERICAN ACADEMY OF PEDIATRICS SUBCOMMITTEE ON OTITIS MEDIA WITH EFFUSION: Clinical practice guideline: otitis media with effusion. Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg. (2004) 130(5 Suppl.):S95-S118.
18. The current clinical practice guidelines for OME in the US.
19. THE OTITIS MEDIA GUIDELINE PANEL: Practice guidelines for managing otitis media with effusion in young children. Pediatrics (1994) 94(5):766-773.
20. ROSENFELD RM, POST JC: Meta-analysis of antibiotics for the treatment of otitis media with effusion. Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg. (1992) 106:378-386.
21. MANDEL EM, ROCKETTE HE, BLUESTONE CD et al.: Efficacy of amoxicillin with and without decongestant-antihistamine for otitis media with effusion in children: results of a double-blind, randomized trial. N. Engl. J. Med. (1987) 316:432-437.
22. ROSENFELD RM: Antibiotics for otitis media with effusion. In: Advanced therapy of otitis media. CM Alper, CD Bluestone, ML Casselbrant et al. (Eds.), BC Decker Inc, Ontario, Canada (2004):175-179.
23. CANTEKIN EI, MANDEL EM, BLUESTONE CD et al.: Lack of efficacy of a decongestant-antihistamine combination for otitis media with effusion: results of a double-blind, randomized trial. N. Engl. J. Med. (1983) 308:297-301.
24. Changed the treatment of OME.
25. ROSENFELD RM, MANDEL EM, BLUESTONE CD: Systemic steroids for otitis media with effusion in children. Arch. Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg. (1991) 117:984-989.
26. ROBERTS JE: Effects of otitis media on children's speech and language. In: Advanced therapy of otitis media. CM Alper, CD Bluestone, ML Casselbrant et al. (Eds.), BC Decker Inc, Ontario, Canada (2004):425-430.
27. ROBERTS JE, ROSENFELD RM, ZEISEL SA: Otitis media and speech and language: a meta-analysis of prospective studies. Pediatrics (2004) 113(1):e238-e248.
28. LE SAUX N, GABOURY I, BAIRD M et al.: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled noninferiority trial of amoxicillin for clinically diagnosed acute otitis media in children 6 months to 5 years of age. CMAJ (2005) 172(3):335-341.
29. TAKATA GS, CHAN LS, SHEKELLE P, MORTON SC, MASON W, MARCY SM: Evidence assessment of management of acute otitis media: the role of antibiotics in treatment of uncomplicated acute otitis media. Pediatrics (2001) 108:239-247.
30. ARGUEDAS A, EMPARANZA P, SCHWARTZ RH et al.: A randomized, multicenter, double blind, double dummy trial of single dose azithromycin versus high dose amoxicillin for treatment of uncomplicated acute otitis media. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. (2005) 24(2):153-161.
31. ARRIETA A, ARGUEDAS A, FERNANDEZ P et al.: High-dose azithromycin versus high-dose amoxicillin-clavulanate for treatment of children with recurrent or persistent acute otitis media. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. (2003) 47(10):3179-3186.
32. WANG CY, LU CY, HSIEH YC, LEE CY, HUANG LM: Intramuscular ceftriaxone in comparison with oral amoxicillin-clavulanate for the treatment of acute otitis media in infants and children. J. Microbiol. Immunol. Infect. (2004) 37:57-62.
33. DAMOISEAUX RAMJ, VAN BALEN FAM: Duration of clinical symptoms in children under two years of age with acute otitis media. Eur. J. Gen. Pract. (2000) 6:48-51.
34. LEIBERMAN A, LEIBOVITZ E, PIGLANSKY L et al.: Bacteriologic and clinical efficacy of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole for treatment of acute otitis media. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. (2001) 20:260-264.
35. RUOHOLA A, HEIKKINEN T, MEURMAN O, PUHAKKA T, LINDBLAD N, RUUSKANEN O: Antibiotic treatment of acute otorrhea through tympanostomy tube: randomized double-blind placebo controlled study with daily follow-up. Pediatrics (2003) 111:1061-1067.
36. GOLDBLATT EL, DOHAR J, NOZZA RJ et al.: Topical ofloxacin versus systemic amoxicillin/clavulanate in purulent otorrhea in children with tympanostomy tubes. Int. J. Pediatr. Otorhinolaryngol. (1998) 48:91-101.
37. ROLAND PS, KREISLER LS, REESE B et al.: Topical ciprofloxacin/ dexamethasone otic suspension is superior to ofloxacin otic solution in the treatment of children with acute otitis media with otorrhea through tympanostomy tubes. Pediatrics (2004). 113:e40-e46.
38. ROLAND PS, PONTIUS A, MICHAEL WALL G, WAYCASTER CR: Cost threshold analysis for ciprofloxacin/dexamethasone versus ofloxacin for acute otitis media in pediatric patients with tympanostomy tubes. Clin. Ther. (2004). 26(7):1168-1178.
39. ROLAND PS, DOHAR JE, LANIER BJ et al.; CIPRODEX AOMT STUDY GROUP: Topical ciprofloxacin/dexamethasone otic suspension is superior to ofloxacin otic solution in the treatment of granulation tissue in children with acute otitis media with otorrhea through tympanostomy tubes. Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg. (2004) 130(6):736-741.
40. SANZ E, HERNANDEZ MA, KUMARI M et al.: Pharmacological treatment of acute otitis media in children. A comparison among seven locations: Tenerife, Barcelona and Valencia (Spain), Toulouse (France), Smolensk (Russia), Bratislava (Slovakia) and Sofia (Bulgaria). Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol. (2004) 60:37-43.
41. PRIM ESPADA MP, DE DIEGO SASTRE JI, ALFONSO CARRILLO C, SASTRE BATICON N: Predictive factors of efficacy in antimicrobial prophylaxis for acute recurrent otitis media. Anales Espanoles de Pediatria. (2002) 56(3):204-207.
42. TEELE DW, KLEIN JO, WORD BM et al.: Antimicrobial prophylaxis for infants at risk for recurrent acute otitis media. Vaccine (2001) 19:S140-S143.
43. KLEIN JO: Antimicrobial prophylaxis for recurrent acute otitis media. Pediatr. Ann. (1984) 13:398-403.
44. DE DIEGO JI, PRIM MP, ALFONSO C, SASTRE N, RABANAL I, GAVILAN J: Comparison of amoxicillin and azithromycin in the prevention of recurrent acute otitis media. Int. J. Pediatr. Otorhinolaryngol. (2001) 58(1):47-51.
45. AUTRET-LECA E, GIRAUDEAU B, PLOYET MJ, JONVILLE-BERRA AP: Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid and placebo is ineffective at preventing otitis media in children with presumed viral upper respiratory infection: a randomized, double-blind equivalence, placebo-controlled trial. Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol. (2002) 54(6):652-656.
46. FLYNN CA, GRIFFIN GH, SCHULTZ JK: Decongestants and antihistamines for acute otitis media in children. Cochrane Database Syst. Rev. (2004) 3:CD001727.
47. DARROW DH, SIEMENS C: Indications for tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy. Laryngoscope (2002) 112:6-10.
48. BLUESTONE CD: Role of surgery for otitis media in the era of resistant bacteria. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. (1998) 17(11):1090-1098.
49. HAMMAREN-MALMI S, SAXEN H, TARKKANEN J, MATTILA PS: Adenoidectomy does not significantly reduce the incidence of otitis media in conjunction with the insertion of tympanostomy tubes in children who are younger than 4 years: a randomized trial. Pediatrics (2005) 116:185-189.
50. BLUMER JL: Fundamental basis for rational therapeutics in acute otitis media. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. (1999) 18(12):1130-1140.
51. DOERN GV, BRUEGGEMANN A, HOLLEY HP, RAUCH AM: Antimicrobial resistance of Streptococcus pneumoniae recovered from outpatients in the United States during the winter months of 1994 to 1995: results of a 30-center national surveillance study. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. (1996) 40:1208-1213.
52. DAGAN R, ARGUEDAS A, SCHAAD UB: Potential role of fluoroquinolone therapy in childhood otitis media. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. (2004) 23(5):390-398.
53. LEIBOVITZ E, PIGLANSKY L, RAIZ S et al.: Bacteriologic and clinical efficacy of oral gatifloxacin for the treatment of recurrent/nonresponsive acute otitis media: an open label, noncomparative, double tympanocentesis study. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. (2003) 22:943-949.
54. FUNG-TOMC J, MINASSIAN B, KOKEK B: In vitro antibacterial spectrum of a new broad-spectrum 8-methoxy fluoroquinolone, gatifloxacin. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. (2000) 45:437-446.
55. ASAKA T, MANAKA A, SUGIYAMA H: Recent developments in macrolide antimicrobial research. Curr. Top. Med. Chem. (2003) 3(9):961-989.
56. BROOK I, GOBER AE: Antimicrobial resistance in the nasopharyngeal flora of children with acute otitis media and otitis media recurring after amoxicillin therapy. J. Med. Microbiol. (2005) 54:83-85.
57. SAKAKURA K, CHIKAMATSU K, FURUKAWA M et al.: Acute otitis media caused by drug-resistant bacteria: correlation with antibiotic treatment. Acta Otolaryngol. (2004) 124:1008-1014.
58. HOTOMI M, BILLAL DS, SHIMADA J et al.: Increase of macrolide-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae-expressing mefe or ermb gene in the nasopharynx among children with otitis media. Laryngoscope (2005) 115:317-320.
59. CASEY JR, PICHICHERO ME: Changes in frequency and pathogens causing acute otitis media in 1995-2003. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. (2004) 23(9):824-828.
60. WESTMAN E, LUNDIN S, HERMANSSON A, MELHUS A: β-lactamase-producing nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae fails to protect Streptococcus pneumoniae from amoxicillin during experimental acute otitis media. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. (2004) 48(9):3536-3542.
61. RENNEBERG J, WALDER M: The role of β-lactamase in mixed infections in mice in relation to treatment with ampicillin. J. Infect. Dis. (1989) 160(2):337-341.
62. LEIBOVITZ E, PIGLANSKY L, RAIZ S et al.: Bacteriologic and clinical efficacy of oral gatifloxacin for the treatment of recurrent/nonresponsive acute otitis media: an open label, noncomparative, double tympanocentesis study. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. (2003) 22:943-949.
63. BLOCK SL, BUSMAN TA, PARIS MM, BUKOFZER S: Comparison of five-day cefdinir treatment with ten-day low dose amoxicillin/clavulanate for acute otitis media. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. (2004) 23(9):834-838.
64. BROOK I: Use of oral cephalosporins in the treatment of acute otitis media in children. Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents (2004) 24:18-23.
65. DOUTHWAITE S, CHAMPNEY WS: Structures of ketolides and macrolides determine their mode of interaction with the ribosomal target site. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. (2001) 48(Suppl. B):1-8.
66. WALSH F, CARNEGY F, WILLCOCK J, AMYES S: Comparative in vitro activity of telithromycin against macrolide-resistant and -susceptible Streptococcus pneumoniae, Moraxella catarrhalis and Haemophilus influenzae. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. (2004) 53(5):793-796.
67. JORGENSEN JH, CRAWFORD SA, MCELMEEL ML, WHITNEY CG: Activities of cethromycin and telithromycin against recent North American isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. (2004) 48(2):605-607.
68. ROOS K, BRUNSWIG PITSCHNER C, KOSTRICA R: Efficacy and tolerability of a 5-day course of a new ketolide antimicrobial, telithromycin (HMR 3647), for the treatment of acute sinusitis. 40th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. Toronto, Canada (2000).
69. HOBERMAN A, PARADISE JL, GREENBERG DP, WALD ER, KEARNEY DH, COLBORN DK: Penicillin susceptibility of pneumococcal isolates causing acute otitis media in children; seasonal variation. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. (2005)24(2):115-120.
70. UHARI M, TAPIAINEN T, KONTIOKARI T: Xylitol in preventing acute otitis media. Vaccine (2000) 19(1):S144-S147.
71. ROOS K, HAKANSSON EG, HOLM S: Effect of recolonisation with 'interfering' α-streptococci on recurrences of acute and secretory otitis media in children: randomised placebo controlled trial. Br. Med. J. (2001) 322(7280):210-212.
72. ESKOLA J: Polysaccharide-based pneumococcal vaccines in the prevention of acute otitis media. Vaccine (2001) 19:S78-S82.
73. HAUSDORFF WP, BRYANT J, KLOEK C, PARADISO PR, SIBER GR: The contribution of specific pneumococcal serogroups to different disease manifestations: implications for conjugate vaccine formulation and use. Part II. Clin. Infect. Dis. (2000) 30:122-140.
74. DAGAN R, MELAMED R, MUALLEM M et al.: Reduction of nasopharyngeal carriage of pneumococci during the second year of life by a heptavalent conjugate pneumococcal vaccine. J. Infect. Dis. (1996) 174:1271-1278.
75. BOGAERT D, VEENHOVEN RH, SLUIJTER M et al.: Molecular epidemiology of pneumococcal colonization in response to pneumococcal conjugate vaccination in children with recurrent acute otitis media. J. Clin. Microbiol. (2005) 43(1):74-83.
76. PELTON SI, LOUGHLIN AM, MARCHANT CD: Seven valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine immunization in two boston communities, changes in serotypes and antimicrobial susceptibility among Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. (2004) 23:1015-1022.
77. MCELLISTREM MC, ADAMS JM, PATEL K et al.: Acute otitis media due to penicillin-nonsusceptible Streptococcus pneumoniae before and after the introduction of the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine. Clin. Infect. Dis. (2005) 40:1738-1744.
78. ESKOLA J, KILPI T, PALMU A et al.: Efficacy of a pneumococcal conjugate vaccine against acute otitis media. N. Engl. J. Med. (2001) 344:403-409.
79. The first large randomised-controlled trial discussing the effects of PCV on AOM.
80. FIREMAN B, BLACK SB, SHINEFIELD HR, LEE J, LEWIS E, RAY P: Impact of the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine on otitis media. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. (2003) 22(1):10-16.
81. BROUWER CN, MAILLE AR, ROVERS MM, GROBBEE DE, SANDERS EA, SCHILDER AG: Health-related quality of life in children with otitis media. Int. J. Pediatr. Otorhinolaryngol. (2005) 69(8):1031-1041.
82. VEENHOVEN R, BOGAERT D, UITERWAAL C et al.: Effect of conjugate pneumococcal vaccine followed by polysaccharide pneumococcal vaccine on recurrent acute otitis media: a randomised study. Lancet (2003) 361:2189-2195.
83. COCHRANE COLLABORATION: Pneumococcal vaccines for preventing otitis media. The Cochrane Library (2005) 2.
84. STRAETEMANS M, PALMU A, AURANEN K, ZIELHUIS GA, KILPI T: The effect of a pneumococcal conjugate vaccine on the risk of otitis media with effusion at 7 and 24 months of age. Int. J. Pediatr. Otorhinolaryngol. (2003) 67:1235-1242.
85. MONOBE H, ISHIBASHI T, NOMURAY, SHINOGAMI M, YANO J: Role of respiratory viruses in children with acute otitis media. Int. J. Pediatr. Otorhinolaryngol. (2003) 67:801-806.
86. MARCHISIO P, CAVAGNA R, MASPES B et al.: Efficacy of intranasal virosomal influenza vaccine in the prevention of recurrent acute otitis media in children. Clin. Infect. Dis. (2002) 35:168-174.
87. HOBERMAN A, GREENBERG DP, PARADISE JL et al.: Effectiveness of inactivated influenza vaccine in preventing acute otitis media in young children. JAMA (2004) 290(12):1608-1616.
88. MISURYA VK, SHRIVASTA PK: Functional eustachian tuboplasty: a new surgical technique. Arch. Otolaryngol. (1976) 102(6):330-333.
89. PARKIN JL, JOHNSON LP, STRINGHAM JC: Transtympanic eustachian tuboplasty and tolerance of stenting materials. Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg. (1983) 91(4):407-411.
90. POE DS, METSON RB, KUJAWSKI O: Laser eustachian tuboplasty: a preliminary report. Laryngoscope (2003) 113:583-591.
91. KUJAWSKI OB, POE DS: Laser eustachian tuboplasty. Otol. Neurotol. (2004) 25:1-8.
92. ARRIETA A, SINGH J: Management of recurrent and persistent acute otitis media: new options with familiar antibiotics. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. (2004) 23:S115-S124.
93. MATSUI D, LIM R, TSCHEN T, RIEDER MJ: Assessment of the palatability of β-lactamase-resistant antibiotics in children. Arch. Pediatr. Adolesc. Med. (1997) 151:599-602.
94. KLEIN JO: Amoxicillin/clavulanate for infections in infants and children: past, present and future. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. (2003) 22:S139-S148.
95. RAYNER MG, ZHANG Y, GORRY MC, CHEN Y, POST JC, EHRLICH GD: Evidence of bacterial metabolic activity in culture-negative otitis media with effusion. JAMA (1998) 279:296-299.
96. POST JC, STOODLEY P, HALL-STOODLEY L, EHRLICH GD: The role of biofilms in otolaryngologic infections. Curr. Opin. Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg. (2004) 12(3):185-190.
97. POST JC: Direct evidence of bacterial biofilms in otitis media. Laryngoscope (2001) 111:2083-2094.
98. Discusses bacterial biofilm as an aetiology in OME.
99. EHRLICH GD, VEEH R, WANG X et al.: Mucosal biofilm formation on middle-ear mucosa in the chinchilla model of otitis media. JAMA (2002) 287(13):1710-1715.
100. PARADISE JL, CAMPBELL TF, DOLLAGHAN CA et al.: Developmental outcomes after early or delayed insertion of tympanostomy tubes. N. Engl. J. Med. (2005) 353:576-586.
101. Changing treatment options in recurrent AOM.