메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 16, Issue 3, 2006, Pages 317-322

Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria: an acquired X-linked genetic disease with somatic-cell mosaicism

(1)  Luzzatto, Lucio a  

a NONE   (Italy)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

COMPLEMENT; ECULIZUMAB; GLYCAN PHOSPHATIDYLINOSITOL; N ACETYLGLUCOSAMINYLTRANSFERASE; PHOSPHATIDYLINOSITOL; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

EID: 33646495323     PISSN: 0959437X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2006.04.015     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (44)

References (42)
  • 1
    • 33646524179 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
    • Young N., Gerson S.L., and High K.A. (Eds), Mosby
    • Luzzatto L., and Notaro R. Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria. In: Young N., Gerson S.L., and High K.A. (Eds). Clinical Hematology (2006), Mosby 326-339
    • (2006) Clinical Hematology , pp. 326-339
    • Luzzatto, L.1    Notaro, R.2
  • 3
    • 0025179976 scopus 로고
    • Human protectin (CD59), an 18,000-20,000 MW complement lysis restricting factor, inhibits C5b-8 catalysed insertion into lipid bilayers
    • Meri S., Morgan B.P., Davies A., Daniels R.H., Olavesen M.G., Waldmann H., and Lachmann P.J. Human protectin (CD59), an 18,000-20,000 MW complement lysis restricting factor, inhibits C5b-8 catalysed insertion into lipid bilayers. Immunology 71 (1990) 1-9
    • (1990) Immunology , vol.71 , pp. 1-9
    • Meri, S.1    Morgan, B.P.2    Davies, A.3    Daniels, R.H.4    Olavesen, M.G.5    Waldmann, H.6    Lachmann, P.J.7
  • 5
    • 0030955185 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Murine embryonic stem cells without PIG-A gene activity are competent for PNH-like hematopoiesis but not for clonal expansion
    • Rosti V., Tremml G., Soares V., Pandolfi P.P., Luzzatto L., and Bessler M. Murine embryonic stem cells without PIG-A gene activity are competent for PNH-like hematopoiesis but not for clonal expansion. J Clin Invest 100 (1997) 1028-1036
    • (1997) J Clin Invest , vol.100 , pp. 1028-1036
    • Rosti, V.1    Tremml, G.2    Soares, V.3    Pandolfi, P.P.4    Luzzatto, L.5    Bessler, M.6
  • 6
    • 0033231095 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased sensitivity to complement and a decreased red blood cell life span in mice mosaic for a nonfunctional Piga gene
    • Tremml G., Dominguez C., Rosti V., Zhang Z., Pandolfi P.P., Keller P., and Bessler M. Increased sensitivity to complement and a decreased red blood cell life span in mice mosaic for a nonfunctional Piga gene. Blood 94 (1999) 2945-2954
    • (1999) Blood , vol.94 , pp. 2945-2954
    • Tremml, G.1    Dominguez, C.2    Rosti, V.3    Zhang, Z.4    Pandolfi, P.P.5    Keller, P.6    Bessler, M.7
  • 7
    • 0033230376 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Different roles of glycosylphosphatidylinositol in various hematopoietic cells as revealed by model mice of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
    • Murakami Y., Kinoshita T., Maeda Y., Nakano T., Kosaka H., and Takeda J. Different roles of glycosylphosphatidylinositol in various hematopoietic cells as revealed by model mice of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria. Blood 94 (1999) 2963-2970
    • (1999) Blood , vol.94 , pp. 2963-2970
    • Murakami, Y.1    Kinoshita, T.2    Maeda, Y.3    Nakano, T.4    Kosaka, H.5    Takeda, J.6
  • 8
    • 0035801698 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • FES-Cre targets phosphatidylinositol glycan class A (PIGA) inactivation to hematopoietic stem cells in the bone marrow
    • Keller P., Payne J.L., Tremml G., Greer P.A., Gaboli M., Pandolfi P.P., and Bessler M. FES-Cre targets phosphatidylinositol glycan class A (PIGA) inactivation to hematopoietic stem cells in the bone marrow. J Exp Med 194 (2001) 581-589
    • (2001) J Exp Med , vol.194 , pp. 581-589
    • Keller, P.1    Payne, J.L.2    Tremml, G.3    Greer, P.A.4    Gaboli, M.5    Pandolfi, P.P.6    Bessler, M.7
  • 9
    • 1642301159 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A novel mechanism of complement-independent clearance of red cells deficient in glycosyl phosphatidylinositol-linked proteins
    • In a complement-deficient mouse background, the authors show that PNH red blood cells still have a reduced lifespan, indicating that they are susceptible to a complement-independent mechanism of hemolysis.
    • Jasinski M., Pantazopoulos P., Rother R.P., van Rooijen N., Song W.C., Molina H., and Bessler M. A novel mechanism of complement-independent clearance of red cells deficient in glycosyl phosphatidylinositol-linked proteins. Blood 103 (2004) 2827-2834. In a complement-deficient mouse background, the authors show that PNH red blood cells still have a reduced lifespan, indicating that they are susceptible to a complement-independent mechanism of hemolysis.
    • (2004) Blood , vol.103 , pp. 2827-2834
    • Jasinski, M.1    Pantazopoulos, P.2    Rother, R.P.3    van Rooijen, N.4    Song, W.C.5    Molina, H.6    Bessler, M.7
  • 11
    • 0034951879 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glycosyl phosphatidylinositol-linked glycoconjugates: structure, biosynthesis and function
    • Hwa K.Y. Glycosyl phosphatidylinositol-linked glycoconjugates: structure, biosynthesis and function. Adv Exp Med Biol 491 (2001) 207-214
    • (2001) Adv Exp Med Biol , vol.491 , pp. 207-214
    • Hwa, K.Y.1
  • 12
    • 0024325872 scopus 로고
    • Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
    • Rotoli B., and Luzzatto L. Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria. Semin Hematol 26 (1989) 201-207
    • (1989) Semin Hematol , vol.26 , pp. 201-207
    • Rotoli, B.1    Luzzatto, L.2
  • 13
    • 0033609114 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clonal populations of hematopoietic cells with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria genotype and phenotype are present in normal individuals
    • Araten D.J., Nafa K., Pakdeesuwan K., and Luzzatto L. Clonal populations of hematopoietic cells with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria genotype and phenotype are present in normal individuals. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 96 (1999) 5209-5214
    • (1999) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.96 , pp. 5209-5214
    • Araten, D.J.1    Nafa, K.2    Pakdeesuwan, K.3    Luzzatto, L.4
  • 15
    • 26844504636 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria: current issues in pathophysiology and treatment
    • Young N.S. Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria: current issues in pathophysiology and treatment. Curr Hematol Rep 4 (2005) 103-109
    • (2005) Curr Hematol Rep , vol.4 , pp. 103-109
    • Young, N.S.1
  • 16
    • 32644434385 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Minor population of CD55-CD59- blood cells predicts response to immunosuppressive therapy and prognosis in patients with aplastic anemia
    • The findings in this study confirm directly the notion that the pathogenesis of aplastic anemia and of PNH are closely related, favoring the notion that in PNH the expansion of the PNH clone is caused by negative selection against non-PNH cells.
    • Sugimori C., Chuhjo T., Feng X., Yamazaki H., Takami A., Teramura M., Mizoguchi H., Omine M., and Nakao S. Minor population of CD55-CD59- blood cells predicts response to immunosuppressive therapy and prognosis in patients with aplastic anemia. Blood 107 (2006) 1308-1314. The findings in this study confirm directly the notion that the pathogenesis of aplastic anemia and of PNH are closely related, favoring the notion that in PNH the expansion of the PNH clone is caused by negative selection against non-PNH cells.
    • (2006) Blood , vol.107 , pp. 1308-1314
    • Sugimori, C.1    Chuhjo, T.2    Feng, X.3    Yamazaki, H.4    Takami, A.5    Teramura, M.6    Mizoguchi, H.7    Omine, M.8    Nakao, S.9
  • 17
    • 0033031417 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic instability and the etiology of somatic PIG-A mutations in paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
    • Purow D.B., Howard T.A., Marcus S.J., Rosse W.F., and Ware R.E. Genetic instability and the etiology of somatic PIG-A mutations in paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria. Blood Cell Mol Dis 25 (1999) 81-91
    • (1999) Blood Cell Mol Dis , vol.25 , pp. 81-91
    • Purow, D.B.1    Howard, T.A.2    Marcus, S.J.3    Rosse, W.F.4    Ware, R.E.5
  • 18
    • 0036095964 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Frequent detection of T cells with mutations of the hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl transferase gene in patients with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
    • Horikawa K., Kawaguchi T., Ishihara S., Nagakura S., Hidaka M., Kagimoto T., Mitsuya H., and Nakakuma H. Frequent detection of T cells with mutations of the hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl transferase gene in patients with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria. Blood 99 (2002) 24-29
    • (2002) Blood , vol.99 , pp. 24-29
    • Horikawa, K.1    Kawaguchi, T.2    Ishihara, S.3    Nagakura, S.4    Hidaka, M.5    Kagimoto, T.6    Mitsuya, H.7    Nakakuma, H.8
  • 19
    • 2442443136 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Frequent HPRT mutations in paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria reflect T cell clonal expansion, not genomic instability
    • Chen G., Zeng W., Green S., and Young N.S. Frequent HPRT mutations in paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria reflect T cell clonal expansion, not genomic instability. Brit J Haematol 125 (2004) 383-391
    • (2004) Brit J Haematol , vol.125 , pp. 383-391
    • Chen, G.1    Zeng, W.2    Green, S.3    Young, N.S.4
  • 20
    • 33646527709 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The mutation rate in PIG-A is normal in patients with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
    • 10.1182/blood-2006-01-0256. This study proves that PIG-A mutations in PNH patients are not caused by an intrinsic increase in the rate of mutation, thus supporting the notion that somatic cell selection is crucial to the pathogenesis of PNH.
    • Araten D.J., and Luzzatto L. The mutation rate in PIG-A is normal in patients with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria. Blood (2006) 10.1182/blood-2006-01-0256. This study proves that PIG-A mutations in PNH patients are not caused by an intrinsic increase in the rate of mutation, thus supporting the notion that somatic cell selection is crucial to the pathogenesis of PNH.
    • (2006) Blood
    • Araten, D.J.1    Luzzatto, L.2
  • 21
    • 0030912049 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The pathophysiology of aplastic anemia
    • Young N.S., and Maciejewski J. The pathophysiology of aplastic anemia. New Engl J Med 336 (1997) 1365-1372
    • (1997) New Engl J Med , vol.336 , pp. 1365-1372
    • Young, N.S.1    Maciejewski, J.2
  • 22
    • 4944249404 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diazepam-binding inhibitor-related protein 1: a candidate autoantigen in acquired aplastic anemia patients harboring a minor population of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria-type cells
    • Feng X., Chuhjo T., Sugimori C., Kotani T., Lu X., Takami A., Takamatsu H., Yamazaki H., and Nakao S. Diazepam-binding inhibitor-related protein 1: a candidate autoantigen in acquired aplastic anemia patients harboring a minor population of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria-type cells. Blood 104 (2004) 2425-2431
    • (2004) Blood , vol.104 , pp. 2425-2431
    • Feng, X.1    Chuhjo, T.2    Sugimori, C.3    Kotani, T.4    Lu, X.5    Takami, A.6    Takamatsu, H.7    Yamazaki, H.8    Nakao, S.9
  • 24
    • 1542267406 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Shared and individual specificities of immunodominant cytotoxic T-cell clones in paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria as determined by molecular analysis
    • Plasilova M., Risitano A.M., O'Keefe C.L., Rodriguez A., Wlodarski M., Young N.S., and Maciejewski J. Shared and individual specificities of immunodominant cytotoxic T-cell clones in paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria as determined by molecular analysis. Exp Hematol 32 (2004) 261-269
    • (2004) Exp Hematol , vol.32 , pp. 261-269
    • Plasilova, M.1    Risitano, A.M.2    O'Keefe, C.L.3    Rodriguez, A.4    Wlodarski, M.5    Young, N.S.6    Maciejewski, J.7
  • 25
    • 0035673393 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association of clonal T-cell large granular lymphocyte disease and paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria (PNH): further evidence for a pathogenetic link between T cells, aplastic anaemia and PNH
    • Karadimitris A., Li K., Notaro R., Araten D.J., Nafa K., Thertulien R., Ladanyi M., Stevens A.E., Rosenfeld C.S., Roberts I.A., et al. Association of clonal T-cell large granular lymphocyte disease and paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria (PNH): further evidence for a pathogenetic link between T cells, aplastic anaemia and PNH. Brit J Haematol 115 (2001) 1010-1014
    • (2001) Brit J Haematol , vol.115 , pp. 1010-1014
    • Karadimitris, A.1    Li, K.2    Notaro, R.3    Araten, D.J.4    Nafa, K.5    Thertulien, R.6    Ladanyi, M.7    Stevens, A.E.8    Rosenfeld, C.S.9    Roberts, I.A.10
  • 26
    • 13544257461 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Large granular lymphocyte (LGL)-like clonal expansions in paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) patients
    • Risitano A.M., Maciejewski J.P., Muranski P., Wlodarski M., O'Keefe C., Sloand E.M., and Young N.S. Large granular lymphocyte (LGL)-like clonal expansions in paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) patients. Leukemia 19 (2005) 217-222
    • (2005) Leukemia , vol.19 , pp. 217-222
    • Risitano, A.M.1    Maciejewski, J.P.2    Muranski, P.3    Wlodarski, M.4    O'Keefe, C.5    Sloand, E.M.6    Young, N.S.7
  • 27
    • 27544500953 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Killer immunoglobulin-like receptor genotype in immune-mediated bone marrow failure syndromes
    • Howe E.C., Wlodarski M., Ball E.J., Rybicki L., and Maciejewski J.P. Killer immunoglobulin-like receptor genotype in immune-mediated bone marrow failure syndromes. Exp Hematol 33 (2005) 1357-1362
    • (2005) Exp Hematol , vol.33 , pp. 1357-1362
    • Howe, E.C.1    Wlodarski, M.2    Ball, E.J.3    Rybicki, L.4    Maciejewski, J.P.5
  • 28
    • 27144506207 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Patients with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria have a high frequency of peripheral-blood T cells expressing activating isoforms of inhibiting superfamily receptors
    • Poggi A., Negrini S., Zocchi M.R., Massaro A.-M., Garbarino L., Lastraioli S., Gargiulo L., Luzzatto L., and Notaro R. Patients with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria have a high frequency of peripheral-blood T cells expressing activating isoforms of inhibiting superfamily receptors. Blood 106 (2005) 2399-2408
    • (2005) Blood , vol.106 , pp. 2399-2408
    • Poggi, A.1    Negrini, S.2    Zocchi, M.R.3    Massaro, A.-M.4    Garbarino, L.5    Lastraioli, S.6    Gargiulo, L.7    Luzzatto, L.8    Notaro, R.9
  • 30
    • 31544482132 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immunoselection by natural killer cells of PIGA mutant cells missing stress-inducible ULBP
    • Hanaoka N., Kawaguchi T., Horikawa K., Nagakura S., Mitsuya H., and Nakakuma H. Immunoselection by natural killer cells of PIGA mutant cells missing stress-inducible ULBP. Blood 107 (2006) 1184-1191
    • (2006) Blood , vol.107 , pp. 1184-1191
    • Hanaoka, N.1    Kawaguchi, T.2    Horikawa, K.3    Nagakura, S.4    Mitsuya, H.5    Nakakuma, H.6
  • 31
    • 3042671662 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased resistance of PIG-A bone marrow progenitors to tumor necrosis factor α and interferon γ: possible implications for the in vivo dominance of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria clones
    • Barcellini W., Fermo E., Guia Imperiali F., Zaninoni A., Bianchi P., Boschetti C., and Zanella A. Increased resistance of PIG-A bone marrow progenitors to tumor necrosis factor α and interferon γ: possible implications for the in vivo dominance of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria clones. Haematologica 89 (2004) 651-656
    • (2004) Haematologica , vol.89 , pp. 651-656
    • Barcellini, W.1    Fermo, E.2    Guia Imperiali, F.3    Zaninoni, A.4    Bianchi, P.5    Boschetti, C.6    Zanella, A.7
  • 32
    • 0842285673 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In vitro and in vivo evidence of PNH cell sensitivity to immune attack after nonmyeloablative allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation
    • Takahashi Y., McCoy Jr. J.P., Carvallo C., Rivera C., Igarashi T., Srinivasan R., Young N.S., and Childs R.W. In vitro and in vivo evidence of PNH cell sensitivity to immune attack after nonmyeloablative allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation. Blood 103 (2004) 1383-1390
    • (2004) Blood , vol.103 , pp. 1383-1390
    • Takahashi, Y.1    McCoy Jr., J.P.2    Carvallo, C.3    Rivera, C.4    Igarashi, T.5    Srinivasan, R.6    Young, N.S.7    Childs, R.W.8
  • 33
    • 18644371387 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differential gene expression in hematopoietic progenitors from paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria patients reveals an apoptosis/immune response in 'normal' phenotype cells
    • Gene expression profiling shows that residual GPI+ cells in the bone marrow of PNH patients are more abnormal than GPI- cells, particularly with respect to pro-apoptotic genes, suggesting that the former cells are being damaged.
    • Chen G., Zeng W., Maciejewski J.P., Kcyvanfar K., Billings E.M., and Young N.S. Differential gene expression in hematopoietic progenitors from paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria patients reveals an apoptosis/immune response in 'normal' phenotype cells. Leukemia 19 (2005) 862-868. Gene expression profiling shows that residual GPI+ cells in the bone marrow of PNH patients are more abnormal than GPI- cells, particularly with respect to pro-apoptotic genes, suggesting that the former cells are being damaged.
    • (2005) Leukemia , vol.19 , pp. 862-868
    • Chen, G.1    Zeng, W.2    Maciejewski, J.P.3    Kcyvanfar, K.4    Billings, E.M.5    Young, N.S.6
  • 34
    • 30144446015 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interferon-gamma-induced gene expression in CD34 cells: identification of pathologic cytokine-specific signature profiles
    • Zeng W., Miyazato A., Chen G., Kajigaya S., Young N.S., and Maciejewski J.P. Interferon-gamma-induced gene expression in CD34 cells: identification of pathologic cytokine-specific signature profiles. Blood 107 (2006) 167-175
    • (2006) Blood , vol.107 , pp. 167-175
    • Zeng, W.1    Miyazato, A.2    Chen, G.3    Kajigaya, S.4    Young, N.S.5    Maciejewski, J.P.6
  • 35
    • 0033967952 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glycosyl phosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored molecules and the pathogenesis of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
    • Boccuni P., Del Vecchio L., Di Noto R., and Rotoli B. Glycosyl phosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored molecules and the pathogenesis of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria. Crc Cr Rev Oncol-Hem 33 (2000) 25-43
    • (2000) Crc Cr Rev Oncol-Hem , vol.33 , pp. 25-43
    • Boccuni, P.1    Del Vecchio, L.2    Di Noto, R.3    Rotoli, B.4
  • 37
    • 10244246553 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CD157 is an important mediator of neutrophil adhesion and migration
    • This is the first demonstration that a GPI-linked protein, lacking in PNH neutrophils, is crucial for neutrophil function.
    • Funaro A., Ortolan E., Ferranti B., Gargiulo L., Notaro R., Luzzatto L., and Malavasi F. CD157 is an important mediator of neutrophil adhesion and migration. Blood 104 (2004) 4269-4278. This is the first demonstration that a GPI-linked protein, lacking in PNH neutrophils, is crucial for neutrophil function.
    • (2004) Blood , vol.104 , pp. 4269-4278
    • Funaro, A.1    Ortolan, E.2    Ferranti, B.3    Gargiulo, L.4    Notaro, R.5    Luzzatto, L.6    Malavasi, F.7
  • 38
    • 0030587597 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analysis of the expression of glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchored proteins on platelets from patients with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
    • Maciejewski J.P., Young N.S., Yu M., Anderson S.M., and Sloand E.M. Analysis of the expression of glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchored proteins on platelets from patients with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria. Thromb Res 83 (1996) 433-447
    • (1996) Thromb Res , vol.83 , pp. 433-447
    • Maciejewski, J.P.1    Young, N.S.2    Yu, M.3    Anderson, S.M.4    Sloand, E.M.5
  • 40
    • 0346023953 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ScFv-mediated in vivo targeting of DAF to erythrocytes inhibits lysis by complement
    • Spitzer D., Unsinger J., Bessler M., and Atkinson J.P. ScFv-mediated in vivo targeting of DAF to erythrocytes inhibits lysis by complement. Mol Immunol 40 (2004) 911-919
    • (2004) Mol Immunol , vol.40 , pp. 911-919
    • Spitzer, D.1    Unsinger, J.2    Bessler, M.3    Atkinson, J.P.4
  • 41
    • 10744228553 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of eculizumab on hemolysis and transfusion requirements in patients with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
    • This is the first report of a therapeutic agent that effectively controls intravascular hemolysis in patients with PNH.
    • Hillmen P., Hall C., Marsh J.C., Elebute M., Bombara M.P., Petro B.E., Cullen M.J., Richards S.J., Rollins S.A., Mojcik C.F., et al. Effect of eculizumab on hemolysis and transfusion requirements in patients with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria. New Engl J Med 350 (2004) 552-559. This is the first report of a therapeutic agent that effectively controls intravascular hemolysis in patients with PNH.
    • (2004) New Engl J Med , vol.350 , pp. 552-559
    • Hillmen, P.1    Hall, C.2    Marsh, J.C.3    Elebute, M.4    Bombara, M.P.5    Petro, B.E.6    Cullen, M.J.7    Richards, S.J.8    Rollins, S.A.9    Mojcik, C.F.10
  • 42


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.