Parallel deficits in linear growth and mental development in low-income Mexican infants in the second year of life

Public Health Nutrition

Volumn 9, Issue 2, 2006, Pages 178-186

  Fernald, Lia C ^a   Neufeld, Lynnette M ^b   Barton, Lauren R ^c   Schnaas, Lourdes ^d   Rivera, Juan ^b   Gertler, Paul J ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^b INSTITUTO NACIONAL DE SALUD PÚBLICA   (Mexico)

^c UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^d INSTITUTO NACIONAL DE PERINATOLOGÍA   (Mexico)

Author keywords

Child development; Height for age; Mexico; Poverty; Socio economic status; Urban

Indexed keywords

ANTHROPOMETRY; CHILD DEVELOPMENT; COGNITION; HEALTH SURVEY; HOUSEHOLD; LOWEST INCOME GROUP; MENTAL DEVELOPMENT; MEXICO; MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS; POVERTY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; QUESTIONNAIRE; REVIEW; SOCIAL STATUS;

ANTHROPOMETRY; BODY HEIGHT; BODY WEIGHT; CHILD DEVELOPMENT; COGNITION; CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDIES; FEMALE; GROWTH; HEALTH SURVEYS; HUMANS; INFANT; INFANT FOOD; INFANT NUTRITION DISORDERS; INFANT NUTRITION PHYSIOLOGY; MALE; MEXICO; MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS; POVERTY; REGRESSION ANALYSIS; SOCIAL CLASS; URBAN HEALTH; WEANING;

EID: 33646493810     PISSN: 13689800     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1079/PHN2005759     Document Type: Review

References (82)

1. Brooks-Gunn J, Klebanov P, Liaw FR, Duncan GJ. Toward an understanding of the effects of poverty upon children. In: Fitzgerald HE, Lester BM, eds. Children of Poverty: Research, Health, and Policy Issues. New York: Garland Publishing, Inc., 1995; 3-41.
2. Bradley RH, Corwyn RF. Socioeconomic status and child development. Annual Review of Psychology 2002; 53: 371-99.
3. Bolig EE, Borkowski J, Brandenberger J. Poverty and health across the life span. In: Whitman TL, Merluzzi TV, eds. Life Span Perspectives on Health and Illness. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc., 1999; 67-84.
4. Guthrie JF, Morton JF. Diet-related knowledge, attitudes, and practices of low-income households with children. Journal of Early Education and Family Review 1999; 6(3): 26-33.
5. Bradley RH, Corwyn RF, McAdoo HP, Garcia Coll C. The home environments of children in the United States. Part I: Variations by age, ethnicity, and poverty status. Child Development 2001; 72(6): 1844-67.
6. Brooks-Gunn J, Leventhal T, Duncan GJ. Why poverty matters for young children: implications for policy. In: Osofsky JD, Fitzgerald HE, eds. Parenting and Child Care. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2000; 89-131.
7. Hart B, Risley TR. Meaningful Differences in the Everyday Experience of Young American Children. Baltimore, MD: Paul Brookes, 1995.
8. Hoff E. The specificity of environmental influence: socioeconomic status affects early vocabulary via maternal speech. Child Development 2003; 74(5): 1368-78.
9. Evans GW, English K. The environment of poverty: multiple Stressor exposure, psychophysiological stress, and socioemotional adjustment. Child Development 2002; 73(4): 1238-48.
10. Koch R, Lewis MT, Quinones W. Homeless: mothering at rock bottom. In: Coll CG, Surrey JL, eds. Mothering Against the Odds: Diverse Voices of Contemporary Mothers. New York: The Guilford Press, 1998; 61-84.
11. Hsieh C-C, Pugh MD. Poverty, income inequality, and violent crime: a meta-analysis of recent aggregate data studies. In: Kawachi I, Kennedy BP, Wilkinson RG, eds. Income Inequality and Health. New York: The New Press, 1999; 278-96.
12. Karns JT. Health, nutrition and safety. In: Bremner G, Fogel A, eds. Handbook of Infant Development. Maiden, MA: Blackwell, 2001; 693-725.
13. Cohen DA, Mason K, Bedimo A, Scribner R, Basolo V, Farley TA. Neighborhood physical conditions and health. American Journal of Public Health 2003; 93(3): 467-71.
14. Jacobs DE, Clickner RP, Zhou JY, Viet SM, Marker DA, Rogers JW, et al. The prevalence of lead-based paint hazards in US housing. Environmental Health Perspectives 2002; 110(10): A599-606.
15. Wamboldt FS, Ho J, Milgrom H, Wamboldt MZ, Sanders B, Szefler SJ, et al. Prevalence and correlates of household exposures to tobacco smoke and pets in children with asthma. Journal of Pediatrics 2002; 141(1): 109-15.
16. Guo G, Harris KM. The mechanisms mediating the effects of poverty on children's intellectual development. Demography 2000; 37: 431-47.
17. Grantham McGregor S, Fernald LC, Ani CC. The role of nutrition in intellectual and behavioral development in children. In: Sternberg R, ed. Environmental Effects on Cognitive Abilities. Cambridge, MA: Laurence Erlbaum Associates, 2000; 119-55.
18. Florenco CA. Nutrition, Health and Other Determinants of Academic Achievement and School Related Behavior of Grade One to Grade Six Pupils. Quezon City: University of the Philippines, 1988.
19. Chun FY. Nutrition and education - a study. Journal of the Singapore Pediatric Society 1971; 13(2): 91-6.
20. Cravioto J, DeLicardie E, Birch H. Nutrition, growth, and neuro-integrative development: an experimental and ecologic study. Pediatrics 1966; 38: 319-72.
21. Monckeberg F. Malnutrition and mental capacity. In: Nutrition, The Nervous System and Behaviour. Scientific Publication No. 251. Washington, DC: Pan American Health Organization, 1972; 48-54.
22. Powell C, Grantham-McGregor S. The associations between nutritional status, school achievement and school attendance in 12-year old children at a Jamaican school. West Indian Medical Journal 1980; 29: 247-53.
23. Freeman HE, Klein RE, Townsend JW, Lechtig A. Nutrition and cognitive development among rural Guatemalan children. American Journal of Public Health 1980; 70(12): 1277-85.
24. Jamison D. Child malnutrition and school performance in China. Journal of Development Economics 1986; 20: 299-309.
25. Bogin B, MacVean RB. The relationship of socioeconomic status and sex to body size, skeletal maturation, and cognitive status of Guatemala City schoolchildren. Child Development 1983; 54(1): 115-28.
26. Moock PR, Leslie J. Childhood malnutrition and schooling in the Teri region of Nepal. Journal of Development Economics 1986; 20: 33-52.
27. Agarwal DK, Upadhyay SK, Tripathi AM, Agarwal KN. Nutritional Status, Physical Work Capacity and Mental Function in School Children. Report No. 6. New Delhi: Nutrition Foundation of India, 1987.
28. Sigman M, Neumann C, Jansen AA, Bwibo N, Cognitive abilities of Kenyan children in relation to nutrition, family characteristics, and education. Child Development 1989; 60(6): 1463-74.
29. Paine P, Dorea JG, Pasquali L, Monteiro AM. Growth and cognition in Brazilian schoolchildren: a spontaneously occurring intervention study. International Journal of Behavioral Development 1992; 15(2): 169-83.
30. Clarke N, Grantham-McGregor SM, Powell C. Nutrition and health predictors of school failure in Jamaican children. Ecology of Food and Nutrition 1991; 26: 1-11.
31. Lasky RE, Klein RE, Yarbrough C, Engle PL, Lechtig A, Martorell R. The relationship between physical growth and infant behavioral development in rural Guatemala. Child Development 1981; 52(1): 219-26.
32. Powell CA, Grantham McGregor S. The ecology of nutritional status and development in young children in Kingston, Jamaica. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 1985; 41(6): 1322-31.
33. Grantham McGregor SM, Walker SP, Chang SM, Powell CA. Effects of early childhood supplementation with and without stimulation on later development in stunted Jamaican children. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 1997; 66(2): 247-53.
34. Fernald LC, Grantham-McGregor SM. Stress response in children who have been growth retarded since early childhood. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 1998; 68(3): 691-8.
35. Leslie J, Jamison D. Health and nutrition considerations in education planning 1. Educational consequences of health problems among school-age children. Food and Nutrition Bulletin 1990; 12: 191-203.
36. Glewwe P, Jacoby H. An economic analysis of delayed primary school enrollment in a low income country: the role of early childhood nutrition. Review of Economics and Statistics 1995; 77(1): 156-9.
37. Boissiere M, Knight JB, Sabot R. Earnings, schooling, ability and cognitive skills. American Economics Review 1985; 75: 1016-30.
38. Deolalikar AB. Nutrition and labor productivity in agriculture: estimates for rural South India. Review of Economics and Statistics 1988; 70(3): 406-13.
39. Haddad L, Bouis H. The impact of nutritional status on agricultural productivity: wage evidence from the Philippines. Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics 1991; 53(1): 45-68.
40. Strauss J. Does better nutrition raise farm productivity? Journal of Political Economy 1986; 94: 297-320.
41. Thomas D, Strauss J. Health and wages: evidence on men and women in urban Brazil. Journal of Econometrics 1997; 77(1): 159-85.
42. Sen A. Development as Freedom. New York: Knopf, 1999.
43. Nelson CA. The neurobiological basis of early intervention. In: Shonkoff JP, Meisels SJ, eds. Handbook of Early Childhood Intervention, 2nd ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000; 204-27.
44. Black MM, Hess CR, Berenson-Howard J. Toddlers from low-income families have below normal mental, motor, and behavior scores on the revised Bayley scales. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology 2000; 21(6): 655-66.
45. Werner EE. Protective factors and individual resilience. In: Shonkoff JP, Meisels SJ, eds. Handbook of Early Childhood Intervention, 2nd ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000; 115-32.
46. Gottlieb G. Experiential canalization of behavioral development: theory. Developmental Psychology 1991; 27(1): 4-13.
47. Gertler PJ. Do conditional cash transfers improve child health? Evidence from PROGRESA's controlled randomized experiment. American Economics Review 2004; 94(2): 331-6.
48. Rivera JA, Sotres-Alvarez D, Habicht JP, Shaman T, Villalpando S. Impact of the Mexican program for education, health, and nutrition (Progresa) on rates of growth and anemia in infants and young children: a randomized effectiveness study. Journal of the American Medical Association 2004; 291(21): 2563-70.
49. Del Pozo-González B, Aparicio-Jiménez R. Criterios para la selección de la muestra de evaluación del Programa de Educación, Salud y Alimentación en localidades urbanas y semi-urbanas [Criteria for the Selection of the Evaluation Sample of the Program of Education, Health and Nutrition (PROGRESA) in Urban and Semi-urban Areas]. Cuernavaca, Mexico: Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, 2002.
50. Lohman TG, Roche AF, Martorell R. Anthropometric Standardization Reference Manual. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics Books, 1989.
51. National Center for Health Statistics/Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/World Health Organization. ANTHRO: Software for Calculating Pediatric Anthropometry version 1.02. Atlanta, GA: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1999.
52. Bayley N. Bayley Scales of Infant Development, 2nd ed. San Antonio, TX: The Psychological Corporation, 1993.
53. Bradley-Johnson S. Cognitive assessment for the youngest children: a critical review of tests. Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment 2001; 19: 19-44.
54. Feinstein L. Inequality in the early cognitive development of British children in the 1970 cohort. Economica 2003; 70: 73-97.
55. Wright RO, Hu H, Silverman EK, Tsaih SW, Schwartz J, Bellinger D, et al. Apolipoprotein E genotype predicts 24-month Bayley scales infant development score. Pediatric Research 2003; 54(6): 819-25.
56. Gomaa A, Hu H, Bellinger D, Schwartz J, Tsaih SW, Gonzalez-Cossio T, et al. Maternal bone lead as an independent risk factor for fetal neurotoxicity: a prospective study. Pediatrics 2002; 1(1 Pt 1): 110-8.
57. Backstrand JR, Allen LH, Martinez E, Pelto GH. Maternal consumption of pulque, a traditional central Mexican alcoholic beverage: relationships to infant growth and development. Public Health Nutrition 2001; 4(4): 883-91.
58. Solomons HC. Standardization of the Denver developmental screening test on infants from Yucatan. Mexico. International Journal of Rehabilitation Research 1982; 5(2): 179-89.
59. Shonkoff JP, Miesels SJ, eds. Handbook of Early Childhood Intervention, 2nd ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000.
60. Kuhn D, Siegler RS. Handbook of Child Psychology, 5th ed. Vol. 2: Cognition, Perception and Language. New York: John Wiley and Sons, Inc., 1998.
61. United Nations Children's Fund. The State of the World's Children 2004. New York: Oxford University Press, 2005.
62. Hess CR, Papas MA, Black MM. Use of the Bayley infant neurodevelopmental screener with an environmental risk group. Journal of Pediatric Psychology 2004; 29(5): 321-30.
63. Lima MC, Eickmann SH, Lima ACV, Guerra MQ, Lira PIC, Huttly SRA, et al. Determinants of mental and motor development at 12 months in a low income population: a cohort study in northeast Brazil. Acta Paediatrica 2004; 93(7): 969-75.
64. del Río-Navarro BE, Velázquez-Monroy O, Sánchez-Castillo CP, Lara-Esqueda A, Berber A, Fanghänel G, et al. The high prevalence of overweight and obesity in Mexican children. Obesity Research 2004; 12(2): 215-23.
65. Grantham-McGregor S, Ani C. A review of studies on the effect of iron deficiency on cognitive development in children. Journal of Nutrition 2001; 131(Suppl. 2): 649S-66S.
66. Wagstaff A, Bustreo G, Bryce J, Claeson M, and the WHO-World Bank Child Health and Poverty Working Group, Child health: reaching the poor. American Journal of Public Health 2004; 94(5): 726-36.
67. Villalpando S, Lopez-Alarcon M. Growth faltering is prevented by breast-feeding in underprivileged infants from Mexico City. Journal of Nutrition 2000; 130(3): 546-52.
68. Temboury MC, Otero A, Polanco I, Arribas E. Influence of breast-feeding on the infant's intellectual development. Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition 1994; 18(1): 32-6.
69. Florey CD, Leech AM, Blackball A. Infant feeding and mental and motor development at 18 months of age in first born singletons. International Journal of Epidemiology 1995; 24(Suppl. 1): S21-6.
70. Morley R, Cole TJ, Powell R, Lucas A. Mother's choice to provide breast milk and developmental outcome. Archives of Disease in Childhood 1988; 63(11): 1382-5.
71. Morrow Tlucak M, Haude RH, Ernhart CB. Breastfeeding and cognitive development in the first 2 years of life. Social Science & Medicine 1988; 26(6): 635-9.
72. Rogan WJ, Gladen BC. Breast-feeding and cognitive development. Early Human Development 1993; 31(3): 181-93.
73. Rutter M. Protective factors in children's responses to stress and disadvantage. In: Kent MW, Rolf JE, eds. Primary Prevention of Psychopathology. Hanover, NH: University Press of New England, 1979; 49-74.
74. Sameroff AJ, Seifer R, Baldwin A, Baldwin C. Stability of intelligence from preschool to adolescence: the influence of social and family risk factors. Child Development 1993; 64(1): 80-97.
75. Breitmayer BJ, Ramey CT. Biological nonoptimality and quality of postnatal environment as codeterminants of intellectual development. Child Development 1986; 57(5): 1151-65.
76. Sameroff AJ, Seifer R, Barocas R, Zax M, Greenspan S. Intelligence quotient scores of 4-year-old children: social-environmental risk factors. Pediatrics 1987; 79(3): 343-50.
77. Evans GW. A multimethodological analysis of cumulative risk and allostatic load among rural children. Developmental Psychology 2003; 39(5): 924-33.
78. Hooper SR, Burchinal M, Roberts JE, Zeisel S, Neebe EC. Social and family risk factors for infant development at one year: an application of the cumulative risk model. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology 1998; 19(1): 85-96.
79. Hart B, Risley TR. American parenting of language-learning children: persisting differences in family-child interactions observed in natural home environments. Developmental Psychology 1992; 28: 1096-105.
80. Martorell R. Results and implications of the INCAP follow-up study. Journal of Nutrition 1995; 125(Suppl. 4): 1127S-38S.
81. Walker SP, Grantham-McGregor SM, Powell CA, Chang SM. Effects of growth restriction in early childhood on growth, IQ, and cognition at age 11 to 12 years and the benefits of nutritional supplementation and psychosocial stimulation. Journal of Pediatrics 2000; 137(1): 36-41.
82. Walker SP, Chang SM, Powell CA, Grantham-McGregor SM. Psychosocial intervention improves the development of term low-birth-weight infants. Journal of Nutrition 2004; 134(6): 1417-23.