Virologic, immunologic, and clinical benefits from early combined antiretroviral therapy in infants with perinatal HIV-1 infection

AIDS

Volumn 20, Issue 2, 2006, Pages 207-215

  Chiappini, Elena ^a   Galli, Luisa ^a   Tovo, Pier Angelo ^b   Gabiano, Clara ^b   Gattinara, Guido Castelli ^c   Guarino, Alfredo ^d   Baddato, Raffaele ^e   Giaquinto, Carlo ^f   Lisi, Catiuscia ^a   De Martino, Maurizio ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF FLORENCE   (Italy)

^b UNIVERSITY OF TURIN   (Italy)

^c BAMBINO GESÙ CHILDREN S HOSPITAL   (Italy)

^d UNIVERSITY OF NAPLES FEDERICO II   (Italy)

^e UNIVERSITY OF BRESCIA   (Italy)

^f UNIVERSITY OF PADOVA   (Italy)

Author keywords

Combined antiretroviral therapy; HIV 1 infection; Infants

Indexed keywords

ANTIRETROVIRUS AGENT; DIDANOSINE; LAMIVUDINE; LOPINAVIR PLUS RITONAVIR; NELFINAVIR; NEVIRAPINE; STAVUDINE; VIRUS DNA; VIRUS RNA; ZIDOVUDINE;

ARTICLE; BACTERIAL PNEUMONIA; CASE CONTROL STUDY; CD4 LYMPHOCYTE COUNT; CD8+ T LYMPHOCYTE; CHILD; CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED STUDY; CRYPTOCOCCOSIS; CYTOMEGALOVIRUS INFECTION; DRUG EFFECT; EARLY INTERVENTION; ESOPHAGUS CANDIDIASIS; FOLLOW UP; HUMAN; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS 1; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTION; INFANT; ITALY; KAPLAN MEIER METHOD; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MULTICENTER STUDY; PATIENT COMPLIANCE; PERINATAL INFECTION; PNEUMOCYSTIS PNEUMONIA; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROGRESSIVE MULTIFOCAL LEUKOENCEPHALOPATHY; STATISTICAL ANALYSIS; SURVIVAL; VIRUS LOAD;

AGE FACTORS; ANTI-HIV AGENTS; ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY, HIGHLY ACTIVE; CD4 LYMPHOCYTE COUNT; CD4-CD8 RATIO; CHILD, PRESCHOOL; DISEASE PROGRESSION; DISEASE TRANSMISSION, VERTICAL; DRUG ADMINISTRATION SCHEDULE; EPIDEMIOLOGIC METHODS; HIV INFECTIONS; HIV-1; HUMANS; INFANT; INFECTIOUS DISEASE TRANSMISSION, VERTICAL; TREATMENT OUTCOME; VIRAL LOAD;

EID: 33646048331     PISSN: 02699370     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/01.aids.0000200529.64113.3e     Document Type: Article

References (26)

1. de Martino M, Tovo PA, Balducci M, Galli L, Gabiano C, Rezza G, et al. Reduction in mortality with availability of antiretroviral therapy for children with perinatal HIV-1 infection. Italian Register for HIV Infection in Children and the Italian National AIDS Registry. JAMA 2000; 284:190-197.
2. Sharland M, di Zub GC, Ramos JT, Blanche S, Gibb DM. PENTA guidelines for the use of antiretroviral therapy in paediatric HIV infection. HIV Med 2002; 3:215-226.
3. The Working Group on Antiretroviral Therapy and Medical Management of HIV-Infected Children convened by the National Pediatric and Family HIV Resource Center (NPHRC), The Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA), and The National Institutes of Health (NIH). Guidelines for the Use of Antiretroviral Agents in Pediatric HIV Infection. June 25,2003. Available at http://aidsinfo.nih.gov
4. Tovo PA, de Martino M, Gabiano C, Cappello N, D'Elia R, Loy A, et al. Prognostic factors and survival in children with perinatal HIV-1 infection. The Italian Register for HIV Infections in Children. Lancet 1992; 339:1249-1253.
5. HIV Paediatric Prognostic Markers Collaborative Study Group. Short-term risk of disease progression in HIV-1-infected children receiving no antiretroviral therapy or zidovudine monotherapy: estimates according to CD4 percent, viral load, and age. Lancet 2003, 362:1605-1611.
6. Gray L, Newell ML, Thorne C, European Collaborative Study. Fluctuations in symptoms in human immunodeficiency virus-infected children: the first 10 years of life. Pediatrics 2001; 108:116-122.
7. Dunn D. Short-term risk of disease progression in HIV-1-infected children receiving no antiretroviral therapy or zidovudine monotherapy: a meta-analysis. Lancet 2003; 362:1605-1611.
8. Hainaut M, Peltier CA, Gerard M, Marissens D, Zissis G, Levy J. Effectiveness of antiretroviral therapy initiated before the age of 2 months in infants vertically infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1. Eur J Pediatr 2000; 159:778-782.
9. Luzuriaga K, McManus M, Catalina M, Mayack S, Sharkey M, Stevenson M, et al. Early therapy of vertical human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection: control of viral replication and absence of persistent HIV-1-specific immune responses. J Virol 2000; 74:6984-6991.
10. Chadwick EG, Palumbo P, Rodman J, Luzuriagia K, Britto P, Yogev R. Early therapy with ritonavir (RTV), ZDV and 3TC in HIV-1-infected children 1-24 months of age. Eighth Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections. Illinois, May 2001 [abstract 677].
11. Faye A, Bertone C, Teglas JP, Chaix ML, Douard D, Firtion G, et al. French Perinatal Study: Early multitherapy including a protease inhibitor for human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected infants. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2002; 21:518-525.
12. Zanchetta M, Burighel N, Bellanova D, Giaquinto C, Mazza A, De Rossi A. Early therapy in vertically HIV-1 infected children: effect on the natural course of HIV-1 infection. Eleventh Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections. San Francisco, May 2004 [abstract 925].
13. Aboulker JP, Babiker A, Chaix ML, Compagnucci A, Darbyshire J, Debre M, et al. Highly active antiretroviral therapy started in infants under 3 months of age: 72-week follow-up for CD4 cell count, viral load and drug resistance outcome. AIDS 2004; 18:237-245.
14. Luzuriaga K, McManus, Mofenson L, Britto P, Graham B, Sullivan JL, for the PACTG 356 Investigators. A trial of three antiretroviral regimens in HIV-1-infected children. New Engl J Med 2004; 350:2471-2480.
15. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 1994 Revised classification system for human immunodeficiency virus infection in children less than 13 years of age. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 1994; 43(RR-12):1-10.
16. de Martino M, Tovo PA, Galli L, Gabiano C, Cozzani S, Gotta C, et al. Prognostic significance of immunologic changes in 675 infants perinatally exposed to human immunodeficiency virus. The Italian Register for Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection in Children. J Pediatr 1991; 119:702-709.
17. Giacomet V, Albano F, Starace F, de Franciscis A, Giaquinto C, Gattinara GC, et al. Adherence to antiretroviral therapy and its determinants in children with human immunodeficiency virus infection: a multicentre, national study. Acta Paediatr 2003; 92:1398-1402.
18. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Guidelines for the use of antiretroviral agents in pediatric HIV infection. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 1998, 47(RR-4):1-43.
19. Italian Register for Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection in Children. Italian guidelines for antiretroviral therapy in children with human immunodeficiency virus-type 1 infection. Italian Register for HIV Infection in Children. Acta Paediatr 1999, 88:228-232.
20. Kassutto S, Rosenberg ES. Primary HIV type 1 infection. Clin Infect Dis 2004; 38:1447-1453.
21. Hainaut M, Ducarme M, Schandene L, Pielter CA, Marissens D, Zissis G, et al. Age-related immune reconstitution during highly active antiretroviral therapy in human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected children. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2003; 22:62-69.
22. Sanchez-Ramon, Resino S, Bellon Cano JM, Ramos JT, Gurbindo D, Munoz-Fernandez A. Neuroprotective effects of early antiretrovirals in vertical HIV infection. Pediatr Neurol 2003, 29:218-221.
23. Resino S, Bellon JM, Sanchez-Ramon S, Gurbindo D, Leon JA, Munoz-Fernandez MA. CD8+ T-cell numbers predict the response to antiviral therapy in HIV-1-infected children. Pediatr Res 2003; 53:309-312.
24. Shearer WT, Easley KA, Goldfarb J, Rosenblatt HM, Jenson HB, Kovacs A, et al. The P(2)C(2) HIV Study Group. Prospective 5-year study of peripheral blood CD4, CD8, and CD19/CD20 lymphocytes and serum Igs in children born to HIV-1 women. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2000; 106:559-566.
25. Resino S, Bellon JM, Gurbindo D, Leon JA, Munoz-Fernandez MA. Recovery of T-cell subsets after antiretroviral therapy in HIV-infected children. J Clin Immunol 2003; 23:279-289.
26. Niehues T, Horneff G, Knipp S, Adams O, Wahn V. Treatment-resistant expansion of CD8+CD28- cells in pediatric HIV infection. Pediatr Res 2000; 47:418-421.