Seed plants of Fiji: An ecological analysis

Biological Journal of the Linnean Society

Volumn 89, Issue 3, 2006, Pages 407-431

  Heads, Michael ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF THE SOUTH PACIFIC   (Fiji)

Author keywords

Altitude; Biogeography; Limestone; Mangrove; Metapopulation; Panbiogeography; Subsidence; Tectonics; Uplift

Indexed keywords

ALTITUDE; BIODIVERSITY; BIOGEOGRAPHY; COASTAL ZONE; LIMESTONE; MANGROVE; METAPOPULATION; PHYLOGENETICS; PLANT; SEED;

FIJI; MELANESIA; PACIFIC ISLANDS; PACIFIC OCEAN;

ORCHIDACEAE; RUBIACEAE; SPERMATOPHYTA;

EID: 33645977242     PISSN: 00244066     EISSN: 10958312     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8312.2006.00682.x     Document Type: Article

References (152)

1. Adams CD. 1972. Flowering plants of Jamaica. Mona: University of the West Indies.
2. Adema FACB. 1991. Cupaniopsis Rdlk. (Sapindaceae): a monograph. Leiden Botanical Series 15: 1-190.
3. Adema F, Leenhouts PW, van Welzen PC. 1994. Sapindaceae. Flora Malesiana 1: 419-768.
4. Agassiz A. 1899. The islands and coral reefs of Fiji. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College 33: 1-167.
5. Airy Shaw HK. 1980. The Euphorbiaceae of New Guinea. Kew: Royal Botanic Gardens.
6. Ash J. 1992. Vegetation ecology of Fiji: past, present, and future perspectives. Pacific Science 46: 111-127.
7. Axelrod DI. 1959. Poleward migration of early angiosperm flora. Science 130: 203-207.
8. Axelrod DI. 1970. Mesozoic palaeogeography and early angiosperm history. Botanical Review 36: 277-319.
9. Backer CA, Bakhuizen van den Brink RC Jr. 1963-68. Flora of Java. Groningen: Noordhoff.
10. Backer CA, van Steenis CGGJ. 1951. Sonneratiaceae. Flora Malesiana I, 4: 280-289.
11. van Balgooy MMJ. 1971. Plant-geography of the Pacific. Blumea Supplement 6: 1-207.
12. van Balgooy MMJ, Hovenkamp PH, van Welzen PC. 1996. Phytogeography of the Pacific - floristic and historical distribution patterns in plants. In: Keast A, Miller SE, eds. The origin and evolution of Pacific Island biotas, New Guinea to Polynesia: patterns and processes. Amsterdam: SPB Academic, 191-213.
13. Beadle NCW. 1981. The vegetation of Australia. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
14. Bleeker P. 1983. Soils of Papua New Guinea. Canberra: CSIRO/ANU.
15. Bobrov AV, Melikjan AP. 1998. Specific structures of seed coat in Podocarpaceae Endlicher, 1847, and a possibility of using them in family systematics [In Russian]. Bulletin of Moscow Society of Naturalists 103: 56-62.
16. Brookfield HC, Hart D. 1971. Melanesia: a geographical interpretation of an island world. London: Methuen.
17. Brownlie G. 1977. The pteridophyte flora of Fiji (Beihefte Zur Nova Hedwigia 55). Vaduz: Cramer.
18. Carlquist S. 1989. Wood and bark anatomy of Degeneria. Aliso 12: 485-495.
19. Chapman VJ. 1976. Mangrove vegetation. Vaduz: Cramer.
20. Cheeseman TF. 1903. The flora of Rarotonga, the chief island of the Cook Group. Transactions of the Linnean Society of London (second series) 6: 161-213.
21. Christophersen E. 1935. Flowering plants of Samoa. Bulletin of the Bernice P. Bishop Museum 38: 1-221.
22. Clement WL, Tebbitt MC, Forrest LL, Blair JE, Brouillet L, Eriksson T, Swensen SM. 2004. Phylogenetic position and biogeography of Hillebrandia sandwicensis (Begoniaceae): a rare Hawaiian relict. American Journal of Botany 91: 905-917.
23. Coetzee JA, Muller J. 1984. The phytogeographic significance of some extinct Gondwana pollen types from the Tertiary of the southwestern Cape (South Africa). Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 71: 1088-1099.
24. Corner EJH. 1963. Ficus in the Pacific region. In: Gressitt JL, ed. Pacific Basin biogeography: a symposium. Honolulu: Bishop Museum, 233-245.
25. Craig DA, Currie DC, Joy DA. 2001. Geographical history of the centrral-western Pacific black fly subgenus Inseliellum (Diptera: Simuliidae: Simulium) based on a reconstructed phylogeny of the species, hot-spot archipelagoes and hydrological considerations. Journal of Biogeography 28: 1101-1127.
26. Craw RC, Grehan JR, Heads MJ. 1999. Panbiogeography: tracking the history of life. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
27. Cribb P, Whistler WA. 1996. Orchids of Samoa. Kew: Royal Botanic Gardens.
28. Croizat L. 1964. Space, time, form: the biological synthesis. Caracas: Published by the Author.
29. Davis JH. 1940. The ecology and geologic role of mangroves in Florida. Papers of the Tortugas Laboratory 32 (Publications of the Carnegie Institute) 517: 303-341.
30. De Kok RPJ, Mabberley DJ. 1999. The genus Faradaya (Labiatae). Blumea 44: 321-342.
31. De Laubenfels DJ. 1985. A taxonomic revision of the genus Podocarpus. Blumea 30: 251-276.
32. De Laubenfels DJ, Adema F. 1998. A taxonomic revision of Cycas and Epicycas gen. nov. Blumea 43: 351-400.
33. De Wilde WJJO. 1994. Taxonomic review of Myristica (Myristicaceae) in the Pacific. Blumea 38: 349-406.
34. Ding Hou. 1958. Rhizophoraceae. Flora Malesiana I, 5: 429-494.
35. Ding Hou. 1964. Celastraceae. Flora Malesiana I, 6: 227-288; 389-421.
36. Ding Hou. 1978. Anacardiaceae. Flora Malesiana I, 8: 395-548.
37. Dowling RM, McDonald TJ. 1982. Mangrove communities of Queensland. In: Clough BF, ed. Mangrove ecosystems in Australia: structure, function and management. Canberra: Australian Institute of Marine Science/Australian National University Press, 79-93.
38. Doyle MF, Fuller D. 1998. Palms of Fiji - I. Endemic, indigenous, and naturalized species: changes in nomenclature, annotated checklist, and discussion. Harvard Papers in Botany 3: 95-100.
39. Doyle JA, Hickey LJ. 1976. Pollen and leaves from the Mid-Cretaceous Potomac Group and their bearing on early angiosperm evolution. In: Beck CB, ed. Evolution of angiosperms. New York, NY: Columbia University Press, 139-206.
40. Duffels JP, Turner H. 2002. Cladistic analysis and biogeography of the cicadas of the Indo-Pacific subtribe Cosmopsaltriina (Hemiptera: Cicadoidea: Cicadidae). Systematic Entomology 27: 235-261.
41. Esser H-J. 1999. A partial revision of the Hippomaneae (Euphorbiaceae) in Malesia. Blumea 44: 149-215.
42. Gentry A. 1987. Book review of P.B. Tomlinson, 1986, 'The botany of mangroves'. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 74: 460-462.
43. Gillespie RG. 2002. Biogeography of spiders on remote oceanic islands of the Pacific: archipelagoes as stepping stones? Journal of Biogeography 29: 655-662.
44. Gillett GW. 1973. The genus Cyrtandra (Gesneriaceae) in the South Pacific. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
45. Grewe F. 1941. Afrikanische Mangrovelandschaften, Verbreitung und wirtschaftsgeographische Bedeutung. Wissenschaftliche Veröffentlichungen der Deutshe Museum für Länderkunde N.F. 9: 105-177.
46. Guppy HB. 1906. Observations of a naturalist in the Pacific between 1896 and 1899, vol. II. Plant-dispersal. London: Macmillan.
47. Hahn WJ. 2002. A molecular phylogenetic study of the Palmae (Arecaceae) based on atpB, rbcL, and 18S nrDNA sequences. Systematic Biology 51: 92-112.
48. Hartley TG. 2001. On the taxonomy and biogeography of Euodia and Melicope (Rutaceae). Allertonia 8: 1-328.
49. Heads M. 1990a. Integrating earth and life sciences in New Zealand natural history: the parallel arcs model. New Zealand Journal of Zoology 16: 549-586.
50. Heads M. 1990b. Mesozoic tectonics and the deconstruction of biogeography: a new model of Australasian biology. Journal of Biogeography 17: 223-225.
51. Heads M. 1990c. A taxonomic revision of Kelleria and Drapetes (Thymelaeaceae). Australian Systematic Botany 3: 595-652.
52. Heads M. 1998a. Biogeographic disjunction along the Alpine fault, New Zealand. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 63: 161-176.
53. Heads M. 1998b. Biodiversity in the New Zealand divaricating tree daisies: Olearia sect. nov. (Compositae: Astereae). Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 127: 239-285.
54. Heads M. 1999. Vicariance biogeography and terrane tectonics in the South Pacific: an analysis of the genus Abrotanella (Compositae), with a new species from New Zealand. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 67: 391-432.
55. Heads M. 2001. Birds of paradise, biogeography and ecology in New Guinea: a review. Journal of Biogeography 28: 893-927.
56. Heads M. 2003. Ericaceae in Malesia: vicariance biogeography, terrane tectonics and ecology. Telopea 10: 311-449.
57. Heads M. 2005a. Towards a panbiogeography of the seas. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 84: 675-723.
58. Heads M. 2005b. The history and philosophy of panbiogeography. In: Llorente J, Morrone JJ, eds. Regionalización biogeográfica en Iberoamérica. Mexico City: Las Prensas de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 67-123.
59. Heads M, Patrick B. 2003. The biogeography of southern New Zealand. In: Darby J, Fordyce RE, Mark A, Probert K, Townsend C, eds. The natural history of southern New Zealand. Dunedin: University of Otago Press, 89-100.
60. Hill KD. 1994. The Cycas rumphii complex (Cycadaceae) in New Guinea and the western Pacific. Australian Systematic Botany 7: 543-567.
61. Hill KD. 1996. Cycads in the Pacific. In: Keast A, Miller SE, eds. The origin and evolution of Pacific Island biotas, New Guinea to Eastern Polynesia: patterns and processes. Amsterdam: SPB Academic, 267-274.
62. Hill RS, Carpenter RJ. 1991. Evolution of Acmopyle and Dacrycarpus (Podocarpaceae) foliage as inferred from macrofossils in southeastern Australia. Australian Systematic Botany 4: 449-479.
63. Hillebrand W. 1888. Flora of the Hawaiian islands. London: Williams & Norgate.
64. Holbrook NM, Putz FE. 1982. Vegetative seaward expansion of Sonneratia alba trees in a Malaysian mangrove forest. Malayan Forester 45: 278-281.
65. Horne J. 1881. A year in Fiji. London: Eyre & Spottiswoode.
66. Hutchinson J, Dalziel JM. 1954. Flora of West Tropical Africa, 2nd edn. Revised by Keay RWJ. London: Crown Agents for Overseas Governments and Administrations.
67. Iredale T. 1950. Birds of paradise and bowerbirds. Melbourne: Georgian House.
68. Jacobs M. 1955. Malpighiaceae. Flora Malesiana 1: 125-145.
69. Jaffré T, Morat P, Veillon J-M, Rigault F, Dagostini G. 2001. Composition et caractérisation de la Flore Indigène de Nouvelle-Calédonie. Nouméa: Institut de Recherche pour le Développement.
70. Jansen RK. 1985. The systematics of Acmella (Asteraceae - Heliantheae). Systematic Botany Monographs 8: 1-115.
71. Johnson H. 1994. Structure and petroleum geology of the Bligh Water and Bau Waters Basins, Fiji. In: Stevenson AJ, Herzer RH, Balance PF, eds. Geology and submarine resources of the Tonga-Lau-Fiji region. Suva: South Pacific Applied Geoscience Commission, 171-184.
72. Kay EA. 1980. Little worlds of the Pacific: an essay on Pacific Basin biogeography. Honolulu: Harold L. Lyon Arboretum, University of Hawaii.
73. Kellogg EA, Weitzman AL. 1985. A note on the Oceanic species of Melicytus (Violaceae). Journal of the Arnold Arboretum 66: 491-502.
74. Keppel G. 2001. Notes on the natural history of Cycas seemannii (Cycadaceae). South Pacific Journal of Natural Science [Suva] 19: 35-41.
75. Krašan F. 1883. Über die Bedeutung der gegenwärtigen Vertikalzonen der Pflanzen für die Kenntniss von den allmählichen Niveauerveränderungen der Erdoberfläche. Englers Botanische Jahrbücher 4: 266-307.
76. LaHaye PA, Epstein E. 1969. Salt toleration by plants: enhancement with calcium. Science 166: 395-396.
77. Leenhouts PW. 1968. A conspectus of the genus Allophylus (Sapindaceae). Blumea 15: 301-385.
78. Lincoln RJ, Boxshall GA, Clark PF. 1982. A dictionary of ecology, evolution and systematics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
79. Löffler E. 1977. Geomorphology of Papua New Guinea. Canberra: CSIRO/Australian National University Press.
80. Macnae W. 1968. A general account of the fauna and flora of mangrove swamps and forests in the Indo-West-Pacific Region. Advances in Marine Biology 6: 73-270.
81. McClatchey W, Thaman R, Vodonaivalu S. 2000. A preliminary checklist of the flora of Rotuma with Rotuman names. Pacific Science 54: 345-363.
82. Mepham RH, Mepham JS. 1985. The flora of tidal forests - a rationalisation of the use of the term 'mangrove'. South African Journal of Botany 51: 77-99.
83. Meyer FG. 1976. A revision of the genus Koelreuteria (Sapindaceae). Journal of the Arnold Arboretum 57: 129-166.
84. Middleton DJ. 1997. A revision of Carruthersia Seemann (Apocynaceae). Blumea 42: 489-498.
85. Middleton DJ. 2002. Revision of Alyxia (Apocynaceae). Part 2: Pacific Islands and Australia. Blumea 47: 1-93.
86. Miller JM. 1988. A new species of Degeneria (Degeneriaceae) from the Fiji Archipelago. Journal of the Arnold Arboretum 69: 275-280.
87. Miller JM. 1989. The archaic flowering plant family Degeneriaceae: its bearing on an old enigma. National Geographic Research 5: 218-231.
88. Miller HA, Whittier HO, Whittier BA. 1983. Prodromus florae Hepaticorum Polynesiae. Vaduz: Cramer.
89. Newby LC. 1982. Halophytes. In: Schwartz ML, ed. The encyclopedia of beaches and coastal environments. (Encyclopedia of earth sciences, Vol. 15). Stroudsburg, PA: Hutchinson Ross.
90. Nooteboom HP. 1964. Simaroubaceae. Flora Malesiana I, 6: 193-226.
91. Nooteboom HP. 1977. Symplocaceae. Flora Malesiana I, 8: 205-274.
92. Nunn PD. 1994. Oceanic islands. Oxford: Blackwell.
93. Nunn PD. 1998a. Pacific Island landscapes: landscape and geological development of southwest Pacific Islands, especially Fiji, Samoa and Tonga. Suva: Institute of Pacific Studies, University of the South Pacific.
94. Nunn PD. 1998b. Late Neogene tectonic change on the islands of the northern Lau-Colville Ridge, SW Pacific. In: Stewart I, Vita-Finiz C, eds. Coastal tectonics. London: Geological Society of London Special Publication, 269-278.
95. Nunn PD. 2000. Coastal changes over the past 200 years around Ovalau and Moturiki Islands, Fiji: implications for costal zone management. Australian Geographer 31: 21-39.
96. Nunn PD, Ollier C, Hope G, Rodda P, Omura A, Peltier WR. 2002. Late Quaternary sea-level and tectonic changes in northeast Fiji. Marine Geology 187: 299-311.
97. Pannell CM. 1992. A taxonomic monograph of the genus Aglaia Lour. (Meliaceae). Kew Bulletin Additional Series 16: 1-379.
98. Pennington TD. 1969. Materials for a monograph of the Meliaceae. I. A revision of the genus Vavaea. Blumea 17: 351-366.
99. Percival M, Womersley JS. 1975. Floristics and ecology of the mangrove vegetation of Papua New Guinea. Lae: Division of Botany.
100. Perera LKRR, Robinson MF, Mansfield TA. 1995. Responses of the stomata of Aster tripolium to calcium and sodium ions in relation to salinity tolerance. Journal of Experimental Botany 46: 623-629.
101. Pfeil BE, Brubaker CL, Craven LA, Crisp MD. 2002. Phylogeny of Hibiscus and the tribe Hibisceae (Malvaceae) using chloroplast DNA sequences of ndhF and the rp116 intron. Systematic Botany 27: 333-350.
102. Pratt TK. 1982. Biogeography of birds in New Guinea. In: Gressitt JL, ed. Biogeography and ecology in New Guinea. The Hague: Junk, 815-836.
103. Radcliffe-Smith AR. 2001. Genera Euphorbiacearum. Kew: Royal Botanic Gardens.
104. Raven PH. 1963. The Old World species of Ludwigia (including Jussiaea), with a synopsis of the genus (Onagraceae). Reinwardtia 6: 327-427.
105. Raven PH. 1977. Onagraceae. Flora Malesiana 1: 98-107.
106. Retallack G, Dilcher D. 1981. A coastal hypothesis for the rise to dominance of flowering plants. In: Niklas K, eds. Paleobotany, Paleoecology and Evolution, vol. 2. New York, NY: Praeger, 27-77.
107. Rigamoto RR. 2001. A floristic survey of the coastal littoral vegetation of Rotuma, Unpublished MSc Thesis, University of the South Pacific.
108. Rodda P. 1994. Geology of Fiji. In: Stevenson AJ, Herzer RH, Balance PF, eds. Geology and submarine resources of the Tonga-Lau-Fiji region. Suva: South Pacific Applied Geoscience Commission, 131-151.
109. Ruthsatz B. 1978. Las plantas en cojín de los semi-desiertos andinos del Noroeste Argentina. Darwiniana 21: 494-539.
110. Sági B, Erdei L. 2002. Distinct physiological characteristics of two subspecies of Aster tripolium L. Proceedings of the Seventh Hungarian Congress in Plant Physiology. 257-258.
111. Savolainen V, Fay MF, Albach DC, Backlund A, van der Bank M, Cameron KM, Johnson SA, Lledó MD, Pintaud JC, Powell M, Shehan MC, Soltis DE, Soltis PS, Weston P, Whitten WM, Wurdack KJ, Chase MW. 2000. Phylogeny of the eudicots: a nearly complete familial analysis based on rbcL gene sequences. Kew Bulletin 55: 257-309.
112. Schodde R, Mason IJ, Gill HB. 1982. The avifauna of the Australian mangroves: a brief review of composition, structure and origin. In: Clough BF, ed. Mangrove ecosystems in Australia: structure, function and management. Canberra: Australian Institute of Marine Science/Australian National University Press, 141-150.
113. Seemann B. 1865-73. Flora Vitiensis. London: Reeven.
114. Seemann B. 1862 [1973]. Viti: an account of a government mission to the Vitian or Fijian Islands, London: Dawsons, 1860-1861.
115. Sidiyasa K. 1998. Taxonomy, phylogeny, and wood anatomy of Alstonia (Apocynaceae). Blumea Supplement 11: 1-230.
116. Sleumer H. 1971. Icacinaceae. Flora Malesiana I, 7: 1-87.
117. Smith AC. 1951. The vegetation and flora of Fiji. Scientific Monthly July: 3-15.
118. Smith AC. 1955. Phanerogam genera with distributions terminating in Fiji. Journal of the Arnold Arboretum 36: 272-292.
119. Smith AC. 1970. The Pacific as a key to flowering plant history. Honolulu: Harold L. Lyon Arboretum, University of Hawaii.
120. Smith AC. 1979-96. Flora Vitiensis nova: a new flora of Fiji (spermatophytes only). Lawai, Kauai: Pacific Tropical Botanical Garden.
121. Solem A. 1983. Endodontoid land snails from Pacific islands (Mollusca: Pulmonata: Sigmurethra). Part II. Families Punctidae and Charopidae, zoogeography. Chicago, IL: Field Museum.
122. Soltis DE, Soltis PS, Chase MW, Mort MA, Albach DC, Zanis M, Savolainen V, Hahn WH, Hoot SB, Fay MF, Axtell M, Swensen SM, Prince LM, Kress WJ, Nixon KC, Farris JS. 2000. Angiosperm phylogeny inferred from 18S rDNA, rbcL and atpB sequences. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 133: 381-461.
123. Specht RL. 1981. Biogeography of halophytic angiosperms (salt-marsh, mangrove and sea-grass). In: Keast A, ed. Ecological biogeography of Australia. The Hague: Junk, 582-602.
124. Spironello M, Brooks DR. 2003. Dispersal and diversification: macroevolutionary implications of the MacArthur-Wilson model, illustrated by Simulium (Inseliellum) Rubstov (Diptera: Simuliidae). Journal of Biogeography 30: 1563-1573.
125. Springer VG. 1982. Pacific plate biogeography, with special reference to shorefishes. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology 367: 1-182.
126. Springer VG. 1999. Ecsenius polystictus, new species of blenniid fish from Mentawai Islands, Indonesia, with notes on other species of Ecsenius. Revue Français Aquariologie 16: 39-48.
127. Springer VG. 2002. Ecsenius niue, new species of blenniid fish, and new distribution records for other species in the Opsifrontalis species group. Zootaxa 72: 1-6.
128. van Steenis CGCJ. 1934. On the origin of the Malaysian mountain flora. Part 2. Altitudinal zones, general considerations and renewed statement of the problem. Bulletin du Jardin Botanique de Buitenzorg 3: 288-417.
129. van Steenis CGGJ. 1958. Rhizophoraceae: ecology. Flora Malesiana 1: 431-444.
130. van Steenis CGGJ. 1963. Miscellaneous notes on New Guinea plants VII. 21. An interesting inland habitat of Sonneratia caseolaris (L.) Engl. Nova Guinea New Series 12: 189.
131. van Steenis CGGJ. 1972. Sonneratiaceae. Addenda, corrigenda and emendanda. Flora Malesiana 1: 973-976.
132. van Steenis CGGJ. 1984. Three more mangrove trees growing locally in nature in freshwater. Blumea 29: 395-397.
133. Stoddart DR, Bryan GW, Gibbs PE. 1973. Inland mangroves and water chemistry, Barbuda, West Indies. Journal of Natural History 7: 33-46.
134. Streimann H. 1983. The plants of the Upper Watut watershed of Papua New Guinea. Canberra: National Botanic Gardens.
135. Tabunakawai K, Reigber E, Waqainabeta S, de Veletter Y, Ravuvu A, Noau P. 1996. A guide to some indigenous Fijian trees. Suva: Department of Forestry.
136. Tobe K, Zhang L, Omasa K. 2003. Alleviatory effects of calcium on the toxicity of sodium, potassium and magnesium chlorides to seed germination in three non-halophytes. Seed Science Research 13: 47-54.
137. Tolmachev AI. 1970. The roles of migration and autochthonous development in the formation of the high-mountain flora. In: Sukachev VN, ed. Studies on the flora and vegetation of high mountain areas. Jerusalem: Academy of Sciences USSR/Israel Program for Scientific Translations, 9-21.
138. Tomlinson PB. 1986. The botany of mangroves. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
139. Turner H. 1995. Cladistic and biogeographic analysis of Arytera Blume and Mischarytera gen. nov. (Sapindaceae), with notes on methodology and a full taxonomic revision. Blumea Supplement 9: 1-230.
140. Wagner WL, Herbst DR, Sohmer SH. 1999. Manual of the flowering plants of Hawaii. Hawaii: University of Hawaii Press/Bishop Museum Press.
141. Watkins A. 1994. A biogeographic database for seed plants of Fiji: a preliminary communication. South Pacific Journal of Natural Science [Suva] 15: 75-96.
142. Watling D. 2001. A guide to the birds of Fiji and Western Polynesia. Suva: Environmental Consultants (Fiji).
143. Watling D. 2005. Palms of the Fiji Islands. Suva: Environmental Consultants (Fiji).
144. van Welzen PC. 1994. A taxonomic revision of S.E. Asian Chaetocarpus Thwaites (Euphorbiaceae). Rheedea 4: 93-101.
145. Whistler WA. 1986. A revision of Psychotria (Rubiaceae) in Samoa. Journal of the Arnold Arboretum 67: 341-370.
146. Whistler WA. 2002. The Samoan rainforest: a guide to the vegetation of the Samoon archipelago. Honolulu: Isle Botanica.
147. Whitmore TC. 1969. The vegetation of the Solomon Islands. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B 255: 259-270.
148. Whitmore TC. 1984. The tropical rain forests of the Far East, 2nd edn. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
149. Whittier HO. 1975. A preliminary list of Fijian mosses. Florida Scientist 38: 85-106.
150. Woodroffe CD. 1987. Pacific island mangroves: distribution and environmental settings. Pacific Science 41: 166-185.
151. Zona S, Fuller D. 1999. A revision of Veitchia (Arecaceae - Arecoideae). Harvard Papers in Botany 4: 543-560.
152. Zug GR. 1991. Lizards of Fiji: natural history and systematics. Honolulu: Bishop Museum Press.