The Camouflage Effect: Separating Achieved Status and Unearned Privilege in Organizations

Research on Managing Groups and Teams

Volumn 7, Issue , 2005, Pages 259-281

  Rosette, Ashleigh Shelby ^a   Thompson, Leigh ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 33645851355     PISSN: 15340856     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: 10.1016/S1534-0856(05)07011-8     Document Type: Review

References (83)

1. Ancis J.R., and Szymanski D.M. Awareness of White privilege among White counseling trainees. The Counseling Psychologist 29 4 (2001) 548-569
2. Anderson B., Berger J., Cohen B.P., and Zelditch Jr. M. Status classes in organizations. Administrative Science Quarterly 11 2 (1966) 264-283
3. Arminio J. Exploring the nature of race-related guilt. Multicultural Counseling and Development 29 (2001) 239-252
4. Babcock L., and Laschever S. Women don't ask: Negotiation and the gender divide (2003), Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ
5. Baron J.N., and Bielby W. The proliferation of job titles in organizations. Administrative Science Quarterly 31 (1986) 561-586
6. Beaman L.G. The myth of pluralism, diversity, and vigor: The constitutional privilege of Protestantism in the United States and Canada. Journal of the Scientific Study of Religion 42 3 (2003) 311-325
7. Berger J., Cohen B.P., and Zelditch Jr. M. Status characteristics and social interaction. American Sociological Review 37 3 (1972) 241-255
8. Bertrand, M., & Mullainathan, S. (2003). Are Emily and Greg more employable than Lakisha and Jamal? A field experiment on labor market discrimination. Working paper. University of Chicago Graduate School of Business, Chicago.
9. Butryn T.M. Critically examining White racial identity and privilege in sport psychology consulting. The Sport Psychologist 16 (2002) 316-336
10. Carnevale A.P., and Rose S.J. Socio-economic status, race/ethnicity, and selective college admissions (2003), The Century Foundation, New York
11. Carroll J., and Roof W.C. Beyond establishment (1993), Knox/Westminster Press, Louisville, KY
12. Christopher R. Crashing the gates (1989), Simon and Schuster, New York
13. Cleveland J.N., Stockdale M., and Murphy K.R. Women and men in organizations: Sex and gender issues at work (2000), Erlbaum, Mahwah, NJ
14. Davidson J.D. Religion among America's elite: Persistence and change in the Protestant establishment. Sociology of Religion 55 4 (1994) 419-440
15. Davidson J.D., Pyle R.E., and Reyes D.V. Persistence and change in the Protestant establishment, 1930-1992. Social Forces 74 1 (1995) 157-175
16. Deliege R. Replication and consensus: Untouchability, caste, and ideology in India. Man 27 1 (1992) 155-173
17. DeNavas-Walt C., Cleveland R., and Webster Jr. B.H. Income in the United States: 2002. Current populations reports (2003), U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 60-221
18. DiTomaso, N. (2001). The American non-dilemma: The reproduction of racial inequality without racism. Unpublished Working Paper. Rutgers University, New Jersey.
19. Dorsey, P. (2003, August 27). Executive perks pick shareholders' pockets. Morningstar.com. Retrieved September 7, 2003, from http://biz.yahoo.com/ms/030827/95728_2.html
20. Dressel P. Patriarchy and social welfare work. Social Problems 34 (1987) 294-309
21. Dressel P. Welfare workers as surplus population: A useful model. Journal of Sociology and Social Welfare 15 (1988) 87-103
22. Dunning D., Leuenberger A., and Sherman D.A. A new look at motivated inference: Are self-serving theories of success a product of motivational forces. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 69 (1995) 58-68
23. Edelman L.B. Legal ambiguity and symbolic structures: Organizational mediation of civil rights law. American Journal of Sociology 97 6 (1992) 1531-1576
24. Farrell, G. (2003). More NYSE salaries to be disclosed. USA Today. Retrieved October 3, 2003, from http://story.news.yahoo.com/news?tmp/=story&u=/usatoday/2003/003/bs_usatoday/1183463
25. Gerth H.H., and Mills C.W. From Max Weber: Essays in sociology (1970), Routledge & Kegan Paul Ltd, London
26. Giele J.Z. Gender and sex roles. In: Smelser N.J. (Ed). Handbook of sociology (1988), Sage Publications, Newbury Park 291-323
27. Golden, D. (2003a). A look at who got in where, shows preferences go beyond racial ones. Wall Street Journal, 1, April 25.
28. Golden, D. (2003b). Preference for alumni children in college admission draws fire. Wall Street Journal, 1, January 15.
29. Goldthorpe J.H. Social mobility and class structure in modern Britain (1980), Clarendon Press, Oxford
30. Gonsiorek J.C. The empirical basis for the demise of the illness model of homosexuality. In: Gonsiorek J.C., and Weinrich J.D. (Eds). Homosexuality: Research implications for public policy (1991), Sage, Newbury Park, CA 115-136
31. Greenberg J. Approaching equity and avoiding inequity in groups and organizations. In: Greenberg J., and Cohen R.L. (Eds). Equity and justice in social behavior (1982), Academic Press, New York 389-435
32. Greenberg J. Equity and workplace status: A field experiment. Journal of Applied Psychology 73 4 (1988) 606-613
33. Greenberg J., and Ornstein S. High status job title as compensation for underpayment: A test of equity theory. Journal of Applied Psychology 68 (1983) 285-297
34. Griffin L.J., and Kalleberg A.L. Stratification and meritocracy in the United States: Class and occupational recruitment patterns. The British Journal of Sociology 32 1 (1981) 1-38
35. Harrington A. Coke denied ... prevention is the best defense. Fortune 142 July 10 (2000) 188
36. Henze R., Lucas T., and Scott B. Dancing with the monster: Teachers discuss racism power, and White, privilege in education. The Urban Review 30 3 (1998) 187-210
37. Jacques R. The unbearable whiteness of being: Reflections of a pale, stale male. In: Prasad P., Mills A.J., Elmes M., and Prasad A. (Eds). Managing the organizational melting pot (1997), Sage, London 80-106
38. Jencks C. The determinants of economic success in America (1979), Basic Books, New York
39. Jost J.T., and Banaji M.R. The role of stereotyping in system-justification and the production of false consciousness. British Journal of Social Psychology 33 (1994) 1-27
40. Kunda Z. The case for motivated reasoning. Psychological Bulletin 108 (1990) 480-498
41. Lerner M.J. The belief in a just world: A fundamental delusion (1980), Plenum, New York
42. Linton R. The study of man (1936), D. Appleton-Century Company, New York
43. Manglitz E. Challenging White privilege in adult education: A critical review of the literature. Adult Education Quarterly 53 2 (2003) 119-134
44. Marsden R. Class discipline: IR/HR and the normalization of the workforce. In: Prasad P., Mills A.J., Elmes M., and Prasad A. (Eds). Managing the melting pot: Dilemmas of workplace diversity (1997), Sage, Thousand Oaks, CA 107-128
45. Marshall G., and Swift A. Social class and social justice. British Journal of Sociology 44 2 (1993) 187-211
46. Martin P.Y. Feminism and management. In: Fagenson E. (Ed). Women in management: Trends, perspectives, and challenges (1991), Sage, Newbury Park, CT
47. Marx K. Capital: The process of production as a whole Vol. 3 (1967), International Publishers, New York
48. Marx K., and Engels F. Manifesto of the Communist party, Karl Marx and Frederick Engels selected works (1962), Foreign Languages Publishing House, Moscow
49. McIntosh, P. (1988). White privilege and male privilege: A personal account of coming to see correspondences through work in women's studies. Working Paper no. 189. Wellesley College Center for Research on Women.
50. Mencher J.P. The caste system upside down, or the not-so-mysterious east. Current Anthropology 15 4 (1974) 469-493
51. Miller D.T., and Ross M. Self-serving biases in the attribution causality: Fact or fiction. Psychological Bulletin 82 (1975) 213-225
52. Miller J. Pathways in the workplace (1986), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge & New York
53. Morrison A.M., and Von Glinow M.A. Women and minorities in management. American Psychologist 45 (1990) 200-208
54. Nelson R.L., and Bridges W.P. Legalizing gender inequality: Courts, markets, and unequal pay for women in America (2002), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
55. Oseen C. The sexually specific subject and the dilemma of difference. In: Prasad P., Mills A.J., Elmes M., and Prasad A. (Eds). Managing the organizational melting pot: Dilemmas of workplace diversity (1997), Sage, London
56. Padavic I., and Reskin B. Women and men at work. 2nd ed (2002), Sage, Thousand Oaks, CA
57. Powell G.N., and Graves L.M. Women and men in management. 3rd ed (2003), Sage, Thousand Oaks, CA
58. Pratto F., Sidanius J., Stallworth L.M., and Malle B.F. Social dominance orientation: A personality variable predicting social and political attitudes. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 67 4 (1994) 741-763
59. Pyszczynski T., and Greenberg J. Toward an integration of cognitive and motivational perspectives on social inference: A biased hypothesis testing model. In: Berkowitz L. (Ed). Advances in experimental social psychology Vol. 20 (1987), Academic Press, San Diego CA 297-340
60. Reskin B.F. Including mechanisms in our models of ascriptive inequality. American Sociological Review 68 February (2003) 1-21
61. Ridgeway C.L. The social construction of status beliefs: Gender and other nominal characteristics. Social Forces 70 (1991) 367-386
62. Ridgeway C.L. The formation of status beliefs: Improving status construction theory. In: Lawler E.J., Macy M., Thye S.R., and Walker H.A. (Eds). Advances in group processes Vol. 17 (2000), JAI Press, Greenwich CT 77-102
63. Ridgeway C.L. The emergence of status beliefs. In: Jost J.T., and Major B. (Eds). The psychology of legitimacy (2001), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 257-277
64. Ridgeway C.L., Boyle E.H., Kuipers K.J., and Robinson D.T. How do status beliefs develop? The role of resources and international experience. American Sociological Review 63 3 (1998) 331-350
65. Sampson E.E. Status congruence and cognitive consistency. Sociometry 26 2 (1963) 146-162
66. Schlosser L.Z. Christian privilege: Breaking a sacred taboo. Journal of Multicultural Counseling and Development 31 (2003) 44-51
67. Schuster M., and Miller C.S. An empirical assessment of the Age Discrimination in Employment Act. Industrial and Labor Relations Review 38 1 (1984) 64-74
68. Schwartz S. Beyond individualism/collectivism: New cultural dimensions of values. In: Kim U., Triandis H.C., and Yoon G. (Eds). Individualism and collectivism (1994), Sage, London
69. Simoni J.M., and Walters K.L. Heterosexuality identity and heterosexism: Recognizing privilege to reduce prejudice. Journal of Homosexuality 41 1 (2001) 157-172
70. Simpson J. Easy talk, white talk, back talk: Some reflections on the meanings of our words. Journal of Contemporary Ethnography 25 3 (1996) 372-389
71. Sorkin, A. R. (2003). Attack and parry as Tyco arguments open. New York Times. Retrieved October 8, 2003, from http://www.nytimes.com/2003/10/08/business/08TYCO.html
72. Strauss, G. (2003, August 5). Pricey perk lets executives fly high. USA Today. Retrieved September 9, 2003, from http://www.usatoday.com/trave/news/2003/08/05-ceo-jets.htm
73. Sundstrom E. Work places (1986), Cambridge University Press, New York
74. Supreme Court of the United States. (2003). Grutter v. Bollinger et al., Certiorari of the United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit (No. 02-241).
75. Tienda M., Smith S.S., and Ortiz V. Industrial restructuring, gender, segregation, and sex differences in earnings. American Sociological Review 52 (1987) 195-210
76. University of Michigan Archives. (2001). Former undergraduate admissions policy: Excerpted from U-M 6th Circuit Brief of June 5, 2001. Retrieved on March 3, 2004, from http://www.umich.edu/~urel/admissions/archivedocs/
77. U.S. District Court (1997). Gratz & Hamacher v. Bollinger et al., Civil action complaint (No. 97-75231).
78. Webster Jr. M., and Driskell Jr. J.E. Status generalization: A review and some new data. American Sociological Review 43 (1978) 220-236
79. White L., and Lacy N. The effects of age at home leaving and pathways from home on educational attainment. Journal of Marriage and Family 59 4 (1997) 982-985
80. Wildman S.M. Privilege in the workplace: The missing element in antidiscrimination law. In: Wildman S.M. (Ed). Privilege revealed: How invisible preference undermines America (1996), New York University Press, New York
81. Winters, G. (2001). Coca-cola still faces suits in race discrimination case. New York Times, July 7, Online.
82. Wodatch J. The ADA: What it says. Worklife 3 3 (1990)
83. Zuckerman M. Attribution of success and failure revisited, or the motivational bias is alive and well in attribution theory. Journal of Personality 47 (1979) 245-285