Competitive technologies of third generation infrared photon detectors

Opto-Electronics Review

Volumn 14, Issue 1, 2006, Pages 87-101

  Rogalski, A ^a  

^a MILITARY UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY   (Poland)

Author keywords

HgCdTe detectors; QWIPs; Third generation detectors; Type II superlattices

Indexed keywords

FOCAL PLANE ARRAYS; GALLIUM COMPOUNDS; II-VI SEMICONDUCTORS; III-V SEMICONDUCTORS; INDIUM ARSENIDE; INFRARED DETECTORS; INFRARED DEVICES; INFRARED RADIATION; MILITARY APPLICATIONS; PARTICLE BEAMS; PHOTODETECTORS; PHOTONS; SEMICONDUCTING ANTIMONY COMPOUNDS; SEMICONDUCTOR ALLOYS; SEMICONDUCTOR QUANTUM WELLS;

HGCDTE DETECTORS; INFRARED APPLICATIONS; LONG-WAVELENGTH INFRARED; QWIPS; THERMAL RESOLUTION; THIRD GENERATION; THIRD GENERATION SYSTEMS; TYPE-II SUPERLATTICES;

QUANTUM WELL INFRARED PHOTODETECTORS;

EID: 33645770691     PISSN: 12303402     EISSN: 18963757     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2478/s11772-006-0012-2     Document Type: Conference Paper

References (47)

1. P.R. Norton, "Infrared detectors in the next millennium", Proc. SPIE 3698, 652-665 (1999).
2. P. Norton, J. Campbell, S. Horn, and D. Reago, "Third-generation infrared imagers", Proc. SPIE 4130, 226-236 (2000).
3. P.R. Norton, "Third-generation sensors for night vision", Opto-Electron. Rev. 14, 1-10 (2006).
4. A. Rogalski, "Optical detectors for focal plane arrays", Opto-Electron. Rev. 12, 221-245 (2004).
5. P. Norton, "HgCdTe infrared detectors", Opto-Electron. Rev. 10, 159-174 (2002).
6. A. Rogalski, "HgCdTe infrared detector material: History, status, and outlook", Rep. Prog. Phys. 68, 2267-2336 (2005).
7. M.Z. Tidrow, W.A. Beck, W.W. Clark, H.K. Pollehn, J.W. Little, N.K. Dhar, P.R. Leavitt, S.W. Kennedy, D.W. Beekman, A.C. Goldberg, and W.R. Dyer, "Device physics and focal plane applications of QWIP and MCT", Opto-Electron. Rev. 7, 283-296 (1999).
8. S.D. Gunapala and S.V. Bandara, "GaAs/AlGaAs based quantum well infrared photodetector focal plane arrays", in Handbook of Infrared Detection Technologies, pp. 83-119, edited by M. Henini and M. Razeghi, Elsevier, Oxford, 2002.
9. A. Rogalski, "Quantum well photoconductors in infrared detectors technology", J. Appl. Phys. 93, 4355-4391 (2003).
10. A. Rogalski, "Assessment of HgCdTe photodiodes and quantum well infrared photoconductors for long wavelength focal plane arrays", Infrared Phys. Technol. 40, 279-294 (1999).
11. L. Bürkle and F. Fuchs, "InAs/(GaIn)Sb superlattices: a promising material system for infrared detection", in Handbook of Infrared Detection and Technologies, pp. 159-189, edited by M. Henini and M. Razeghi, Elsevier, Oxford, 2002.
12. rd gen focal plane array IR detection modules and applications", Proc. SPIE 5406, 184-192 (2005).
13. R. Rehm, M. Walther, J. Schmitz, J. Fleißner, F. Fuchs, J. Ziegler, and W. Cabanski, "InAs/GaSb superlattice focal plane arrays for high-resolution thermal imaging", Opto-Electron. Rev. 14, 19-24 (2006).
14. A. Rogalski and P. Martyniuk, "InAs/GaInSb superlattices as a promising material system for third generation infrared detectors", Infrared Phys. Technol. 48, 39-52 (2006).
15. A.W. Hoffman, P.L. Love, and J.P. Rosbeck, "Mega-pixel detector arrays: Visible to 28 μn", Proc. SPIE 5167, 194-203 (2004).
16. A. Hoffman, "Semiconductor processing technology improves resolution of infrared arrays", Laser Focus World 42, 81-84 (2006).
17. D. Reago, S. Horn, J. Campbell, and R. Vollmerhausen, "Third generation imaging sensor system concepts", Proc. SPIE, 3701, 108-117 (1999).
18. L.J. Kozlowski and W.F. Kosonocky, "Infrared detector arrays", in Handbook of Optics, Chap. 23, edited by M. Bass, E.W. Van Stryland, D.R. Williams, and W.L. Wolfe, McGraw-Hill, Inc. New York, 1995.
19. S. Horn, P. Norton, K. Carson, R. Eden, and R. Clement, "Vertically-integrated sensor arrays - VISA", Proc. SPIE 5406, 332-340 (2004).
20. R. Balcerak and S. Horn, "Progress in the development of vertically-integrated sensor arrays", Proc. SPIE 5783, 384-391 (2005).
21. E.P.G. Smith, L.T. Pham, G.M. Venzor, E.M. Norton, M.D. Newton, P.M. Goetz, V.K. Randall, A.M. Gallagher, G.K. Pierce, E.A. Patten, R.A. Coussa, K. Kosai, W.A. Radford, L.M. Giegerich, J.M. Edwards, S.M. Johnson, S.T. Baur, J.A. Roth, B. Nosho, T.J. De Lyon, J.E. Jensen, and R.E. Longshore, "HgCdTe focal plane arrays for dual-colour mid- and long-wavelength infrared detection", J. Electron. Mater. 33, 509-516 (2004).
22. W.A. Radford, E.A. Patten, D.F. King, G.K. Pierce, J. Vodicka, P. Goetz, G. Venzor, E.P. Smith, R. Graham, S.M. Johnson, J. Roth, B. Nosho, and J. Jensen, "Third generation FPA development status at Raytheon Vision Systems", Proc. SPIE 5783, 331-339 (2005).
23. A.C. Goldberger, S.W. Kennedy, J.W. Little, H.K. Pollehn, T.A. Shafer, C.L. Mears, H.F. Schaake, M. Winn, M. Taylor, and P.N. Uppal, "Comparison of HgCdTe and QWIP dual-band focal plane arrays", Proc. SPIE 4369, 532-546 (2001).
24. H. Schneider, M. Walther, J. Fleissner, R. Rehm, E. Diwo, K. Schwarz, P. Koidl, G. Weimann, J. Ziegler, R. Breiter, and W. Cabanski, "Low-noise QWIPs for FPA sensors with high thermal resolution", Proc. SPIE 4130, 353-362 (2000).
25. H. Schneider, P. Koidl, M. Walther, J. Fleissner, R. Rehm, E. Diwo, K. Schwarz, and G. Weimann, "Ten years of QWIP development at Fraunhofer", Infrared Phys. Technol. 42, 283-289 (2001).
26. M. Jhabvala, K. Choi, A. Goldberg, A. La, and S. Gunapala, "Development of a 1k×1k GaAs QWIP far IR imaging array", Proc. SPIE 5167, 175-185 (2004).
27. S.D. Gunapala, S.V. Bandara, J.K. Liu, C.J. Hill, B. Rafol, J.M. Mumolo, J.T. Trinh, M.Z. Tidrow, and P.D. LeVan, "1024×1024 pixel mid-wavelength and long-wavelength infrared QWIP focal plane arrays for imaging applications", Semicond. Sci. Technol. 20, 473-480 (2005).
28. S.D. Gunapala, S.V. Bandara, J.K. Liu, C.J. Hill, B. Rafol, and J.M. Mumolo, "640×512 pixel long-wavelength infrared narrowband, multiband, and broadband QWIP focal plane arrays", IEEE Trans. Electron Devices 50, 2353-2360 (2004).
29. G.J. Brown, F. Szmulowicz, K. Mahalingam, S. Houston, Y. Wei, A. Gon, and M. Razeghi, "Recent advances in InAs/GaSb superlattices for very long wavelength infrared detection", Proc. SPIE 4999, 457-466 (2003).
30. D.L. Smith and C. Mailhiot, "Proposal for strained type II superlattice infrared detectors", J. Appl. Phys. 62, 2545-2548 (1987).
31. C. Mailhiot and D.L. Smith, "Long-wavelength infrared detectors based on strained InAs-GaInSb type-II superlattices", J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A7, 445-449 (1989).
32. G. Bastard, Wave Mechanics Applied to Semiconductor Heterostructures, Monographies de Physiques Series, Halsted Press, New York, 1988.
33. xSb superlattices", Appl. Phys. Lett. 61, 207-209 (1992).
34. xSb superlattices", Solid State Electron. 37, 1203-1206 (1994).
35. C.H. Grein, P.M. Young, and H. Ehrenreich, "Minority carrier lifetimes in ideal InGaSb/InAs superlattice", Appl. Phys. Lett. 61, 2905-2907 (1992).
36. C.H. Grein, P.M. Young, M.E. Flatté, and H. Ehrenreich, "Long wavelength InAs/InGaSb infrared detectors: Optimization of carrier lifetimes", J. Appl. Phys. 78, 7143-7152 (1995).
37. xSb superlattices", Appl. Phys. Lett. 64, 3160-3162 (1994).
38. O.K. Yang, C. Pfahler, J. Schmitz, W. Fletschen, and F. Fuchs, "Trap centers and minority carrier lifetimes in InAs/GaInSb superlattice long wavelength photodetectors", Proc. SPIE 4999, 448-456 (2003).
39. 1-xTe' ", [J. Appl. Phys. 80, 2542 (1996)]", J. Appl. Phys. 80, 2545-2546 (1996).
40. 1-xTe," [J. Appl. Phys. 74, 4774 (1993)]", J. Appl. Phys. 80, 2542-2544 (1996).
41. J. Piotrowski and A. Rogalski, "Uncooled long wavelength infrared photon detectors", Infrared Physics & Technol. 46, 115-131 (2004).
42. J.L. Johnson, "The InAs/GaInSb strained layer superlattice as an infrared detector material: An Overview", Proc. SPIE 3948, 118-132 (2000).
43. G.J. Brown, "Type-II InAs/GaInSb superlattices for infrared detectors: an overview", Proc. SPIE 5783, 65-77 (2005).
44. R. Rehm, M. Walther, J. Schmitz, J. Fleißner, F. Fuchs, W. Cabanski, and J. Ziegler, "InAs/(GaIn)Sb short-period superlattices for focal plane arrays", Proc. SPIE 5783, 123-130 (2005).
45. E.H. Aifer, I. Vurgaftman, C.L. Canedy, J.G. Tischler, J.H. Warner, E.M. Jackson, and J.R. Meyer, "W-Structured type-II superlattices based long-wave infrared photodiodes with high dynamic impedance", to be published.
46. E.H. Aifer, J.G. Tischler, J.H. Warner, I. Vurgaftman, and J.R. Meyer, "Dual band LWIR/VLWIR type-II superlattice photodiodes", Proc. SPIE 5783, 112-122 (2005).
47. R. Rehm, M. Walther, H. Schneider, J. Fleißner, J. Schmitz, J. Ziegler, W. Cabanski, and R. Breiter, "Bispectral thermal imaging with quantum-well infrared photodeteclors and InAs/GaSb type II superlattices", Proc. SPIE 6206, paper 34.