Efficiency of a grazing-incidence off-plane grating in the soft-x-ray region

Applied Optics

Volumn 45, Issue 8, 2006, Pages 1680-1687

  Seely, J F ^a   Goray, L I ^b   Kjornrattanawanich, Benjawan ^c   Laming, J M ^a   Holland, G E ^d   Flanagan, K A ^e   Heilmann, R K ^e   Chang, C H ^e   Schattenburg, M L ^e   Rasmussen, A P ^f  

^a NAVAL RESEARCH LABORATORY   (United States)

^b Intl Intellectual Group Inc   (United States)

^c BROOKHAVEN NATIONAL LABORATORY   (United States)

^d SFA INC   (United States)

^e MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY   (United States)

^f Och Spine at New York Presbyterian Hospitals   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ASTROPHYSICS; DIFFRACTION; GOLD; LIGHT POLARIZATION; SYNCHROTRON RADIATION; X RAYS;

BLAZE ANGLE; OFF-PLANE GRATINGS; POLARIZATION ORIENTATIONS; SOFT-X-RAY REGION;

DIFFRACTION GRATINGS;

EID: 33645760510     PISSN: 1559128X     EISSN: 15394522     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1364/AO.45.001680     Document Type: Review

References (20)

1. W. Cash, "Echelle spectrographs at grazing incidence," Appl. Opt. 21, 710-717 (1982).
2. M. C. Hettrick and S. Bowyer, "Variable line-space gratings: new designs for use in grazing incidence spectrometers," Appl. Opt. 22, 3921-3924 (1983).
3. W. Cash, "X-ray spectrographs using radial groove gratings," Appl. Opt. 22, 3971-3976 (1983).
4. M. C. Hettrick, "Aberrations of variable line-space gazing incidence gratings in converging light beams," Appl. Opt. 23, 3221-3235 (1984).
5. W. C. Cash, "X-ray optics. 2: A technique for high resolution spectroscopy," Appl. Opt. 30, 1749-1759 (1991).
6. R. McEntaffer, W. Cash, and A. Shipley, "Off-plane gratings for Constellation-X," in Proc. SPIE 4851, 549-556 (2002).
7. L. I. Goray, "Rigorous efficiency calculations for blazed gratings working in in- and off-plane mountings in the 5-50-Å wavelength range," in Proc. SPIE 5168, 260-270 (2004).
8. W. Werner, "X-ray efficiencies of blazed gratings in extreme off-plane mountings," Appl. Opt. 16, 2078-2080 (1977).
9. M. Neviere, D. Maystre, and W. R. Hunter, "On the use of classical and conical diffraction mountings for XUV gratings," J. Opt. Soc. Am. 68, 1106-1113 (1978).
10. D. Windt and W. Cash, "Laboratory evaluation of conical diffraction spectrographs," in Proc. SPIE 503, 98-105 (1984).
11. E. Wilkinson, J. C. Green, and W. Cash, "The extreme ultraviolet spectrograph: a radial groove grating, sounding rocket-borne, astrophysical instrument," Astrophys. J. Suppl. 89, 211-220 (1993).
12. R. McEntaffer, S. Osterman, W. Cash, J. Gilchrist, J. Flamand, B. Touzet, F. Bonnemason, and C. Brach, "X-ray performance of gratings in the extreme off-plane mount," in Proc. SPIE 5168, 492-498 (2004).
13. R. McEntaffer, F. Hearty, B. Gleeson, and W. Cash, "An x-ray test facility for diffraction gratings," in Proc. SPIE 5168, 499-507 (2004).
14. R. K. Heilmann, M. Akilian, C.-H. Chang, C. Chen, C. Forest, C. Joo, P. Konkola, J. Montoya, Y. Sun, J. You, and M. L. Schattenburg, "Advances in reflection grating technology for Constellation-X," in Proc. SPIE 5168, 271-282 (2004).
15. A. Rasmussen, A. Aquila, J. Bookbinder, C.-H. Chang, E. Gullikson, R. K. Heilmann, S. Kahn, F. Paerels, and M. L. Schattenburg, "Grating arrays for high-throughput soft x-ray spectrometers," in Proc. SPIE 5168, 248-259 (2004).
16. C.-H. Chang, J. C. Montoya, M. Akilian, A. Lapsa, R. K. Heilmann, M. L. Schattenburg, M. Li, K. A. Flanagan, A. P. Rasmussen, J. Seely, J. Laming, B. Kjornrattanawanich, and L. I. Goray, "High fidelity blazed grating replication using nanoimprint lithography," J. Vac. Sei. Technol. B 22, 3260-3264 (2004).
17. G. Spencer and M. Murty, "General ray-tracing procedure," J. Opt. Soc. Am. 52, 672-678 (1962).
18. D. Maystre and R. Petit, "Principe d'un spectromètre à réseau à transmission constante," Opt. Commun. 5, 35-37 (1972).
19. L. I. Goray and J. F. Seely, "Efficiencies of master, replica, and multilayer gratings for the soft x-ray-extreme-ultraviolet range: modeling based on the modified integral method and comparisons with measurements," Appl. Opt. 41, 1434-1444 (2002).
20. J. Seely, C. Brown, D. Windt, S. Donguy, and B. Kjornrattan-awanich, "Normal-incidence efficiencies of multilayer-coated laminar gratings for the extreme-ultraviolet imaging spectrometer on the Solar-B mission," Appl. Opt. 43, 1463-1471 (2004).