How exposure to environmental tobacco smoke, outdoor air pollutants, and increased pollen burdens influences the incidence of asthma

Environmental Health Perspectives

Volumn 114, Issue 4, 2006, Pages 627-633

  Gilmour, M Ian ^a   Jaakkola, Maritta S ^b   London, Stephanie J ^c   Nel, Andre E ^d   Rogers, Christine A ^e  

^a U S ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF BIRMINGHAM   (United Kingdom)

^c NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES   (United States)

^d University College of Los Angeles   (United States)

^e HARVARD SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH   (United States)

Author keywords

Air pollution; Asthma; Cigarette smoke; Climate change; Diesel exhaust; Environment; Inflammation; Mechanisms; Ozone; Particulate matter; Pollen

Indexed keywords

ALLERGEN; CIGARETTE SMOKE; TOBACCO SMOKE;

AIR POLLUTANT; AIR POLLUTION; AMBIENT AIR; ASTHMA; AWARENESS; CLIMATE CHANGE; DISEASE SEVERITY; ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE; EVIDENCE BASED MEDICINE; EXHAUST GAS; GOVERNMENT REGULATION; GREENHOUSE EFFECT; HUMAN; INCIDENCE; INFLAMMATION; LIFESTYLE; OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE; OXIDATIVE STRESS; PHOTOCHEMICAL SMOG; POLLEN; POLLEN ALLERGY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RESPIRATORY SYSTEM; REVIEW; RISK FACTOR; SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS; SMOKING CESSATION;

AIR POLLUTANTS; ASTHMA; ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE; GREENHOUSE EFFECT; HUMANS; INCIDENCE; POLLEN; SMOKE; TOBACCO;

NICOTIANA TABACUM;

EID: 33645633348     PISSN: 00916765     EISSN: 15529924     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1289/ehp.8380     Document Type: Review

References (78)

1. AAAAI. 2000. The Allergy Report. Milwaukee, WI:American Academy of Allergy Asthma and Immunology.
2. 10 and development of respiratory symptoms in a nonsmoking population. Arch Environ Health 50(2):139-152.
3. Alsberg T, Stenberg U, Westernholm R. 1985. Chemical and biological characterization of organic material from gasoline exhaust particles. Environ Sci Technol 19:43-50.
4. 2 levels. Annu Rev Ecol Syst 21:167-196.
5. Bornehag C-G, Blomquist G, Gyntelberg F, Jarvholm B, Malmberg P, Nordvall L. 2001. Dampness in buildings and health. Indoor Air 11:72-86.
6. Brauer M, Hoek G, Van Vliet P. 2002. Air pollution from traffic and the development of respiratory infections and asthmatic and allergic symptoms in children. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 166 (8):1092-1098.
7. California EPA. 1997. Health Effects of Exposure to Environmental Tobacco Smoke. Sacramento, CA:California Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment.
8. CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention). 2004. Asthma prevalence and control characteristics by race/ethnicity - United States. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 53(7):145-148.
9. Clot B. 2003. Trends in airborne pollen: an overview of 21 years of data in Neuchâtel (Switzerland). Aerobiologia 19:227-234.
10. Cook DG, Strachan DP. 1997. Parental smoking and prevalence of respiratory symptoms and asthma in school age children. Thorax 52:1081-1094.
11. Cook DG, Strachan DP. 1998. Parental smoking, bronchial reactivity and peak flow variability in children. Thorax 53:295-301.
12. Dales RE, Burnett R, Zwanenburg H. 1991. Adverse health effects in adults exposed to home dampness and molds. Am Rev Respir Dis 143:505-509.
13. Diaz-Sanchez D, Proietti L, Polosa R. 2003. Diesel fumes and the rising prevalence of atopy: an urban legend? Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 3(2):146-152.
14. Diaz-Sanchez D, Tsien A, Fleming J. 1997. Combined diesel exhaust particulate and ragweed allergen challenge markedly enhances human in vivonasal ragweed-specific IgE and skews cytokine production to a T helper cell 2-type pattern. J Immunol 158:2406-2413.
15. 2? Annu Rev Plant Physiol Plant Mol Biol 48:609-639.
16. Fitter A, Fitter R. 2002. Rapid changes in flowering time in British plants. Science 296:1689-1691.
17. Frei T. 1998. The effects of climate change in Switzerland 1969-1996 on airborne pollen quantities from hazel, birch and grass. Grana 37:172-179.
18. Frenguelli G, Tedeschini E, Veronesi F, Bricchi E. 2002. Airborne pine (Pinusspp.) pollen in the atmosphere of Perugia (central Italy): behavior of pollination in the two last decades. Aerobiologia 18:223-228.
19. Fryer AA, Bianco A, Hepple H, Jones PW, Strange RC, Spiteri MS. 2000. Polymorphism at the glutathione S-transferase GSTP1 locus. A new marker for bronchial hyperresponsiveness and asthma. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 161:1437-1442.
20. Gehring U, Cyrys J, Sedlmeir G, Brunekeef B, Bellander T, Fischer P, et al. 2002. Traffic-related air pollution and respiratory health during the first 2 yrs of life. Eur Respir J 19(4):690-698.
21. Gilliland FD, Li YF, Saxon A, Diaz-Sanchez D. 2004. Effect of glutathione-S-transferase M1 and P1 genotypes on xenobiotic enhancement of allergic responses: randomised, placebo-controlled crossover study. Lancet 363:119-125.
22. Gold DR, Burge HA, Carey V, Milton DK, Platts-Mills T, Weiss ST. 1999. Predictors of repeated wheeze in the first year of life: the relative role of cockroach, birth weight, acute lower respiratory illness, and maternal smoking. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 160:227-236.
23. Heinrich J, Wichmann HE. 2004. Traffic related pollutants in Europe and their effect on allergic disease. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol (5):341-348.
24. Heloma A, Jaakkola MS. 2003. Four-year follow-up of smoke exposure, attitudes and smoking behaviour following enactment of Finland's national smoke-free workplace law. Addiction 98:1111-1117.
25. Hisada T, Salmon M, Nasuhara Y, Chung KF. 2000. Involvement of haemoxygenase-1 in ozone-induced airway inflammation and hyperresponsiveness. Eur J Pharmacol 399:299-234.
26. Hiura TS, Kasbokowski MP, Li N, Nel AE. 1999. Chemicals in diesel exhaust particles generate reactive oxygen radicals and induce apoptosis in macrophages. J Immunol 163(10): 5582-5591.
27. IOM (Institute of Medicine). 2000. Clearing the Air: Asthma and Indoor Air Exposures. Washington, DC:National Academies Press.
28. IOM (Institute of Medicine). 2004. Damp Indoor Spaces and Health. Washington, DC:National Academies Press.
29. IPCC. 2001. Third Assessment Report. Geneva:Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.
30. Jaakkola JJK, Gissler M. 2004. Maternal smoking in pregnancy, fetal development, and childhood asthma. Am J Public Health 94:134-140.
31. Jaakkola JJK, Jaakkola MS. 2002. Effects of environmental tobacco smoke on the respiratory health of children. Scand J Work Environ Health 28(suppl 2):71-83.
32. Jaakkola MS. 2000. Environmental tobacco smoke and respiratory diseases. In; Respiratory Epidemiology in Europe (Annesi-Maesano I, Gulsvik A, Viegi G, eds). Eur Respir Monogr 15:322-383.
33. Jaakkola MS, Jaakkola JJK. 1997. Assessment of exposure to environmental tobacco smoke. Eur Respir J 10:2384-2397.
34. Jaakkola MS, Jaakkola JJK. 2002. Effects of environmental tobacco smoke on the respiratory health of adults. Scand J Work Environ Health 28(suppl 2):52-70.
35. Jaakkola MS, Jaakkola JJK. 2004. Indoor molds and asthma in adults. Adv Appl Microbiol 55:309-338.
36. Jaakkola MS, Piipari R, Jaakkola N, Jaakkola JJK. 2003. Environmental tobacco smoke and adult-onset asthma: a population-based incident case-control study. Am J Public Health 93:2055-2060.
37. Jaakkola N, Jaakkola MS, Gissler M, Jaakkola JJK. 2001. Smoking during pregnancy in Finland: determinants and trends from 1987 to 1997. Am J Public Health 91:284-286.
38. Jaakkola N, Ruotsalainen R, Jaakkola JJK. 1994. What are the determinants of children's exposure to environmental tobacco smoke? Scand J Soc Med 21:107-112.
39. 2 conditions: a meta-analysis of reports on 79 crop and wild species. New Phytol 156:9-26.
40. 2. Can J Bot 75(10):1670-1673.
41. 2 overestimates community response in a model plant-soil system. Nature 433:621-624.
42. 2 levels and the fecundity of forest trees. Science 292:95-98.
43. Li N, Alam J, Venkatesan MI, Eiguren-Fernandez A, Schmitz D. 2004. Nrf2 is a key transcription factor that regulates antioxidant defense in macrophages and epithelial cells: protecting against the pro-inflammatory and oxidizing effects of diesel exhaust chemicals. J Immunol 173:3467-3481.
44. Li N, Hao M, Phalen RF, Hinds WC, Nel AE. 2003a. Particulate air pollutants and asthma: a paradigm for the role of oxidative stress in PM-induced adverse health effects. Clin Immunol 3:250-265.
45. Li N, Sioutas C, Cho A, Schmitz D, Misra C, Sempf J, et al. 2003b. Particulate air pollutants, oxidative stress and mitochondrial damage. Environmental Health Perspectives 111:455-460.
46. Li N, Venkatesan MI, Miguel A, Kaplan R, Gujuluva C, Alam J. 2000. Induction of heme oxygenase-1 expression in macrophages by diesel exhaust particle chemicals and quinones via the antioxidant-responsive element. J Immunol 165:3393-3401.
47. McConnell R, Berhane K, Gilliland F, London SJ, Islam T, Gauderman WJ, et al. 2002. Asthma in exercising children exposed to ozone: a cohort study. Lancet 359(9304): 386-391.
48. McDonnell WF, Abbey DE, Nishino N, Lebowitz MD. 1999. Longterm ambient ozone concentration and the incidence of asthma in nonsmoking adults: the AHSMOG Study. Environ Res 80(2 pt 1):110-21.
49. Miyabara Y, Ichinose T, Takano H, Lim HB, Sagai M. 1998. Effects of diesel exhaust on allergic airway inflammation in mice. J Allergy Clin Immunol 102:805-812.
50. Monks TJ, Hanzlik RP, Cohen GM, Ross D, Graham DG. 1992. Quinone chemistry and toxicity. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 112:2-16.
51. NCS. 2005. National Children's Study Home Page. Rockville, MD:National Children's Study. Available: http://nationalchildrensstudy.gov [accessed 26 February 2006]
52. Nel A, Diaz-Sanchez D, Ng D, Hiura T, Saxon A. 1998. Enhancement of allergic inflammation by the interaction between diesel exhaust particles (DEP) and the immune system. J Allergy Clin Immunol 102:539-554.
53. NRC (National Research Council). 1998. Research Priorities for Airborne Particulate Matter: I. Immediate Priorities and a Long-Range Research Portfolio. Washington, DC:National Academies Press.
54. Owen L, McNeill A, Callum C. 1998. Trends in smoking during pregnancy in England, 1992-7: quota sampling surveys. BMJ 317:728.
55. Peden DB. 2003. Air pollution: indoor and outdoor. In: Middleton's Allergy Principles and Practice (Adkinson NF, Yunginger JW, Busse WW, Bochner BS, Holgate ST, Simons FER, eds). 6th ed, Vol 1. Philadelphia:Mosby, 529-555.
56. Penning TM, Burczynski ME, Hung CF, McCoull KD, Palackal NT, Tsuruda LS. 1999. Dihydrodiol dehydrogenases and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon activation: generation of reactive and redox active o-quinones. Chem Res Toxicol 12:1-18.
57. Penttinen P, Timonen KL, Tiittanen P, Mirme A, Ruuskanen J, Pekkanen J. 2001. Number concentration and size of particles in urban air: effects on spirometric lung function in adult asthmatic subjects. Environ Health Perspect 109:319-323.
58. Pirkle JL, Flegal KM, Bernert JT, Brody DJ, Etzel RA, Maurer KR. 1996. Exposure of the US population to environmental tobacco smoke. The Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988 to 1991. JAMA 275:1233-1240.
59. Rasmussen A. 2002. The effects of climate change on the birch pollen season in Denmark. Aerobiologia 18(3-4):253-265.
60. Riboli E, Preston-Martin S, Saracci R, Haley NJ, Trichopoulos D, Becher H. 1990. Exposure of nonsmoking women to environmental tobacco smoke: a 10-country collaborative study. Cancer Causes Control 1:243-252.
61. 2 on ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.) pollen production. Environ Health Perspect doi:10.1289/ehp.8549 [Online 9 February 2006].
62. Spieksma FTM, Emberlin J, Hjelmroos M, Jäger S, Leuschner RM. 1995. Atmospheric birch (Betula) pollen in Europe: trends and fluctuations in annual quantities and the starting date of the seasons. Grana 34:51-57.
63. 2 on acorn density, weight, germination, and predation among three oak species in a scrub-oak forest. Global Change Biol 10:228-232.
64. Strachan DP, Cook DG. 1997. Parental smoking and lower respiratory illness in infancy and early childhood. Thorax 52:905-914.
65. Strachan DP, Cook DG. 1998. Parental smoking and childhood asthma: longitudinal and case-control studies. Thorax 53:204-212.
66. Tarlo SM. Workplace irritant exposures: do they produce true occupational asthma? 2003. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 90(suppl 2):19-23.
67. Treseder KK, Egerton-Warburton LM, Allen MF, Cheng Y, Oechel WC. 2003. Alteration of soil carbon pools and communities of mycorrhizal fungi in chaparral exposed to elevated carbon dioxide. Ecosystems 6(8):786-796.
68. U.S. EPA. 2005. Six Principal Pollutants. Washington, DC:U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Available: http://www.epa.gov/airtrends/ sixpoll.html [accessed 27 February 2006].
69. van Vliet A, Overeem A, de Groot R, Jacobs A, Spieksma FTM. 2002. The influence of temperature and climate change on the timing of pollen release in the Netherlands. Int J Climatol 22:1757-1767.
70. Wang M, Xiao GC, Li N, Xie Y, Loo JA, Nel AE. 2005. Phosphoproteome and cytokine array analysis show MAP kinases mediate inflammation by pro-oxidative diesel exhaust particle chemicals. Electrophoresis 26:2092-2018.
71. 2 enriched atmospheres. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 88:279-282.
72. Whitekus M, Ning Li MJ, Zhang M, Wang M, Horwitz M, Nelson SK, et al. 2002. Thiol antioxidants inhibit the adjuvant effects of aerosolized diesel exhaust particles in a murine model for ovalbumin sensitization. J Immunol 168:2560-2567.
73. 2 and plant species richness impact arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal spore communities. New Phytol 157:579-588.
74. Xia T, Korge P, Weiss JN, Li N, Venkatesen I, Sioutas C, et al. 2004. Quinones and aromatic chemical compounds in particulate matter (PM) induce mitochondrial dysfunction: implications for PM-induced oxidative stress and toxicity. Environ Health Perspect 112:1347-1358.
75. Xiao GG, Nel AE, Loo JA. 2005. Nitrotyrosine-modified proteins and oxidative stress induced by diesel exhaust particles. Electrophoresis 26:280-292.
76. Xiao GG, Wang M, Li N, Loo JA, Nel AE. 2003. Use of proteomics to demonstrate a hierarchical oxidative stress response to diesel exhaust particles in a macrophage cell line. J Biol Chem 278:50781-50790.
77. Ziska LH. 2003. Evaluation of the growth response of six invasive species to past, present and future atmospheric carbon dioxide. J Exp Bot 54(381):395-404.
78. 2 and pollen production of common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia), a known allergy-inducing species: implications for public health. Aust J Plant Physiol 27:1-6.