Biological clocks and shift work: Circadian dysregulation and potential long-term effects

Cancer Causes and Control

Volumn 17, Issue 4, 2006, Pages 489-500

  Haus, Erhard ^a   Smolensky, Michael ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA MEDICAL SCHOOL   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH   (United States)

Author keywords

Cancer; Circadian desynchronization; Ergonomics; Heart disease; Risk factors; Shift work

Indexed keywords

ADAPTATION; BIOLOGICAL RHYTHM; BREAST CANCER; CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM; CIRCADIAN RHYTHM; COLON CANCER; ERGONOMICS; EXPOSURE; HUMAN; HYPOTHALAMUS; INCIDENCE; JET LAG; OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH; OSCILLATOR; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PERFORMANCE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS; REVIEW; SHIFT WORKER; SUPRACHIASMATIC NUCLEUS; WORK SCHEDULE;

ADAPTATION, PHYSIOLOGICAL; ANIMALS; BIOLOGICAL CLOCKS; CARDIOVASCULAR ABNORMALITIES; CHRONOBIOLOGY; CHRONOBIOLOGY DISORDERS; HUMANS; NEOPLASMS; OCCUPATIONAL DISEASES; RISK FACTORS; SUPRACHIASMATIC NUCLEUS; WORK SCHEDULE TOLERANCE;

EID: 33645527555     PISSN: 09575243     EISSN: 15737225     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s10552-005-9015-4     Document Type: Review

References (113)

1. Rutenfranz J, Knauth P, Angersbach D (1981) Shift work research issues. Biological Rhythms, Sleep and Shift Work. In: Johnson LC, Tepas TI, Colquhoun WP, Colligan MJ (eds) Advances in Sleep Research, Vol. 7. SP Medical & Scientific Books, New York, pp 165-196
2. Pasqua IC, Moreno CRC (2004) The nutritional status and eating habits of shift workers: a chronobiologic approach. Chronobiol Int 21:949-960
3. Waterhouse J, Buckey P, Edwards B, Reilly T (2003) Measurement of, and some reasons for differences in eating habits between day and night workers. Chronobiol Int 20:1075-1092
4. Fischer FM, Rotenberg L, de Castro Moreno CR (2004) Equity and working time. A challenge to achieve. Chronobiol Int 21:813-829
5. Al-Naimi S, Hampton SM, Richard P, Tzung C, Morgan LM (2004) Postprandial metabolic profiles following meals and snacks eaten during simulated night and day shift work. Chronobiol Int 21:937-947
6. Morgan L, Hampton S, Gibbs M, Arendt J (2003) Circadian aspects of postprandial metabolism. Chronobiol Int 20:795-808
7. Karlsson B, Knutsson A, Lindahl B (2001) Is there an association between shiftwork and having a metabolic syndrome X? Results from a population based study of 27,485 people. Occup Environ Med 58:747-752
8. Knutson A (1989) Relationships between serum triglycerides and gamma-glutamyltransferase among shift and day workers. J Intern Med 226(5):337-339
9. Romon M, Nuttens MC, Fievet C, et al. (1992) Increased triglyceride levels in shift workers. Am J Med 93(3):259-262
10. Kawachi I, Colditz GA, Stampfer MJ, et al. (1995) Prospective study of shift work and risk of coronary heart disease in women. Circulation 92(11):3178-3182
11. Van Cauter E, Polonsky KS, Scheen AJ (1997) Roles of circadian rhythmicity and sleep in human glucose regulation. Endocr Rev 18:716-738
12. Van Cauter E, Plat L, Copinschi G (1998) Interrelations between sleep and the somatotropic axis. Sleep 21:553-566
13. Lac G, Chamoux A (2004) Biological and physiological responses to two rapid shiftwork schedules. Ergonomics 47:1339-1349
14. Hennig J, Kieferdorf P, Moritz C, Huwe S, Netter P (1998) Changes in cortisol secretion during shiftwork: implications for tolerance to shiftwork. Ergonomics 41(5):610-621
15. Ekstrand K, Bostrom PA, Arborelius M, Nilsson JA, Lindell SE (1996) Cardiovascular risk factors in commercial flight aircrew officers compared with those in the general population. Angiology 47(11):1089-1094
16. Tenkanen L, Sjöblom T, Kalimo R, Alikoski T, Härmä M (199) Shift work occupation and coronary heart disease over 6 years of follow up in the Helsinki Heart Study. Scand J Work Environ Health 23:257-265
17. Härmä M (2001) Shift work and cardiovascular disease - from etiologic studies to prevention through scheduling. Scand J Env Health 27:85-86
18. Kristensen TS (1989) Cardiovascular diseases and the work environment. A critical review of the epidemiological literature on nonchemical factors. Scand J Work Environ Health 15:165-179
19. Knutsson A (2004) Methodological aspects of shift-work research. Chronobiol Int 21:1037-1047
20. Knutsson A, Hallquist J, Reuterwall C, Theorell T, Akerstedt T (1999) Shiftwork and myocardial infarction: a case-control study. Occup Environ Med 56(1):46-50
21. Schernhammer ES, Laden F, Speizer FE, et al. (2001) Rotating night shifts and risk of breast cancer in women participating in the Nurses' health study. J Natl Cancer Inst 93:1563-1568
22. Schernhammer ES, Laden F, Speizer FE, et al. (2003) Night-Shift work and risk of colorectal cancer in the Nurses' health study. J Natl Cancer Inst 95:825-828
23. Fu L, Pelicano H, Liu J, Huang P, Lee CC (2002) The circadian gene Period 2 plays an important role in tumor suppression and DNA damage response in vivo. Cell 111:41-50
24. Davis S, Mirick DK, Stevens RG (2001) Night-Shift work, light at night, and risk of breast cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 93:1557-1562
25. Reynolds P, Cone J, Layefsky M, Goldberg DE, Hurley S (2002) Cancer incidence in California flight attendants (United States). Cancer Causes Control 13:317-324
26. Touitou Y, Haus E (eds) (1992) Biologic Rhythms in Clinical and Laboratory Medicine. Springer-Verlag, Heidelberg pp. 730
27. Dunlap JC (1999) Molecular bases for circadian clocks. Cell 96:271-290
28. Reppert SM, Weaver DR (2002) Coordination of circadian timing in mammals. Nature 418:935-941
29. Moser M, Frühwirth M, Penter R, Winker R (2006) Why life oscillates - from a topographical towards a functional chronobiology. Cancer Causes Control 17:591-599
30. Haus E, Touitou Y (1992) Principles of clinical chronobiology. In: Touitou Y, Haus E (eds) Biologic Rhythms in Clinical and Laboratory Medicine. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, pp 6-34
31. Hildebrandt G, Moser M, Lehofer M (1998) Chronobiology und Chronomedicine - Biologic Rhythms Medical Consequences (in German). Hippokrates, Stuttgart
32. Bjarnason GA, Jordan R (2002) Rhythms in human gastrointestinal mucosa and skin. Chronobiol Internat 19:129-140
33. Challet E, Pévet P (2003) Interaction between photic and nonphotic stimuli to synchronize the master circadian clock in mammals. Front Biosci 8:246-257
34. Stokkan KA, Yamazaki S, Tei H, Sakaki Y, Menaker M (2001) Entrainment of the circadian clock in the liver by feeding. Science 291:490-493
35. Hara R, Wan K, Wakamatsu H, et al. (2001) Restricted feeding entrains liver clock without participation of the suprachiasmatic nucleus. Genes Cells 6:269-278
36. Nagano M, Adachi A, Nakahama K, et al. (2003) An abrupt shift in the day/night cycle causes desynchrony in the mammalian circadian center. J Neurosci 23:6141-6151
37. Sakamoto K, Ishida N (2000) Light-induced phase-shifts in the circadian expression rhythm of mammalian Period genes in the mouse heart. Eur J Neurosci 12:4003-4006
38. Harris W (1977) Fatigue, circadian rhythms, and truck accidents. In: Mackie R (ed) Vigilance Theory, Operational Performance, and Physiological Correlate. Plenum Press, New York, pp 1033-1046
39. Hildebrandt G, Rohmert W, Rutenfranz J (1974) 12 and 24 h rhythms in error frequency of locomotive drivers and the influence of tiredness. Int J Chronobiol 2:175-180
40. Ribak J, Ashkenazi IE, Klepfish A, et al. (1983) Diurnal rhythmicity and air force flight accidents due to pilot error. Aviat Space Envir Med 54:1096-1099
41. Folkard S, Akerstedt T (2004) Trends in the risk of accidents and injuries and their implications for models of fatigue and performance Aviation. Space Environ Med 75:A161-A167
42. Folkard S, Lombardi DA (2004) Toward a 'Risk Index' to assess work schedules. Chronbiol Int 21:1063-1072
43. Haus E (2002) Chronobiology of the mammalian response to ionizing radiation potential applications in oncology. Chronobiol Int 19(1):77-100
44. Haus E, Touitou Y (1992) Principles of clinical chronobiology. In: Touitou Y, Haus E (eds) Biologic Rhythms in Clinical and Laboratory Medicine. Springer-Verlag, Heidelberg, pp 6-34
45. Winget CM, Soliman MRI, Holley DC, Meylor JS (1992) Chronobiology of physical performance and sports medicine. In: Touitou Y, Haus E (eds) Biologic Rhythms in Clinical and Laboratory Medicine. Springer-Verlag, Heidelberg, pp 230-242
46. Monk TH (1992) Chronobiology of mental performance. In: Touitou Y, Haus E (eds) Biologic Rhythms in Clinical and Laboratory Medicine. Springer-Verlag, Heidelberg, pp 208-213
47. Mormont MC, Waterhouse J (2002) Contribution of the rest-activity circadian rhythm to quality of life in cancer patients. Chronobiol Int 19(1):313-323
48. Haus E, Nicolau GY, Lakatua D, Sackett-Lundeen L (1988) Reference values for chronopharmacology. Annu Rev Chronopharmacol 4:333-424
49. Haus E, Sackett-Lundeen L (2003) Variability of the circadian time structure in clinically healthy subjects. Interactions between activity patterns and time of food uptake. Shiftwork Internat Newslett 20(2):89
50. Waterhouse J, Nevill A, Finnegan J, et al. (2005) Further assessments of the relationship between jet lag and some of its symptoms. Chronobiol Int 22(1):121-136
51. Aschoff J, Hoffman K, Pohl H, Wever R (1975) Re-entrainment of circadian rhythms after phase-shifts to the Zeitgeber. Chronobiologia 2:23-78
52. Klein K, Wegmann H (1974) The resynchronization of human circadian rhythms after transmeridian flights as a result of flight direction and mode of activity. In: Scheving LE (ed.) Chronobiology. Igaku-Shoin, Tokyo, pp 564-570
53. Klein K, Wegmann H, Athanassenas G, Hohloweck H, Kuklinski P (1976) Air operations and circadian performance rhythms. Aviation Space Environ Med 47:221-231
54. Beljan JR, Rosenblatt LS, Hetherington NW, et al. (1972) Human performance in aviation environment. NASA Rep NAS2-6657, part I-A
55. Lowden A, Akerstedt T (1998) Retaining home-base sleep hours to prevent jet lag in connection with a westward flight across nine time zones. Chronobiol Int 15(4):365-376
56. Reynolds P, Cone J, Layefsky M, Goldberg DE, Hurley S (2002) Cancer incidence in California flight attendants (United States). Cancer Causes Control 13(4):317-324
57. Rafnsson V, Tulinius H, Jonasson JG, Hrafnkelsson J (2001) Risk of breast cancer in female flight attendants: a population based study (Iceland). Cancer Causes Control 12(5):95-101
58. Pukkala E, Auvinen A, Wahlberg G (1995) Incidence of cancer among Finnish airline cabin attendants, 1967-1992. BMJ 311:649-652
59. Butler GC, Nicholas J, Lackland DT, Friedberg W (2000) Perspectives of those impacted: airline pilots perspective. Health Phys 79:602-607
60. Friedberg W, Duke FE, Snyder L, et al. (1993) The cosmic radiation environment at air carrier flight altitudes and possible associated health risks. Radiat Prot Dosim 48:21-25
61. Nicholas JS, Lackland DT, Butler GC, et al. (1998) Cosmic radiation and magnetic field exposure to airline flight crews. Am J Ind Med 34:574-580
62. Dumont M, Benhaberou-Brun D, Paquet J (2001) Profile of 24-h light exposure and circadian phase of melatonin secretion in night workers. J Biol Rhythms 18(5):502-511
63. Reinberg A, Andlauer P, Bourdeleau P, Levi F, Bicakova-Rocher A (1984) Rythme circadien de la force des mains droite et gauche: dé synchronisation chez certains travailleurs postés. CR Acad Sci 299:633-636
64. Reinberg A, Motohashi Y, Bourdeleau P, et al. (1989) Internal desynchronization of circadian rhythms and tolerance of shift work. Chronobiologia 16(1):21-34
65. Reinberg A (2003) Travail posté, travail de nuit, vols transméridiens: effets et tolérance. In: Reinberg A (ed.) Chronobiologie médicale, Chronothérapeutique. Flammarion, Paris, pp 189-203
66. Motohashi Y (1989) Desynchronization of oral temperature and grip strength circadian rhythms in healthy subjects with irregular sleep-wake behavior. Chronobiologia 16(2):162-163
67. Ross JK, Arendt J, Horne J, Haston W (1995) Night-shift work during Antarctic Winter: sleep characteristics and adaptation with bright light treatment. Physiol Behav 57:1169-1174
68. Barnes RG, Forbes MJ, Arendt J (1998) Shift type and season affect adaptation of the 6-sulphatoxymelatonin rhythm in offshore oil rig workers. Neurosci Lett 252:179-182
69. Bjorvatn B, Kecklund G, Akerstedt T (1999) Bright light treatment used for adaptation to nightwork and re-adaptation back to day life. A field study at an oil platform in the North Sea. J Sleep Res 8:105-112
70. Gibbs M, Hamptom S, Morgan L, Arendt J (2002) Adaptation of the circadian rhythm of 6-sulphatoxy melatonin to a shift schedule of seven nights followed by seven days in offshore oil installation workers. Neurosci Lett 325:91-94
71. Rodrigues MC, Nogueira Pires ML, Benedito-Silva AA, Tufik S (2004) Sleep parameters among offshore workers: an initial assessment in the Campos Basin, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Chronobiol Int 21:889-897
72. Akerstedt T (2003) Shiftwork and disturbed sleep-wakefulness. Occup Med 53:89-94
73. Folkard S, Akerstedt T, Macdonald I, Tucker P, Spencer MB (1999) Beyond the three process model of alertness: estimating phase, time on shift, and successive night effects. J Biol Rhythms 14(6):577-587
74. Spiegel K, Leproult R, VanCauter E (1999) Impact of sleep debt on metabolic and endocrine function. Lancet 354:1435-1439
75. Schedlowski M, Teves U (eds) Born in Psychoneuroimmunology: An Interdisciplinary Introduction, Plenum Publ, NY, pp. 417-442
76. Segawa K, Nakazawa S, Tsukamoto Y, et al. (1987) Peptic ulcer is prevalent among shift workers. Digest Dis Sci 32(5):449-453
77. Bélanger PM, Braguerolle B, Labrecque G (1997) Rhythms in pharmacokinetics; absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion. In: Redfern P, Lemmer B (eds) Physiology and Pharmacology of Biological Rhythms. Spinger-Verlag, Berlin, pp 177-204
78. Labrecque G, Beauchamp D (2003) Rhythms and pharmacokinetics. In: Redfern PH (ed) Chronotherapeutics. Pharmaceutical Press, London, pp 75-110
79. Witte K, Lemmer B (2003) Rhythms and pharmacodynamics. In: Redfern PH (ed) Chronotherapeutics. Pharmaceutical Press, London, pp 111-126
80. Dagan Y (2002) Circadian rhythm sleep disorders (CRSD) Sleep Med Rev 6:45-54
81. Levi F, Zidani R, Misset JL (1997) Randomized multicenter trial of chronotherapy with oxaliplatin, fluorouracil, and folinic acid in metastatic colorectal cancer. Lancet 360:681-686
82. Hrushesky WJ, Bjarnason GA (1993) Circadian cancer therapy. J Clin Oncol 11(7):1403-1417
83. Reinberg AE (1989) Chronopharmacology of corticosteroids and ACTH. In: Lemmer B (ed) Dekker, New York, pp 137-167
84. Lemmer B (2003) Rhythms in therapeutics of cardiovascular disease. In: Redfern PH (ed) Chronotherapeutics. Pharmaceutical Press, London, pp 193-209
85. Reinberg AE (2003) Chronotoxicité et chronotolerance. In: Reinberg AE (ed.) Chronobiologie médicale, Chronotherapeutique. Flammarion, Paris, pp 79-91
86. Hansen J (2001) Increased breast cancer risk among women who work predominantly at night. Epidemiology 12:74-77
87. Arendt J (1992) The Pineal. In: Touitou Y, Haus E (eds) Biologic Rhythms in Clinical and Laboratory Medicine. Springer-Verlag, Heidelberg, pp 348-362
88. Travis RC, Allen DS, Fentiman IS, Key TJ (2004) Melatonin and breast cancer: a prospective study J Natl Cancer Inst 96:475-482
89. Dauchy RT, Blask DE, Sauer LA, Brainard GC, Krause JA (1999) Dim light during darkness stimulates tumor progression by enhancing tumor fatty acid uptake and metabolism. Cancer Lett 144:131-136
90. Blask DE, Dauchy RT, Sauer LA, Krause JA, Brainerd GC (2002) Light during darkness, melatonin suppression and cancer progression. Neuroendocrinol Lett 23:52-56
91. Blask DE, Dauchy RT, Sauer LA, Krause JA, Brainerd GC (2003) Growth and fatty acid metabolism of human breast cancer (MCF-7) xenografts in nude rats: impact of constant light-induced nocturnal melatonin suppression. Breast Cancer Res Treat 79:313-320
92. Erren TC, Reiter RJ, Pinger A, Piekavski C, Erren M (2004) The chronosense - what light tells man about biological time. Med Hypotheses 63(3):1074-1080
93. Hanssen T, Heyden T, Sundberg T, Wetterberg L (1977) Effect of propanolol on serum melatonin. Lancet II 2(8032):309-310
94. Cowen PJ, Fraser S, Sammons R, Green AR (1983) Atenolol reduces plasma melatonin concentration in man. Br J Clin Parmacol 15:579-581
95. Filipski E, King VM, Xiao Mei Li, et al. (2002) Host circadian clock as control point in tumor progression. J Natl Cancer Inst 94:690-697
96. Bougrine S, Mollard R, Iguazi G, Coblentz A (1995) Appropriate use of bright light promotes a durable adaptation to night shifts and accelerates readjustment during recovery after a period of night shifts. Work Stress 9:314-326
97. Eastman CI, Martin SK (1999) How to use light and dark to produce circadian adaptation to night shift work. Ann Med 31:87-98
98. Crowley SJ, Lee C, Tseng CY, Fogg LF, Eastman CI (2003) Combinations of bright light, scheduled dark, sunglasses, and melatonin to facilitate circadian entrainment to night shift work. J Biol Rhythms 18:513-523
99. Härmä M, Hakola T, Kandolin I, Sallinon I, Virkkala J, Bonnefond A (2003) A controlled intervention study of a quickly forward rotating shift system among young and elderly maintenance workers. SIN 20(2):86
100. Bubenik GA, Blask DE, Brown GM, et al. (1998) Prospects of the clinical utilization of melatonin. Biol Signals Recept 7:195-219
101. Aschoff J (1978) Features of circadian rhythms relevant for the design of shift schedules. Ergonomics 39:739-754
102. Hakola T, Härmä M (2001) Evaluation of a fast forward rotating shift schedule in the steel industry with a special focus on ageing and sleep. J Human Ergol 30:315-319
103. Orth-Gomer K (1983) Intervention on coronary risk factors by adapting a shift work schedule to biologic rhythmicity. Psychosom Med 45(5):407-415
104. Prunier-Poulmaire P, Gadbois C, Derriiennic F (2003) Irregular working schedules and health: results of an epidemiological study. SIN 20(2):153
105. Costa G, Åkerstedt T, Nachreiner F, et al. (2004) Flexible working hours, health and well-being in Europe: some considerations from a SALTSA project. Chronobiol Int 21:831-844
106. Giebel O, Janssen D, Schomann C, Nachreiner F (2004) A new approach for evaluating flexible working hours. Chronobiol Int 21:1015-1024
107. Gärtner J (2004) Conflicts between employee preferences and ergonomic recommendations in shift scheduling: regulation based on consent is not sufficient. Rev Saúde Pública 38(Suppl):65-71
108. Kogi K (2004) Linking better shiftwork arrangements with safety and health management systems. Rev Saúde Pública 38(Suppl):72-79
109. Buxton OM, Lee CW, L'Hermite-Balériaux M, Turek FW, Van Cauter E (2003) Exercise elicits phase shifts and acute alterations of melatonin that vary with circadian phase. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 284:R714-R724
110. Geoffrian M, Brun J, Chazot G, Claustrat B (1998) The physiology and pharmacology of melatonin in humans. Horm Res 49:136-141
111. Reinberg A, Smolensky MH, Labrecque G (1988) The hunting of the wonder pill for resetting all biological clocks. Ann Rev Chronopharmacol 4:171-208
112. Simpson HW, Pauson A, Cornelissen G (1989) The chronopathology of breast pre-cancer. Chronobiologia 16(4):365-372
113. Wargovich MJ, Chang P, Velasco M, Sinicrope F, Eisenbrodt E, Sellin J (2004) Expression of cellular adhesion proteins and abnormal glycoproteins in human aberrant crypt foci. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 12(4):350-355