Prognostic value of coronary artery calcium screening in asymptomatic smokers and non-smokers

European Heart Journal

Volumn 27, Issue 8, 2006, Pages 968-975

  Shaw, Leslee J ^a   Raggi, Paolo ^b   Callister, Tracy Q ^c   Berman, Daniel S ^a  

^a CEDARS SINAI MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

^b TULANE UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^c EBT Research Foundation   (United States)

Author keywords

Cardiovascular screening; Coronary calcium; Prognosis; Smoking

Indexed keywords

CALCIUM;

ADULT; AGING; ARTICLE; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE; CAUSE OF DEATH; CIGARETTE SMOKING; CONTROLLED STUDY; CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE; CORONARY ARTERY THROMBOSIS; CORONARY RISK; DIABETES MELLITUS; ELECTRON BEAM TOMOGRAPHY; FAMILY HISTORY; FEMALE; HUMAN; HYPERLIPIDEMIA; HYPERTENSION; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MORTALITY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROGNOSIS; PROPORTIONAL HAZARDS MODEL; RISK ASSESSMENT; SCREENING TEST; SEX DIFFERENCE;

ADULT; AGED; CALCINOSIS; CORONARY ARTERIOSCLEROSIS; EPIDEMIOLOGIC METHODS; FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; MASS SCREENING; MIDDLE AGED; PROGNOSIS; SMOKING; TOMOGRAPHY, X-RAY COMPUTED; UNITED STATES;

EID: 33645464935     PISSN: 0195668X     EISSN: 15229645     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehi750     Document Type: Article

References (48)

1. http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/PDF/wk/mm5114.pdf (31 July 2005)
2. http://www.who.int/tobacco/en (31 July 2005)
3. http://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/sgr/sgr_2004/Factsheets/11.htm (31 July 2005)
4. Goel M, Wong ND, Eisenberg H, Hagar J, Kelly K, Tobis JM. Risk factor correlates of coronary calcium as evaluated by ultrafast computed tomography. Am J Cardiol 1992;70:977-980.
5. Wong ND, Kouwabunpat D, Vo AN, Detrano RC, Eisenberg H, Goel M, Tobis JM. Coronary calcium and atherosclerosis by ultrafast computed tomography in asymptomatic men and women: relation to age and risk factors. Am Heart J 1994;127:422-430.
6. Pearson TA. Coronary arteriography in the study of the epidemiology of coronary artery disease. Epidemiol Rev 1984;6:140-166.
7. Chen L, ChesterM, Kaski JC. Clinical factors and angiographic features associated with premature coronary artery disease. Chest 1995;108: 364-369.
8. Shaw LJ, Raggi P, Schisterman E, Berman DS, Callister TQ. Prognostic value of cardiac risk factors and coronary artery calcium screening for all cause mortality. Radiology 2003;228:826-833.
9. Raggi P, Shaw LJ, Berman DS, Callister TQ. Gender-based differences in the prognostic value of coronary calcification. J Women's Health 2004;13:273-282.
10. Raggi P, Shaw LJ, Berman DS, Callister TQ. Prognostic value of coronary artery calcium screening in subjects with and without diabetes. J Am Coll Cardiol 2004;43:1663-1669.
11. Agatston AS, Janowitz AS, Hildner FJ, Zusmer NR, Viamonte M Jr, Detrano R. Quantification of coronary artery calcium using ultrafast computed tomography. J Am Coll Cardiol 1990;15:827-832.
12. www.cdc.gov/nchs/r&d/ndi/, cdc.gov/nchs/r&d/ndi/ (1 August 2005).
13. Marwick TH, Shaw LJ, Case C, Vasey, Thomas JD. Clinical and economic impact of exercise electrocardiography and exercise echocardiography in clinical practice. Eur Heart J 2003;24:1153-1163.
14. Shaw LJ, Raggi P, Berman DS, Callister TQ. Coronary artery calcium as a measure of biologic age. Atherosclerosis 2005, doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis. 2005.10.010.
15. Strong JP, Richards ML. Cigarette smoking and atherosclerosis in autopsied men. Atherosclerosis 1976;23:451-476.
16. Burke AP, Farb A, Malcom GT, Liang YH, Smialek J, Virmani R. Coronary risk factors and plaque morphology in men with coronary disease who died suddenly. N Engl J Med 1997;336:1276-1282.
17. http://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/sgr/sgr_2004/pdf/chapter3.pdf (31 July 2005)
18. Chambless LE, Heiss G, Folsom AR, Rosamond W, Szklo M, Sharrett AR, Clegg LX. Association of coronary heart disease incidence with carotid arterial wall thickness and major risk factors: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study, 1987-1993. Am J Epidemiol 1997;146: 483-494.
19. Greenland P, LaBree L, Azen SP, Doherty TM, Detrano RC. Coronary artery calcium score combined with Framingham score for risk prediction in asymptomatic individuals. JAMA 2004;291:210-215.
20. Pletcher MJ, Tice JA, Pignone M, Browner WS. Using the Coronary Artery Calcium Score to Predict Coronary Heart Disease Events. A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Arch Intern Med 2004;164:1285-1292.
21. Budoff MJ, Achenbach S, Blumenthal RS, Carr JJ, Goldin JG, Greenland P, Guerci AD, Lima JAC, Rader DJ, Rubin GD, Shaw LJ, Wiegers SE. Assessment of Coronary Artery Disease by Cardiac Computed Tomography: A Statement for Health Professionals From the American Heart Association. Circulation, in press.
22. Mieres JH, Shaw LJ, Arai A, Budoff M, Hundley G, Flamm SD, Marwick TH, Mosca L, Patel AR, Redberg RF, Taubert K, Thomas G, Wenger NK, for the Cardiovascular Imaging Committee. American Heart Association-Cardiac Imaging Committee Consensus Statement: The role of cardiac imaging in the clinical evaluation of women with known or suspected coronary artery disease. Circulation 2005;111:682-696.
23. Arad Y, Goodman KJ, Roth M, Newstein D, Guerci AD. Coronary calcification, coronary disease risk factors, C-reactive protein, and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease events: the St. Francis Heart Study. J Am Coll Cardiol 2005;46:158-165.
24. Qu W, Le TT, Azen SP, Xiang M, Wong ND, Doherty TM, Detrano RC. Value of coronary artery calcium scanning by computed tomography for predicting coronary heart disease in diabetic subjects. Diab Care 2003;26:905-910.
25. Park R, Detrano R, Xiang M, Fu P, Ibrahim Y, LaBree L, Azen S. Combined use of computed tomography coronary calcium scores and C-reactive protein levels in predicting cardiovascular events in nondiabetic individuals. Circulation 2002;106:2073-2077.
26. Wong ND, Budoff MJ, Pio J, Detrano RC. Coronary calcium and cardiovascular event risk: evaluation by age- and sex-specific quartiles. Am Heart J 2002;143:456-459.
27. Greenland P, Gaviano JM. Selecting asymptomatic patients for coronary computed tomography or electrocardiographic exercise testing. N Engl J Med 2003;349:465-473.
28. Thompson GR, Partridge J. Coronary calcification score: the coronary-risk impact factor. The Lancet 2004;363:557-559.
29. Danesh J, Wheeler JG, Hirschfield GM, Eda S, Eiriksdottir G, Rumley A, Lowe GD, Pepys MB, Gudnason V. C-reactive protein and other circulating markers of inflammation in the prediction of coronary heart disease. N Engl J Med 2004;350:1387-1397.
30. Taylor AJ, Bindeman J, Feurerstein I, Cao F, Brazaitis M, O'Malley PG. The independent prognostic value of coronary calcium over measured cardiovascular risk factors in an asymptomatic male screening population: 6-year outcomes in the prospective army coronary calcium project. J Am Coll Cardiol 2005;46:807-814.
31. LaMonte MJ, FitzGerald SJ, Church TS, Barlow CE, Radford NB, Levine BD, Pippin JJ, Gibbons LW, Blair SN, Nichaman MZ. Coronary artery calcium score and coronary heart disease events in a large cohort of asymptomatic men and women. Am J Epidemiol 2005;162:421-429.
32. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Cigarette smoking among adults-United States, 2002. Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2004;53:427-431.
33. Wilson PWF, D'Agostino RB, Levy D, Belanger AM, Silbershatz H, Kannel WB. Prediction of coronary heart disease using risk factor categories. Circulation 1998;97:1837-1847.
34. Kuller L, Borhani N, Furberg C, Gardin J, Manolio T, O'Leary D, Psaty B, Robbins J. Prevalence of subclinical atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease and association with risk factors in the Cardiovascular Health Study. Am J Epidemiol 1994;139:1164-1179.
35. van Berkel TF, Boersma H, Roos-Hesselink JW, Erdman RA, Simoons ML. Impact of smoking cessation and smoking interventions in patients with coronary heart disease. Eur Heart J 1999;20:1773-1782.
36. Sharrett AR, Sorlie PD, Chambless LE, Folsom AR, Hutchinson RG, Heiss G, Szklo M. Relative importance of various risk factors for asymptomatic carotid atherosclerosis vs coronary heart disease incidence: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study. Am J Epidemiol 1999;149: 843-852.
37. Howard G, Manolio TA, Burke GL, Wolfson SK, O'Leary DH. Does the association of risk factors and atherosclerosis change with age? An analysis of the combined ARIC and CHS cohorts. Stroke 1997;28:1693-1701.
38. Zheng ZJ, Sharrett AR, Chambless LE, Rosamond WD, Nieto FJ, Sheps DS, Dobs A, Evans GW, Heiss G. Associations of ankle-brachial index with clinical coronary heart disease, stroke and preclinical carotid and popliteal atherosclerosis: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study. Atherosclerosis 1997;131:115-125.
39. Criqui MH, Langer RD, Fronek A, Feigelson HS, Klauber MR, McCann TJ, Browner D. Mortality over a period of 10 years in patients with peripheral arterial disease. N Engl J Med 1992;326:381-386.
40. Newman AB, Shemanski L, Manolio TA, Cushman M, Mittelmark M, Polak JF, Powe NR, Siscovick D, Cardiovascular Health Study Group. Ankle-arm index as a predictor of cardiovascular disease and mortality in the Cardiovascular Health Study. Arteriosc Thromb Vasc Biol 1999;19:538-545.
41. Burke AP, Farb A, Malcom GT, Liang Y, Smialek J, Virmani R. Effect of risk factors on the mechanism of acute thrombosis and sudden coronary death in women. Circulation 1998;97:2110-2116.
42. Burke AP, Farb A, Malcom GT, Liang YH, Smialek J, Virmani R. Coronary risk factors and plaque morphology in men with coronary disease who died suddenly. N Engl J Med 1997;336:1276-1282.
43. Schmermund A, Baumgart D, Adamzik M, Ge J, Gronemeyer D, Seibel R, Sehnert C, Gorge G, Haude M, Erbel R. Comparison of electron-beam computed tomography and intracoronary ultrasound in detecting calcified and non-calcified plaques in patients with acute coronary syndromes and no or minimal to moderate angiographic coronary artery disease. Am J Cardiol 1998;81:141-146.
44. Simon A, Girat P, Levenson J. Extracoronary atherosclerotic plaque at multiple sites and total coronary calcification deposit in asymptomatic men: association with coronary risk profile. Circulation 1995;92:1414-1421.
45. Lauer MS, Blackstone EH, Young JB, Topol EJ. Cause of death in clinical research: time for a reassessment? J Am Coll Cardiol 1999;34:618-620.
46. http://www.cdc.gov/nccdphp/burdenbook2004/Section01/tables.htm (31 July 2005)
47. Bild DE, Detrano R, Peterson D, Guerci A, Liu K, Shahar E, Ouyang P, Jackson S, Saad MF. Ethnic differences in coronary calcification: the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA). Circulation 2005;111:1313-1320.
48. Rigotti NA, Pasternak RC. Cigarette smoking and coronary heart disease: risks and management. Cardiol Clin 1996;14:51-68.