메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 26, Issue 1, 2006, Pages 31-48

Differentiating the causes of metabolic acidosis in the poisoned patient

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AMINOCAPROIC ACID; AMPHETAMINE DERIVATIVE; BENZENE; CARBON MONOXIDE; CATECHOLAMINE DERIVATIVE; CITRIC ACID; COCAINE; CYANIDE; DIDANOSINE; DIETHYLENE GLYCOL; EPHEDRINE; ETHYLENE GLYCOL; FLUORIDE; FORMALDEHYDE; HYDROGEN SULFIDE; IBUPROFEN; IRON; ISONIAZID; METFORMIN; METHANOL; NALIDIXIC ACID; NICOTINIC ACID; PARACETAMOL; PARALDEHYDE; PHENFORMIN; POISON; SALICYLIC ACID DERIVATIVE; TOLUENE; UNINDEXED DRUG; VALPROIC ACID;

EID: 33645227841     PISSN: 02722712     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.cll.2006.01.002     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (15)

References (108)
  • 1
    • 0036258212 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Metabolic acidosis in the intensive care unit
    • P.M. Gauthier, and H.M. Szerlip Metabolic acidosis in the intensive care unit Crit Care Clin 18 2002 289
    • (2002) Crit Care Clin , vol.18 , pp. 289
    • Gauthier, P.M.1    Szerlip, H.M.2
  • 2
    • 0035318310 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Metabolic acidosis
    • E.R. Swenson Metabolic acidosis Respir Care 46 2001 342
    • (2001) Respir Care , vol.46 , pp. 342
    • Swenson, E.R.1
  • 3
    • 26844459792 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base principles
    • L.R. Goldfrank M.A. Howland R.S. Hoffman 7th edition McGraw-Hill New York*et al.
    • R.S. Hoffman Fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base principles L.R. Goldfrank M.A. Howland R.S. Hoffman Goldfrank's toxicologic emergencies 7th edition 2002 McGraw-Hill New York 2170
    • (2002) Goldfrank's Toxicologic Emergencies , pp. 2170
    • Hoffman, R.S.1
  • 4
    • 26844509118 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Unexplained acid-base and anion gap disorders
    • R.C. Dart 3rd edition Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Philadelphia
    • S.A. Seifert Unexplained acid-base and anion gap disorders R.C. Dart Medical toxicology 3rd edition 2004 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Philadelphia 1914
    • (2004) Medical Toxicology , pp. 1914
    • Seifert, S.A.1
  • 5
    • 0030992937 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pearls, pitfalls, and updates in toxicology
    • M. Kirk, and S. Pace Pearls, pitfalls, and updates in toxicology Emerg Med Clin North Am 15 1997 427 449
    • (1997) Emerg Med Clin North Am , vol.15 , pp. 427-449
    • Kirk, M.1    Pace, S.2
  • 7
    • 0023846106 scopus 로고
    • Implications of discordance between clinical impression and toxicology analysis in drug overdose
    • A.S. Brett Implications of discordance between clinical impression and toxicology analysis in drug overdose Arch Intern Med 148 1988 437 441
    • (1988) Arch Intern Med , vol.148 , pp. 437-441
    • Brett, A.S.1
  • 8
    • 0023544949 scopus 로고
    • Impact of drug screening in suspected overdose
    • A.L. Kellermann, S.D. Fihn, and J.P. LoGerfo Impact of drug screening in suspected overdose Ann Emerg Med 16 1987 1206 1216
    • (1987) Ann Emerg Med , vol.16 , pp. 1206-1216
    • Kellermann, A.L.1    Fihn, S.D.2    Logerfo, J.P.3
  • 9
    • 0026519638 scopus 로고
    • The effect of toxicologic screening on management of minimally symptomatic overdoses
    • K.A. Sporer, and A.A. Ernst The effect of toxicologic screening on management of minimally symptomatic overdoses Am J Emerg Med 10 1992 173 175
    • (1992) Am J Emerg Med , vol.10 , pp. 173-175
    • Sporer, K.A.1    Ernst, A.A.2
  • 13
    • 0030835429 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diagnostic use of anion and osmolal gaps in pediatric emergency medicine
    • R. Chabali Diagnostic use of anion and osmolal gaps in pediatric emergency medicine Pediatr Emerg Care 13 1997 204 210
    • (1997) Pediatr Emerg Care , vol.13 , pp. 204-210
    • Chabali, R.1
  • 15
    • 0018211316 scopus 로고
    • Acid-base disturbances in the salicylate-intoxicated adult
    • P.A. Gabow, R.J. Anderson, and D.E. Potts Acid-base disturbances in the salicylate-intoxicated adult Arch Intern Med 138 1978 1481 1484
    • (1978) Arch Intern Med , vol.138 , pp. 1481-1484
    • Gabow, P.A.1    Anderson, R.J.2    Potts, D.E.3
  • 16
    • 0022005866 scopus 로고
    • Clinical significance of the elevated anion gap
    • B.E. Brenner Clinical significance of the elevated anion gap Am J Med 79 1985 289 296
    • (1985) Am J Med , vol.79 , pp. 289-296
    • Brenner, B.E.1
  • 17
    • 0018969724 scopus 로고
    • Diagnostic importance of an increased serum anion gap
    • P.A. Gabow, W.D. Kaehny, and P.V. Fennessey Diagnostic importance of an increased serum anion gap N Engl J Med 303 1980 854 858
    • (1980) N Engl J Med , vol.303 , pp. 854-858
    • Gabow, P.A.1    Kaehny, W.D.2    Fennessey, P.V.3
  • 19
    • 0023227545 scopus 로고
    • Serum osmolality gap in postoperative patients in intensive care
    • H. Inaba, H. Hirasawa, and T. Mizuguchi Serum osmolality gap in postoperative patients in intensive care Lancet 1 1987 1331 1335
    • (1987) Lancet , vol.1 , pp. 1331-1335
    • Inaba, H.1    Hirasawa, H.2    Mizuguchi, T.3
  • 20
    • 0025130983 scopus 로고
    • Increased osmolal gap in alcoholic ketoacidosis and lactic acidosis
    • J.R. Schelling, R.L. Howard, and S.D. Winter Increased osmolal gap in alcoholic ketoacidosis and lactic acidosis Ann Intern Med 113 1990 580 582
    • (1990) Ann Intern Med , vol.113 , pp. 580-582
    • Schelling, J.R.1    Howard, R.L.2    Winter, S.D.3
  • 21
    • 0020539848 scopus 로고
    • The osmolal gap in renal failure
    • A.H. Sklar, and S.L. Linas The osmolal gap in renal failure Ann Intern Med 98 1983 481 482
    • (1983) Ann Intern Med , vol.98 , pp. 481-482
    • Sklar, A.H.1    Linas, S.L.2
  • 22
    • 0016585051 scopus 로고
    • Comparison of methods for calculating serum osmolality from chemical concentrations, and the prognostic value of such calculations
    • W.V. Dorwart, and L. Chalmers Comparison of methods for calculating serum osmolality from chemical concentrations, and the prognostic value of such calculations Clin Chem 21 1975 190 194
    • (1975) Clin Chem , vol.21 , pp. 190-194
    • Dorwart, W.V.1    Chalmers, L.2
  • 24
    • 0024518878 scopus 로고
    • Serum osmolality in alcohol ingestions: Differences in availability among laboratories of teaching hospital, nonteaching hospital, and commercial facilities
    • T.F. Eisen, P.G. Lacouture, and A. Woolf Serum osmolality in alcohol ingestions: differences in availability among laboratories of teaching hospital, nonteaching hospital, and commercial facilities Am J Emerg Med 7 1989 256 259
    • (1989) Am J Emerg Med , vol.7 , pp. 256-259
    • Eisen, T.F.1    Lacouture, P.G.2    Woolf, A.3
  • 25
    • 0029918555 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Utility of the serum osmol gap in the diagnosis of methanol or ethylene glycol ingestion
    • D.S. Glaser Utility of the serum osmol gap in the diagnosis of methanol or ethylene glycol ingestion Ann Emerg Med 27 1996 343 346
    • (1996) Ann Emerg Med , vol.27 , pp. 343-346
    • Glaser, D.S.1
  • 26
    • 0025077397 scopus 로고
    • Case report: Severe ethylene glycol intoxication with normal osmolal gap - "a chilling thought."
    • B. Steinhart Case report: severe ethylene glycol intoxication with normal osmolal gap - "a chilling thought." J Emerg Med 8 1990 583 585
    • (1990) J Emerg Med , vol.8 , pp. 583-585
    • Steinhart, B.1
  • 27
    • 0031838156 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Utility of standard base excess in acid-base analysis
    • B.A. Mizock Utility of standard base excess in acid-base analysis Crit Care Med 26 1998 1146 1147
    • (1998) Crit Care Med , vol.26 , pp. 1146-1147
    • Mizock, B.A.1
  • 28
    • 0021068090 scopus 로고
    • Modern quantitative acid-base chemistry
    • P.A. Stewart Modern quantitative acid-base chemistry Can J Physiol Pharmacol 61 1983 1444 1461
    • (1983) Can J Physiol Pharmacol , vol.61 , pp. 1444-1461
    • Stewart, P.A.1
  • 29
    • 0034524383 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diagnosis of metabolic acid-base disturbances in critically ill patients
    • V. Fencl, A. Jabor, and A. Kazda Diagnosis of metabolic acid-base disturbances in critically ill patients Am J Respir Crit Care Med 162 2000 2246 2251
    • (2000) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , vol.162 , pp. 2246-2251
    • Fencl, V.1    Jabor, A.2    Kazda, A.3
  • 30
    • 0028024670 scopus 로고
    • Acid-base regulation: A comparison of quantitative methods
    • J.M. Kowalchuk, and B.W. Scheuermann Acid-base regulation: a comparison of quantitative methods Can J Physiol Pharmacol 72 1994 818 826
    • (1994) Can J Physiol Pharmacol , vol.72 , pp. 818-826
    • Kowalchuk, J.M.1    Scheuermann, B.W.2
  • 31
    • 0022625932 scopus 로고
    • Organic acids in ethylene glycol intoxication
    • P.A. Gabow, K. Clay, and J.B. Sullivan Organic acids in ethylene glycol intoxication Ann Intern Med 105 1986 16 20
    • (1986) Ann Intern Med , vol.105 , pp. 16-20
    • Gabow, P.A.1    Clay, K.2    Sullivan, J.B.3
  • 32
    • 0031647374 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glycolate kinetics and hemodialysis clearance in ethylene glycol poisoning. META Study Group
    • C.L. Moreau, W. Kerns II, and C.A. Tomaszewski Glycolate kinetics and hemodialysis clearance in ethylene glycol poisoning. META Study Group J Toxicol Clin Toxicol 36 1998 659 666
    • (1998) J Toxicol Clin Toxicol , vol.36 , pp. 659-666
    • Moreau, C.L.1    Kerns II, W.2    Tomaszewski, C.A.3
  • 33
    • 0020385267 scopus 로고
    • The gasping syndrome and benzyl alcohol poisoning
    • J.J. Gershanik, G. Boecler, and H. Ensley The gasping syndrome and benzyl alcohol poisoning N Engl J Med 307 1982 1384 1388
    • (1982) N Engl J Med , vol.307 , pp. 1384-1388
    • Gershanik, J.J.1    Boecler, G.2    Ensley, H.3
  • 34
    • 84920226799 scopus 로고
    • Lactic acidosis and hyperlactataemia
    • K.G. Alberti, R.D. Cohen, and H.F. Woods Lactic acidosis and hyperlactataemia Lancet 2 1974 1519 1560
    • (1974) Lancet , vol.2 , pp. 1519-1560
    • Alberti, K.G.1    Cohen, R.D.2    Woods, H.F.3
  • 35
    • 0002052721 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analgesic-antipyretic and anti-inflammatory agents and drugs employed in the treatment of gout
    • J.G. Harmon L.E. Limbird 9th edition McGraw-Hill New York
    • P.A. Insel Analgesic-antipyretic and anti-inflammatory agents and drugs employed in the treatment of gout J.G. Harmon L.E. Limbird Goodman & Gilman's The pharmacologic basis of therapeutics 9th edition 1996 McGraw-Hill New York 1905
    • (1996) Goodman & Gilman's the Pharmacologic Basis of Therapeutics , pp. 1905
    • Insel, P.A.1
  • 36
    • 0345704328 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Caustics and batteries
    • L.R. Goldfrank M.A. Howland R.S. Hoffman 7th edition McGraw-Hill New York*et al.
    • R.B. Rao, and R.S. Hoffman Caustics and batteries L.R. Goldfrank M.A. Howland R.S. Hoffman Goldfrank's toxicologic emergencies 7th edition 2002 McGraw-Hill New York 2170
    • (2002) Goldfrank's Toxicologic Emergencies , pp. 2170
    • Rao, R.B.1    Hoffman, R.S.2
  • 37
    • 0022570529 scopus 로고
    • Coma and metabolic acidosis early in severe acute paracetamol poisoning
    • R.J. Flanagan, and T.G. Mant Coma and metabolic acidosis early in severe acute paracetamol poisoning Hum Toxicol 5 1986 179 182
    • (1986) Hum Toxicol , vol.5 , pp. 179-182
    • Flanagan, R.J.1    Mant, T.G.2
  • 38
    • 0020313169 scopus 로고
    • Severe metabolic acidosis early in paracetamol poisoning
    • A. Zezulka, and N. Wright Severe metabolic acidosis early in paracetamol poisoning Br Med J (Clin Res Ed) 285 1982 851 852
    • (1982) Br Med J (Clin Res Ed) , vol.285 , pp. 851-852
    • Zezulka, A.1    Wright, N.2
  • 39
    • 0024340940 scopus 로고
    • Early indicators of prognosis in fulminant hepatic failure
    • J.G. O'Grady, G.J. Alexander, and K.M. Hayllar Early indicators of prognosis in fulminant hepatic failure Gastroenterology 97 1989 439 445
    • (1989) Gastroenterology , vol.97 , pp. 439-445
    • O'Grady, J.G.1    Alexander, G.J.2    Hayllar, K.M.3
  • 40
    • 0024475425 scopus 로고
    • Metabolic alterations resulting from the inhibition of mitochondrial respiration by acetaminophen in vivo
    • R.L. Esterline, and S. Ji Metabolic alterations resulting from the inhibition of mitochondrial respiration by acetaminophen in vivo Biochem Pharmacol 38 1989 2390 2392
    • (1989) Biochem Pharmacol , vol.38 , pp. 2390-2392
    • Esterline, R.L.1    Ji, S.2
  • 41
    • 0024341761 scopus 로고
    • Reversible and irreversible inhibition of hepatic mitochondrial respiration by acetaminophen and its toxic metabolite, N-acetyl-p- benzoquinoneimine (NAPQI)
    • R.L. Esterline, S.D. Ray, and S. Ji Reversible and irreversible inhibition of hepatic mitochondrial respiration by acetaminophen and its toxic metabolite, N-acetyl-p-benzoquinoneimine (NAPQI) Biochem Pharmacol 38 1989 2387 2390
    • (1989) Biochem Pharmacol , vol.38 , pp. 2387-2390
    • Esterline, R.L.1    Ray, S.D.2    Ji, S.3
  • 42
    • 0018636164 scopus 로고
    • Inhibition of respiration and gluconeogenesis by paracetamol in rat kidney preparations
    • K.E. Porter, and A.G. Dawson Inhibition of respiration and gluconeogenesis by paracetamol in rat kidney preparations Biochem Pharmacol 28 1979 3057 3062
    • (1979) Biochem Pharmacol , vol.28 , pp. 3057-3062
    • Porter, K.E.1    Dawson, A.G.2
  • 43
    • 3343001895 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prognostic factors in lactic acidosis syndrome caused by nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors: Report of eight cases and review of the literature
    • N.S. Tripuraneni, P.R. Smith, and J. Weedon Prognostic factors in lactic acidosis syndrome caused by nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors: report of eight cases and review of the literature AIDS Patient Care STDS 18 2004 379 384
    • (2004) AIDS Patient Care STDS , vol.18 , pp. 379-384
    • Tripuraneni, N.S.1    Smith, P.R.2    Weedon, J.3
  • 44
    • 0033985675 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lactic acidosis associated with stavudine administration: A report of five cases
    • M.H. Mokrzycki, C. Harris, and H. May Lactic acidosis associated with stavudine administration: a report of five cases Clin Infect Dis 30 2000 198 200
    • (2000) Clin Infect Dis , vol.30 , pp. 198-200
    • Mokrzycki, M.H.1    Harris, C.2    May, H.3
  • 45
    • 0030793323 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Zidovudine-induced fatal lactic acidosis and hepatic failure in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: Report of two patients and review of the literature
    • K. Sundar, M. Suarez, and P.E. Banogon Zidovudine-induced fatal lactic acidosis and hepatic failure in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: report of two patients and review of the literature Crit Care Med 25 1997 1425 1430
    • (1997) Crit Care Med , vol.25 , pp. 1425-1430
    • Sundar, K.1    Suarez, M.2    Banogon, P.E.3
  • 46
    • 0037087075 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Severe nucleoside-associated lactic acidosis in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients: Report of 12 cases and review of the literature
    • V. Falco, D. Rodriguez, and E. Ribera Severe nucleoside-associated lactic acidosis in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients: report of 12 cases and review of the literature Clin Infect Dis 34 2002 838 846
    • (2002) Clin Infect Dis , vol.34 , pp. 838-846
    • Falco, V.1    Rodriguez, D.2    Ribera, E.3
  • 47
    • 0035853430 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chronic hyperlactatemia in HIV-infected patients taking antiretroviral therapy
    • M. John, C.B. Moore, and I.R. James Chronic hyperlactatemia in HIV-infected patients taking antiretroviral therapy AIDS 15 2001 717 723
    • (2001) AIDS , vol.15 , pp. 717-723
    • John, M.1    Moore, C.B.2    James, I.R.3
  • 48
    • 0035664482 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Emerging role of riboflavin in the treatment of nucleoside analogue-induced type B lactic acidosis
    • S.D. Dalton, and A.R. Rahimi Emerging role of riboflavin in the treatment of nucleoside analogue-induced type B lactic acidosis AIDS Patient Care STDS 15 2001 611 614
    • (2001) AIDS Patient Care STDS , vol.15 , pp. 611-614
    • Dalton, S.D.1    Rahimi, A.R.2
  • 49
    • 0029031651 scopus 로고
    • Life-threatening intoxication with sodium valproate
    • G.O. Anderson, and S. Ritland Life-threatening intoxication with sodium valproate J Toxicol Clin Toxicol 33 1995 279 284
    • (1995) J Toxicol Clin Toxicol , vol.33 , pp. 279-284
    • Anderson, G.O.1    Ritland, S.2
  • 50
    • 0030067638 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Valproic acid overdose and L-carnitine therapy
    • H. Ishikura, N. Matsuo, and M. Matsubara Valproic acid overdose and L-carnitine therapy J Anal Toxicol 20 1996 55 58
    • (1996) J Anal Toxicol , vol.20 , pp. 55-58
    • Ishikura, H.1    Matsuo, N.2    Matsubara, M.3
  • 51
    • 0029936983 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of L-carnitine supplementation on acute valproate intoxication
    • K. Murakami, T. Sugimoto, and M. Woo Effect of L-carnitine supplementation on acute valproate intoxication Epilepsia 37 1996 687 689
    • (1996) Epilepsia , vol.37 , pp. 687-689
    • Murakami, K.1    Sugimoto, T.2    Woo, M.3
  • 52
    • 0025250366 scopus 로고
    • Acute valproic acid overdose. Clinical course and pharmacokinetic disposition of valproic acid and metabolites
    • R.E. Dupuis, S.N. Lichtman, and G.M. Pollack Acute valproic acid overdose. Clinical course and pharmacokinetic disposition of valproic acid and metabolites Drug Saf 5 1990 65 71
    • (1990) Drug Saf , vol.5 , pp. 65-71
    • Dupuis, R.E.1    Lichtman, S.N.2    Pollack, G.M.3
  • 53
    • 0034018410 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of carnitine supplementation during valproic acid therapy
    • J.Y. Raskind, and G.M. El-Chaar The role of carnitine supplementation during valproic acid therapy Ann Pharmacother 34 2000 630 638
    • (2000) Ann Pharmacother , vol.34 , pp. 630-638
    • Raskind, J.Y.1    El-Chaar, G.M.2
  • 54
    • 0031770664 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • L-carnitine supplementation in childhood epilepsy: Current perspectives
    • D.C. DeVivo, T.P. Bohan, and D.L. Coulter L-carnitine supplementation in childhood epilepsy: current perspectives Epilepsia 39 1998 1216 1225
    • (1998) Epilepsia , vol.39 , pp. 1216-1225
    • Devivo, D.C.1    Bohan, T.P.2    Coulter, D.L.3
  • 55
    • 0032969589 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Incidence of lactic acidosis in metformin users
    • M. Stang, D.K. Wysowski, and D. Butler-Jones Incidence of lactic acidosis in metformin users Diabetes Care 22 1999 925 927
    • (1999) Diabetes Care , vol.22 , pp. 925-927
    • Stang, M.1    Wysowski, D.K.2    Butler-Jones, D.3
  • 56
    • 0031685819 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lactic acidosis rates in type 2 diabetes
    • J.B. Brown, K. Pedula, and J. Barzilay Lactic acidosis rates in type 2 diabetes Diabetes Care 21 1998 1659 1663
    • (1998) Diabetes Care , vol.21 , pp. 1659-1663
    • Brown, J.B.1    Pedula, K.2    Barzilay, J.3
  • 57
    • 0032734678 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Metformin-associated lactic acidosis: A rare or very rare clinical entity?
    • N.N. Chan, H.P. Brain, and M.D. Feher Metformin-associated lactic acidosis: a rare or very rare clinical entity? Diabet Med 16 1999 273 281
    • (1999) Diabet Med , vol.16 , pp. 273-281
    • Chan, N.N.1    Brain, H.P.2    Feher, M.D.3
  • 58
    • 0344420380 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk of fatal and nonfatal lactic acidosis with metformin use in type 2 diabetes mellitus: Systematic review and meta-analysis
    • S.R. Salpeter, E. Greyber, and G.A. Pasternak Risk of fatal and nonfatal lactic acidosis with metformin use in type 2 diabetes mellitus: systematic review and meta-analysis Arch Intern Med 163 2003 2594 2602
    • (2003) Arch Intern Med , vol.163 , pp. 2594-2602
    • Salpeter, S.R.1    Greyber, E.2    Pasternak, G.A.3
  • 59
    • 0034659785 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence that metformin exerts its anti-diabetic effects through inhibition of complex 1 of the mitochondrial respiratory chain
    • M.R. Owen, E. Doran, and A.P. Halestrap Evidence that metformin exerts its anti-diabetic effects through inhibition of complex 1 of the mitochondrial respiratory chain Biochem J 3 2000 607 614
    • (2000) Biochem J , vol.3 , pp. 607-614
    • Owen, M.R.1    Doran, E.2    Halestrap, A.P.3
  • 61
    • 26844433022 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multicenter case series of adult metformin ingestion
    • H.A. Spiller, J. Weber, and M. Hofman Multicenter case series of adult metformin ingestion [abstract] J Toxicol Clin Toxicol 37 1999 639
    • (1999) J Toxicol Clin Toxicol , vol.37 , pp. 639
    • Spiller, H.A.1    Weber, J.2    Hofman, M.3
  • 62
    • 0025320091 scopus 로고
    • In vivo binding of carbon monoxide to cytochrome c oxidase in rat brain
    • S.D. Brown, and C.A. Piantadosi In vivo binding of carbon monoxide to cytochrome c oxidase in rat brain J Appl Physiol 68 1990 604 610
    • (1990) J Appl Physiol , vol.68 , pp. 604-610
    • Brown, S.D.1    Piantadosi, C.A.2
  • 63
    • 26844439103 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biochemical principles
    • L.R. Goldfrank M.A. Howland R.S. Hoffman 7th edition McGraw-Hill New York*et al.
    • K.A. Delaney Biochemical principles L.R. Goldfrank M.A. Howland R.S. Hoffman Goldfrank's toxicologic emergencies 7th edition 2002 McGraw-Hill New York 2170
    • (2002) Goldfrank's Toxicologic Emergencies , pp. 2170
    • Delaney, K.A.1
  • 64
    • 0021287514 scopus 로고
    • Cyanide intoxication and its mechanism of antagonism
    • J.L. Way Cyanide intoxication and its mechanism of antagonism Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 24 1984 451 481
    • (1984) Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol , vol.24 , pp. 451-481
    • Way, J.L.1
  • 65
    • 0019190867 scopus 로고
    • Acute iron poisoning. a review
    • J.L. Robotham, and P.S. Lietman Acute iron poisoning. A review Am J Dis Child 134 1980 875 879
    • (1980) Am J Dis Child , vol.134 , pp. 875-879
    • Robotham, J.L.1    Lietman, P.S.2
  • 66
    • 0021890846 scopus 로고
    • Hypokalemia from beta 2-receptor stimulation by circulating epinephrine
    • M.J. Brown Hypokalemia from beta 2-receptor stimulation by circulating epinephrine Am J Cardiol 56 1985 3D 9D
    • (1985) Am J Cardiol , vol.56
    • Brown, M.J.1
  • 68
    • 0034898981 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hypokalemic metabolic acidosis attributed to cough mixture abuse
    • K.M. Wong, W.L. Chak, and C.Y. Cheung Hypokalemic metabolic acidosis attributed to cough mixture abuse Am J Kidney Dis 38 2001 390 394
    • (2001) Am J Kidney Dis , vol.38 , pp. 390-394
    • Wong, K.M.1    Chak, W.L.2    Cheung, C.Y.3
  • 69
    • 0024507948 scopus 로고
    • Lactic acidosis
    • B.A. Mizock Lactic acidosis Dis Mon 35 1989 233 300
    • (1989) Dis Mon , vol.35 , pp. 233-300
    • Mizock, B.A.1
  • 71
    • 0022522938 scopus 로고
    • Splanchnic and peripheral glucose and lactate metabolism during and after prolonged arm exercise
    • G. Ahlborg, J. Wahren, and P. Felig Splanchnic and peripheral glucose and lactate metabolism during and after prolonged arm exercise J Clin Invest 77 1986 690 699
    • (1986) J Clin Invest , vol.77 , pp. 690-699
    • Ahlborg, G.1    Wahren, J.2    Felig, P.3
  • 72
    • 0022589102 scopus 로고
    • Plasma lactate and 3-hydroxybutyrate levels in patients with acute ethanol intoxication
    • M. Fulop, J. Bock, and J. Ben-Ezra Plasma lactate and 3-hydroxybutyrate levels in patients with acute ethanol intoxication Am J Med 80 1986 191 194
    • (1986) Am J Med , vol.80 , pp. 191-194
    • Fulop, M.1    Bock, J.2    Ben-Ezra, J.3
  • 73
    • 0023190229 scopus 로고
    • Controversies in lactic acidosis. Implications in critically ill patients
    • B.A. Mizock Controversies in lactic acidosis. Implications in critically ill patients JAMA 258 1987 497 501
    • (1987) JAMA , vol.258 , pp. 497-501
    • Mizock, B.A.1
  • 74
    • 0028358691 scopus 로고
    • Natural history and course of acquired lactic acidosis in adults. DCA - Lactic Acidosis Study Group
    • P.W. Stacpoole, E.C. Wright, and T.G. Baumgartner Natural history and course of acquired lactic acidosis in adults. DCA - Lactic Acidosis Study Group Am J Med 97 1994 47 54
    • (1994) Am J Med , vol.97 , pp. 47-54
    • Stacpoole, P.W.1    Wright, E.C.2    Baumgartner, T.G.3
  • 76
    • 0024369665 scopus 로고
    • Alcoholism, ketoacidosis, and lactic acidosis
    • M. Fulop Alcoholism, ketoacidosis, and lactic acidosis Diabetes Metab Rev 5 1989 365
    • (1989) Diabetes Metab Rev , vol.5 , pp. 365
    • Fulop, M.1
  • 77
    • 0020120483 scopus 로고
    • Alcoholic ketoacidosis: A review of 30 cases
    • A. Soffer, and S. Hamburger Alcoholic ketoacidosis: a review of 30 cases J Am Med Womens Assoc 37 1982 106 110
    • (1982) J Am Med Womens Assoc , vol.37 , pp. 106-110
    • Soffer, A.1    Hamburger, S.2
  • 79
    • 0018360336 scopus 로고
    • Convulsions as the etiology of lactic acidosis in acute isoniazid toxicity in dogs
    • L. Chin, M.L. Sievers, and R.N. Herrier Convulsions as the etiology of lactic acidosis in acute isoniazid toxicity in dogs Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 49 1979 377 384
    • (1979) Toxicol Appl Pharmacol , vol.49 , pp. 377-384
    • Chin, L.1    Sievers, M.L.2    Herrier, R.N.3
  • 80
    • 0021752958 scopus 로고
    • Association of beta hydroxybutyric acidosis with isoniazid intoxication
    • M.V. Pahl, N.D. Vaziri, and R. Ness Association of beta hydroxybutyric acidosis with isoniazid intoxication J Toxicol Clin Toxicol 22 1984 167 176
    • (1984) J Toxicol Clin Toxicol , vol.22 , pp. 167-176
    • Pahl, M.V.1    Vaziri, N.D.2    Ness, R.3
  • 81
    • 0018717158 scopus 로고
    • Clinical pharmacokinetics of isoniazid
    • W.W. Weber, and D.W. Hein Clinical pharmacokinetics of isoniazid Clin Pharmacokinet 4 1979 401 422
    • (1979) Clin Pharmacokinet , vol.4 , pp. 401-422
    • Weber, W.W.1    Hein, D.W.2
  • 82
    • 0026113887 scopus 로고
    • Glue-sniffing and distal renal tubular acidosis: Sticking to the facts
    • E.J. Carlisle, S.M. Donnelly, and S. Vasuvattakul Glue-sniffing and distal renal tubular acidosis: sticking to the facts J Am Soc Nephrol 1 1991 1019 1027
    • (1991) J Am Soc Nephrol , vol.1 , pp. 1019-1027
    • Carlisle, E.J.1    Donnelly, S.M.2    Vasuvattakul, S.3
  • 83
    • 0033653147 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hypokalemic muscular paralysis causing acute respiratory failure due to rhabdomyolysis with renal tubular acidosis in a chronic glue sniffer
    • K.C. Kao, Y.H. Tsai, and M.C. Lin Hypokalemic muscular paralysis causing acute respiratory failure due to rhabdomyolysis with renal tubular acidosis in a chronic glue sniffer J Toxicol Clin Toxicol 38 2000 679 681
    • (2000) J Toxicol Clin Toxicol , vol.38 , pp. 679-681
    • Kao, K.C.1    Tsai, Y.H.2    Lin, M.C.3
  • 84
    • 0027941999 scopus 로고
    • Metabolic acidosis and renal tubular injury due to pure toluene inhalation
    • M. Kamijima, Y. Nakazawa, and M. Yamakawa Metabolic acidosis and renal tubular injury due to pure toluene inhalation Arch Environ Health 49 1994 410 413
    • (1994) Arch Environ Health , vol.49 , pp. 410-413
    • Kamijima, M.1    Nakazawa, Y.2    Yamakawa, M.3
  • 85
    • 0023934438 scopus 로고
    • On the mechanism of toluene-induced renal tubular acidosis
    • D.C. Batlle, S. Sabatini, and N.A. Kurtzman On the mechanism of toluene-induced renal tubular acidosis Nephron 49 1988 210 218
    • (1988) Nephron , vol.49 , pp. 210-218
    • Batlle, D.C.1    Sabatini, S.2    Kurtzman, N.A.3
  • 86
    • 0023218077 scopus 로고
    • Clearance of ethylene glycol by kidneys and hemodialysis
    • J.T. Cheng, T.D. Beysolow, and B. Kaul Clearance of ethylene glycol by kidneys and hemodialysis J Toxicol Clin Toxicol 25 1987 95 108
    • (1987) J Toxicol Clin Toxicol , vol.25 , pp. 95-108
    • Cheng, J.T.1    Beysolow, T.D.2    Kaul, B.3
  • 87
    • 0017580296 scopus 로고
    • On the metabolic acidosis of ethylene glycol intoxication
    • K.L. Clay, and R.C. Murphy On the metabolic acidosis of ethylene glycol intoxication Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 39 1977 39 49
    • (1977) Toxicol Appl Pharmacol , vol.39 , pp. 39-49
    • Clay, K.L.1    Murphy, R.C.2
  • 88
    • 0035825723 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fomepizole for the treatment of ethylene glycol poisoning
    • J. Brent, K. McMartin, and S. Phillips Fomepizole for the treatment of ethylene glycol poisoning N Engl J Med 344 1999 424 429
    • (1999) N Engl J Med , vol.344 , pp. 424-429
    • Brent, J.1    McMartin, K.2    Phillips, S.3
  • 89
    • 0023908004 scopus 로고
    • Ethylene glycol intoxication: Evaluation of kinetics and crystalluria
    • D. Jacobsen, T.P. Hewlett, and R. Webb Ethylene glycol intoxication: evaluation of kinetics and crystalluria Am J Med 84 1988 145 152
    • (1988) Am J Med , vol.84 , pp. 145-152
    • Jacobsen, D.1    Hewlett, T.P.2    Webb, R.3
  • 90
    • 0014215516 scopus 로고
    • Fatal ventricular fibrillation following intravenous sodium diphenylhydantoin therapy
    • G.L. Gellerman, and C. Martinez Fatal ventricular fibrillation following intravenous sodium diphenylhydantoin therapy JAMA 200 1967 337 338
    • (1967) JAMA , vol.200 , pp. 337-338
    • Gellerman, G.L.1    Martinez, C.2
  • 91
    • 0014215540 scopus 로고
    • Fatalities following intravenous use of sodium diphenylhydantoin for cardiac arrhythmias. Report of two cases
    • A.H. Unger, and H.J. Sklaroff Fatalities following intravenous use of sodium diphenylhydantoin for cardiac arrhythmias. Report of two cases JAMA 200 1967 335 336
    • (1967) JAMA , vol.200 , pp. 335-336
    • Unger, A.H.1    Sklaroff, H.J.2
  • 92
    • 0019194044 scopus 로고
    • Propylene glycol intoxication and lactic acidosis
    • J.C. Cate, and R. Hedrick Propylene glycol intoxication and lactic acidosis N Engl J Med 303 1980 1237
    • (1980) N Engl J Med , vol.303 , pp. 1237
    • Cate, J.C.1    Hedrick, R.2
  • 93
    • 77957188546 scopus 로고
    • Acute toxicity of propylene glycol: An assessment using cultured proximal tubule cells of human origin
    • K.M. Morshed, S.K. Jain, and K.E. McMartin Acute toxicity of propylene glycol: an assessment using cultured proximal tubule cells of human origin Fundam Appl Toxicol 23 1994 38 43
    • (1994) Fundam Appl Toxicol , vol.23 , pp. 38-43
    • Morshed, K.M.1    Jain, S.K.2    McMartin, K.E.3
  • 94
    • 0029692594 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of sodium bicarbonate on CBF and intracellular pH in man: Stable Xe-CT and 31P-MRS
    • K. Nakashima, T. Yamashita, and S. Kashiwagi The effect of sodium bicarbonate on CBF and intracellular pH in man: stable Xe-CT and 31P-MRS Acta Neurol Scand Suppl 166 1996 96 98
    • (1996) Acta Neurol Scand Suppl , vol.166 , pp. 96-98
    • Nakashima, K.1    Yamashita, T.2    Kashiwagi, S.3
  • 95
    • 0028928978 scopus 로고
    • Bicarbonate therapy in the treatment of lactic acidosis: Medicine or toxin?
    • R.F. Sing, and C.A. Branas Bicarbonate therapy in the treatment of lactic acidosis: medicine or toxin? J Am Osteopath Assoc 95 1995 52 57
    • (1995) J Am Osteopath Assoc , vol.95 , pp. 52-57
    • Sing, R.F.1    Branas, C.A.2
  • 96
    • 0023930836 scopus 로고
    • Improved hemodynamic function during hypoxia with Carbicarb, a new agent for the management of acidosis
    • R.M. Bersin, and A.I. Arieff Improved hemodynamic function during hypoxia with Carbicarb, a new agent for the management of acidosis Circulation 77 1988 227 233
    • (1988) Circulation , vol.77 , pp. 227-233
    • Bersin, R.M.1    Arieff, A.I.2
  • 97
    • 0015047653 scopus 로고
    • Experimental salicylate poisoning: Observations on the effects of altering blood pH on tissue and plasma salicylate concentrations
    • J.B. Hill Experimental salicylate poisoning: observations on the effects of altering blood pH on tissue and plasma salicylate concentrations Pediatrics 47 1971 658 665
    • (1971) Pediatrics , vol.47 , pp. 658-665
    • Hill, J.B.1
  • 98
    • 0015623744 scopus 로고
    • Salicylate poisoning. Comparison of acetazolamide administration and alkaline diuresis in the treatment of experimental salicylate intoxication in puppies
    • E.W. Reimold, H.G. Worthen, and T.P. Reilly Jr. Salicylate poisoning. Comparison of acetazolamide administration and alkaline diuresis in the treatment of experimental salicylate intoxication in puppies Am J Dis Child 125 1973 668 674
    • (1973) Am J Dis Child , vol.125 , pp. 668-674
    • Reimold, E.W.1    Worthen, H.G.2    Reilly Jr., T.P.3
  • 99
    • 0027326611 scopus 로고
    • Effect of hypertonic sodium bicarbonate in the treatment of moderate-to-severe cyclic antidepressant overdose
    • J.R. Hoffman, S.R. Votey, and M. Bayer Effect of hypertonic sodium bicarbonate in the treatment of moderate-to-severe cyclic antidepressant overdose Am J Emerg Med 11 1993 336 341
    • (1993) Am J Emerg Med , vol.11 , pp. 336-341
    • Hoffman, J.R.1    Votey, S.R.2    Bayer, M.3
  • 100
    • 0022461920 scopus 로고
    • Tricyclic antidepressant poisoning. Management of arrhythmias
    • P.R. Pentel, and N.L. Benowitz Tricyclic antidepressant poisoning. Management of arrhythmias Med Toxicol 1 1986 101 121
    • (1986) Med Toxicol , vol.1 , pp. 101-121
    • Pentel, P.R.1    Benowitz, N.L.2
  • 101
    • 0025186969 scopus 로고
    • Reviewing cyclic antidepressant cardiotoxicity: Wheat and chaff
    • M.J. Smilkstein Reviewing cyclic antidepressant cardiotoxicity: wheat and chaff J Emerg Med 8 1990 645 648
    • (1990) J Emerg Med , vol.8 , pp. 645-648
    • Smilkstein, M.J.1
  • 102
    • 0020284301 scopus 로고
    • Acute toxicity of methanol in the folate-deficient acatalasemic mouse
    • E.N. Smith, and R.T. Taylor Acute toxicity of methanol in the folate-deficient acatalasemic mouse Toxicology 25 1982 271 287
    • (1982) Toxicology , vol.25 , pp. 271-287
    • Smith, E.N.1    Taylor, R.T.2
  • 103
    • 0019487774 scopus 로고
    • Single high-dose pyridoxine treatment for isoniazid overdose
    • S. Wason, P.G. Lacouture, and F.H. Lovejoy Jr. Single high-dose pyridoxine treatment for isoniazid overdose JAMA 246 1981 1102 1104
    • (1981) JAMA , vol.246 , pp. 1102-1104
    • Wason, S.1    Lacouture, P.G.2    Lovejoy Jr., F.H.3
  • 104
    • 26844482914 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pyridoxine
    • L.R. Goldfrank M.A. Howland R.S. Hoffman 7th edition McGraw-Hill New York*et al.
    • M.A. Howland Pyridoxine L.R. Goldfrank M.A. Howland R.S. Hoffman Goldfrank's toxicologic emergencies 7th edition 2002 McGraw-Hill New York 2170
    • (2002) Goldfrank's Toxicologic Emergencies , pp. 2170
    • Howland, M.A.1
  • 105
    • 0019469243 scopus 로고
    • Nitrite as antidote for acute hydrogen sulfide intoxication?
    • J.F. Beck, C.M. Bradbury, and A.J. Connors Nitrite as antidote for acute hydrogen sulfide intoxication? Am Ind Hyg Assoc J 42 1981 805 809
    • (1981) Am Ind Hyg Assoc J , vol.42 , pp. 805-809
    • Beck, J.F.1    Bradbury, C.M.2    Connors, A.J.3
  • 106
    • 0022475519 scopus 로고
    • Hydrogen sulfide poisoning from toxic inhalations of roofing asphalt fumes
    • C.R. Hoidal, A.H. Hall, and M.D. Robinson Hydrogen sulfide poisoning from toxic inhalations of roofing asphalt fumes Ann Emerg Med 15 1986 826 830
    • (1986) Ann Emerg Med , vol.15 , pp. 826-830
    • Hoidal, C.R.1    Hall, A.H.2    Robinson, M.D.3
  • 107
    • 0019723418 scopus 로고
    • Hydrogen sulfide poisoning in a hospital setting
    • J.W. Peters Hydrogen sulfide poisoning in a hospital setting JAMA 246 1981 1588 1589
    • (1981) JAMA , vol.246 , pp. 1588-1589
    • Peters, J.W.1
  • 108
    • 0017032773 scopus 로고
    • Hydrogen sulfide intoxication. a case report and discussion of treatment
    • R.J. Stine, B. Slosberg, and B.E. Beacham Hydrogen sulfide intoxication. A case report and discussion of treatment Ann Intern Med 85 1976 756 758
    • (1976) Ann Intern Med , vol.85 , pp. 756-758
    • Stine, R.J.1    Slosberg, B.2    Beacham, B.E.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.