Savanna trees in Namibia - Factors controlling their distribution at the arid end of the spectrum

Flora: Morphology, Distribution, Functional Ecology of Plants

Volumn 201, Issue 3, 2006, Pages 189-201

  Burke, Antje ^a  

^a EnviroScience   (Namibia)

Author keywords

Biogeography; Climate change; Forestry; Plant functional attributes; Southern Africa; Vegetation history

Indexed keywords

ARID ENVIRONMENT; BIOCLIMATOLOGY; GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION; NUTRIENT USE EFFICIENCY; SAVANNA; TREE; WATER USE EFFICIENCY;

AFRICA; NAMIBIA; SOUTHERN AFRICA; SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA;

ACACIA; ACACIA ERIOLOBA; BAIKIAEA PLURIJUGA; BOSCIA ALBITRUNCA; BURKEA AFRICANA; COLOPHOSPERMUM MOPANE; FAIDHERBIA ALBIDA; GUIBOURTIA; PTEROCARPUS; PTEROCARPUS ANGOLENSIS;

EID: 33645114024     PISSN: 03672530     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.flora.2005.06.011     Document Type: Article

References (59)

1. Alias, D., Herrmann, E., Seymour, E., Milton, S.J., 2003. A collation and overview of research information on Boscia albitrunca (Capparaceae) and the identification of relevant research gaps to inform the protection of the species. Report for Department of Water Affairs and Forestry, Pretoria, South Africa.
2. J.N. Aranibar, L. Otter, S.A. Macko, C.J.W. Feral, H.E. Epstein, P.R. Dowty, F. Eckardt, H.H. Shugart, and R.J. Swap Nitrogen cycling in the soil-plant system along a precipitation gradient in the Kalahari sands Global Change Biol. 10 2004 359 373
3. M. Bakkenes, J.R.M. Alkemade, F. Ihle, R. Leermans, and J.B. Latour Assessing the effects of forecasted climate change on the diversity and distribution of European higher plants for 2050 Global Change Biol. 8 2002 390 407
4. M.G. Barbour, J.H. Burk, and W.D. Pitts Terrestrial Plant Ecology second ed 1987 Benjamin Cummings Publishing Co. Melno Park
5. R. Barnes The African acacias - a thorny subject S. Afr. For. J. 190 2001 9 18
6. F.V. Bester Major problem - bush species and densities in Namibia Agricola 1998/99 1999 1 3
7. W.J. Bond Fire R.M. Cowling D.M. Richardson S.M. Pierce Vegetation of Southern Africa 1997 Cambridge University Press Cambridge 421 446
8. Briers, J.H., 1988. 'n Ondersoek na aspekte van die vestiging van inheemse boome en struike op versteud gebiede. M.Sc. thesis, University of Higher Education, Potchefstroom.
9. A. Burke Present vegetation in the Kavango Region J. Namibia Sci. Soc. 50 2002 133 145
10. J. Canadell, R.B. Jackson, J.R. Ehleringer, H.A. Mooney, O.E. Sala, and E.-D. Schulze Maximum rooting depth of vegetation types at the global scale Oecologia 108 1996 583 595
11. J.D. Carr Combretum imberbe Wawra. Combretaceae in southern Africa 1988 Tree Society Southern Africa Johannesburg pp. 81-85
12. Clarke, A.B., 1997. Sustainability of harvesting seven favoured plant species used in the indigenous wood carving industry in the Buschbuckridge district of Limpopo Province Lowveld. Honours Dissertation, University Witwatersrand, Johannesburg.
13. B. Curtis, and C. Mannheimer Tree Atlas of Namibia 2005 National Botanical Research Institute Windhoek, Namibia
14. J.N. De Klerk Bush Encroachment in Namibia 2004 Ministry of Environment and Tourism, Government of the Republic of Namibia Windhoek
15. R.J. De Sousa Correira, and G.J. Bredenkamp A reconnaissance survey of the vegetation of the Kavango, southwest Africa J. SW Afr. Sci. Soc. 41 1986 29 45
16. J.-L. Devineau, and A. Fournier To what extent can simple plant biological traits account for the response of the herbaceous layer to environmental changes in fallow-savanna vegetation (West Burkina Faso, West Africa)? Flora 200 2005 361 375
17. H.T. Dublin, A.R.E. Sinclair, and J. McGlade Elephants and fire as causes of multiple stable states in the Serengeti-Mara woodlands J. Anim. Ecol. 59 1990 1147 1164
18. C.J. Geldenhuys The effect of different regimes of annual burning on two woodland communities in Kavango S. Afr. For. J. 103 1977 32 42
19. G. Germishuizen N.L. Meyer Plants of Southern Africa: An Annotated Checklist. Strelitzia 14 2003 National Botanical Institute Pretoria
20. W. Giess A preliminary vegetation map of southwest Africa Dinteria 4 1971 1 114
21. Herrmann, H., Milton, S.J., Seymour, C., Alias, D., 2003. A collation and overview of research information on Combretum imberbe (Combretaceae) and identification of relevant research gaps to inform protection of the species. Report for Department of Water Affairs and Forestry, Pretoria, South Africa.
22. P. Högberg, and G.D. Piearce Mycorrhizas in Zambian trees in relation to host taxonomy, vegetation type and successional patterns J. Ecol. 74 1986 775 785
23. R.D. Holt, and T.H. Keitt Species' borders: a unifying theme in ecology Oikos 108 2005 3 6
24. J.D. Huckabay The geography of Zambesi teak G.D. Piearce The Zambesi Teak Forests, Proceedings of First International Conference on the Teak Forests of Southern Africa 1986 Livingstone Zambia
25. A. Le Roux, G.N. Smit, and J.S. Swart Root biomass of a dense stand of Colophospermum mopane Bull. Grassland Soc. S. Afr. 5 1994 50 (abstract)
26. McGregor, J., 1991. Woodland resources; ecology, policy and ideology. An historical case study of woodland use in the Shurugi Communal Area, Zimbabwe. Ph.D. Thesis, Loughborough University of Technology.
27. J. Mendelsohn, A. Jarvis, C. Roberts, and T. Robertson Atlas of Namibia 2002 David Philip Publication Cape Town
28. G.F. Midgley, J.N. Aranibar, K.B. Mantlana, and S. Macko Photosynthetic and gas exchange characteristics of dominant woody plants on a moisture gradient in an African savanna Global Change Biol. 10 2004 309 317
29. R. Mitlöhner Regengrüne Baikiaea-Trockenwälder on Ost-Caprivi, Namibia Forstarchiv 64 1993 264 274
30. S.J. Mitlon, and W.R.J. Dean How useful is the keystone species concept, and can it be applied to Acacia erioloba in the Kalahari Desert? Z. Ökologie Nat. 4 1995 147 156
31. J.H. Ross A conspectus of the African Acacia species Mem. Bot. Surv. S. Afr. 44 1979 1 155 Pretoria
32. O. Roupsard, A. Ferhi, A. Granier, F. Pallo, D. Depommier, B. Mallet, H.I. Joly, and F. Dreyer Reverse phenology and dry-season water uptake by Faidherbia albida (Del.) A. Chev. in an agroforestry parkland of Sudanese West Africa Funct. Ecol. 13 1999 460 472
33. Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, 1999. Survey of economic plants for arid and semi-arid lands (SEPASAL) database. http://www.rbgkew.org.uk/sepasal/internet/.
34. M. Rutherford Growth rates, biomass and distribution of selected woody plant roots in Burkea africana - Ochna pulchra savanna Vegetatio 52 1983 45 63
35. R.J. Scholes, and B.H. Walker An African Savanna: Synthesis of the Nylsvley Study 1993 Cambridge University Press Cambridge
36. R.J. Scholes, P.R. Dowty, K. Caylor, D.A.B. Parsons, P.G.H. Frost, and H.H. Shugart Trends in savanna structure and composition along an aridity gradient in the Kalahari J. Vegetat. Sci. 13 2002 419 428
37. E.D. Schulze, G. Gebauer, H. Ziegler, and O.L. Lange Estimates of nitrogen fixation by trees on an aridity gradient in Namibia Oecologia 88 1991 451 455
38. L. Scott, B. Cooremans, J.S. De Wet, and J.C. Vogel Holocene environmental changes in Namibia inferred from pollen analysis of swamp and lake deposits The Holocene 1 1991 8 13
39. P. Segurado, and M.B. Araujo An evaluation of methods for modelling species distributions J. Biogeogr. 31 2004 1555 1568
40. Seymour, C., Milton, S., 2003. A collation and overview of research information on Acacia erioloba (camelthorn) and identification of relevant research gaps to inform protection of the species. Report to the Department of Water Affairs and Forestry, Pretoria, South Africa.
41. Simmonds, E.B., 2000. Soils of Kavango Region. Report for Ministry of Environment and Tourism, Windhoek.
42. J.J. Smallie, and T.G. O'Connor Elephant utilization of Colophospermum mopane: possible effects of hedging Afr. J. Ecol. 38 2000 1 9
43. Smit, G.N., 1994. The influence of intensity of tree thinning on Mopani veld. Ph.D. Thesis, University Pretoria, Pretoria.
44. G.N. Smit, and N.F.G. Rethman The influence of tree thinning on the soil water of in a semi-arid savanna of southern Africa J. Arid Environ. 44 2000 41 59
45. W.L. Steffen, F.S. Chapin III, and O.A. Sala Global change and ecological complexity: an international research agenda Trend. Ecol. Evol. 11 1996 186
46. R. Story A Botanical Survey of the Keiskammahoek District. Botanical Survey Memoir of South Africa, no. 27 1952 Government Printer Pretoria
47. W. Thuiller BIOMOD - optimizing predictions of species distributions and projecting potential future shifts under global change Global Change Biol. 9 2003 1353 1362
48. W. Thuiller, S. Lavorel, and M.B. Aruajo Niche properties and geographical extent as predictors of species sensitivity to climate change Global Ecol. Biogeogr. 14 2005 347 357
49. J.R. Timberlake Colophospermum mopane: An Annotated Bibliography and Review. Zimbabwe Bulletin 1995 Forestry Res. 11, Forestry Commission Harare, Zimbabwe
50. J. Timberlake A review of the ecology and management of Colophospermum mopane C. Flower G. Wardell-Johnson A. Jamieson Proceedings of the Workshop Held at Ogongo Agricultural College, 26-29 November 1996 1996 1 7
51. J.R. Timberlake, and G.M. Calvert Preliminary root atlas of Zimbabwe and Zambia Zimbabwe Bull. For. Res. 10 1993 1 96
52. S. Trigg Fire Scar Mapping in Northern Namibia. A Report on the Forest Fire Control Component of the Namibia-Finland Forestry Programme 1998 Directorate of Forestry Windhoek
53. P.D. Tyson, and S.J. Crimp The climate of the Kalahari transect Trans. Roy. Soc. S. Afr. 53 1998 93 112
54. P. Van Wyk Veldgids tot die Bome van die Nasionale Kruger Wildtuin 1984 Struik Publishers Cape Town
55. W.J. Vermeulen A Monograph on Pterocarpus angolensis 1990 SARCCUS Standing Committee for Forestry Pretoria, South Africa
56. Walters, M., Midgley, J.J., Somers, M.J., 2004. Effects of fire and fire intensity on the germination and establishment of Acacia karroo, Acacia nilotica, Acacia luederitzii and Dichrostachys cinerea in the field. BMC Ecology 2004, 4:3; doi:10.1186/1472-6785-4-3.
57. S.J.E. Wand, K.J. Esler, P.W. Rundel, and H.W. Sherwin A preliminary study of the responsiveness to seasonal atmospheric and rainfall patterns of wash woodland species in the arid Richtersveld Plant Ecol. 142 1999 149 160
58. T.B. Wilson, and E.T.F. Witkowksi Water requirements for germination and early seedling establishment in four African savanna woody plant species J. Arid Environ. 38 1998 541 550
59. T.B. Wilson, and E.T.F. Witkowksi Seed banks, bark thickness and change in age and size structure (1978-1999) of the African savanna tree, Burkea africana Plant Ecol. 167 2003 151 162