Effects of fire and fire intensity on the germination and establishment of Acacia karroo, Acacia nilotica, Acacia luederitzii and Dichrostachys cinerea in the field

BMC Ecology

Volumn 4, Issue , 2004, Pages

  Walters, Michele ^a   Midgley, Jeremy J ^b   Somers, Michael J ^c  

^a STELLENBOSCH UNIVERSITY   (South Africa)

^b UNIVERSITY OF CAPE TOWN   (South Africa)

^c UNIVERSITY OF TRANSKEI   (South Africa)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ACACIA; ACACIA KARROO; ACACIA LUEDERITZII; ACACIA NILOTICA; DICHROSTACHYS; DICHROSTACHYS CINEREA;

ACACIA; FABACEAE; FIRE; GERMINATION; GROWTH, DEVELOPMENT AND AGING; HEAT; PHYSIOLOGY; SEEDLING; SOUTH AFRICA; STATISTICAL MODEL;

ACACIA; FABACEAE; FIRES; GERMINATION; HOT TEMPERATURE; MODELS, STATISTICAL; SEEDLING; SOUTH AFRICA;

EID: 2942626048     PISSN: 14726785     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1186/1472-6785-4-3     Document Type: Article

References (43)

1. West O: Thorn bush encroachment in relation to the management of veld grazing. Rhod Agric J 1947, 44:488-497.
2. Scott JD: Bush encroachment in South Africa. S Afr J Sci 1967, 63:311-314.
3. Archer S: Have southern Texas savannas been converted to woodlands in recent history? Am Nat 1989, 134:545-561.
4. Grossman D, Gandar MV: Land transformation in South African savanna regions. S Afr Geogr J 1989, 71:38-45.
5. Roques KG, O'Connor TG, Watkinson AR: Dynamics of shrub encroachment in an African savanna: relative influences of fire, herbivory, rainfall and density dependence. J Appl Ecol 2001, 38:268-280.
6. O'Connor TG: Acacia karroo invasion of grassland: environmental and biotic effects influencing seedling emergence and establishment. Oecologia 1995, 103:214-223.
7. Chirara C, Frost PGH, Gwarazimba VEE: Grass defoliation affecting survival and growth of seedlings of Acacia karroo, an encroaching species in southwestern Zimbabwe. Afr J Range For Sci 1998, 15:41-47.
8. Mackey AP: The biology of Australian weeds 29. Acacia nilotica ssp. indica (Benth.) Brenan. Plant Protection Quart 1997, 12:7-17.
9. Kriticos D, Brown J, Radford I, Nicholas M: Plant population control and biological control: Acacia nilotica as a case study. Biol Control 1999, 16:230-239.
10. Sabiiti EN, Wein RW: Fire and Acacia seeds: a hypothesis of colonization success. J Ecol 1987, 74:937-946.
11. Pieterse PJ, Cairns ALP: The effect of fire on an Acacia longifolia seed bank in the south-western Cape. S Afr J Bot 1986, 52:233-236.
12. Auld TD, O'Connell MA: Changes in predispersal seed predation levels after fire for two Australian legumes, Acacia elongata and Sphaerolobium vimineum. Oikos 1989, 54:55-59.
13. Auld TD, Tozer M: Patterns in emergence of Acacia and Grevillea seedlings after fire. Proc Linn Soc N S W 1995, 115:5-15.
14. Bradstock RA, Auld TD: Soil temperatures during experimental bushfires in relation to fire intensity: consequences for legume germination and fire management in south-eastern Australia. J Appl Ecol 1995, 32:76-84.
15. Mucunguzi P, Oryem-Origa H: Effects of heat and fire on the germination of Acacia sieberiana D.C. and Acacia gerrardii Benth. in Uganda. J Trop Ecol 1996, 12:1-10.
16. Teketay D: Germination ecology of twelve indigenous and eight exotic multipurpose leguminous species from Ethiopia. For Ecol Manag 1996, 80:209-223.
17. Mbalo BA, Witkowski ETF: Tolerance to soil temperatures experienced during and after the passage of fire in seeds of Acacia karroo, A. nilotica and Chromolaena odorata: a laboratory study. S Afr J Bot 1997, 63:421-425.
18. Auld TD, O'Connell MA: Predicting patterns of post-fire germination in 35 eastern Australian Fabaceae. Austr J Ecol 1991, 16:53-70.
19. Saharjo BH, Watanabe H: The effects of fire on the germination of Acacia mangium in a plantation in South Sumatra, Indonesia. Commonwealth Forestry Rev 1997, 76:128-131.
20. Kanz WA: Seed and seedling dynamics of certain Acacia species as affected by herbivory, grass competition, fire, and grazing system. MSc thesis. University of Natal; Grassland Science Department 2001.
21. Schultz AM, Lauenbach JL, Biswell HH: Relationship between grass density and brush seedling survival. Ecology 1955, 36:226-238.
22. Brown JR, Archer S: Shrub invasion of grassland: recruitment is continuous and not regulated by herbaceous biomass or density. Ecology 1999, 80:2385-2396.
23. Smith TM, Shackleton SE: The effects of shading on the establishment and growth of Acacia tortilis seedlings. S Afr J Bot 1988, 54:375-379.
24. Belsky AJ: Influences of trees on savanna productivity: tests of shade, nutrients, and tree-grass competition. Ecology 1994, 75:922-932.
25. Thomas DB, Pratt DJ: Bush control in the drier areas of Kenya. IV. Effects of controlled burning on secondary thicket in upland Acacia woodland. J Ecol 1967, 55:325-335.
26. Watson HK, Macdonald IAW: Vegetation changes in the Hluhluwe-Umfolozi Game Reserve Complex from 1937 to 1975. Bothalia 1983, 14:265-269.
27. Bond WJ, Smythe KA, Balfour D: Acacia species turnover in space and time in an African savanna. J Biogeog 2001, 28:117-128.
28. Skowno AL, Midgley JJ, Bond WJ, Balfour D: Secondary succession in Acacia nilotica (L.) savanna in the Hluhluwe Game Reserve, South Africa. Plant Ecol 1999, 145:1-9.
29. Story R: A botanical survey of the Keiskammahoek district. Mem Bot Surv S Afr 1952, 27:1.
30. Radford IJ, Kriticos D, Nicholas M, Brown JR: Towards an integrated approach to the management of Acacia nilotica in northern Australia. In Proceedings of the VIth International Rangeland Congress, Townsville Volume 2. Edited by: Eldridge D, Freudenberger D. VI International Rangeland Congress, Inc., Aitkenvale; 2000:585-586. 19-23 July 1999
31. Okello BD, Young TP: Effects of fire, bruchid beetles and soil type on germination and seedling establishment of Acacia drepanolobium. Afr J Range and For Sci 2000, 17:46-51.
32. Smith TM, Goodman PS: The effect of competition on the structure and dynamics of Acacia savannah in southern Africa. Afr J Ecol 1986, 74:1031-1041.
33. Scott JD: A contribution to the study of the Drakensberg conservation area. D.Sc. thesis. University of the Witwatersrand 1949.
34. Whateley A, Porter RN: The woody vegetation communities of the Hluhluwe-Corridor-Umfolozi Game Reserve Complex. Bothalia 1983, 14:745-758.
35. Preston-Whyte RA, Tyson PD: The atmosphere and weather of Southern Africa Cape Town: Oxford University Press; 1988.
36. Grobler JH: Natal Parks, Game and Fish Preservation Board. Pretoria: Foundation for Research Development 1984.
37. King L: The geology of the Hluhluwe Game Reserve. Petros 1970, 2:16-19.
38. Grant R, Thomas V: Sappi tree spotting, KwaZulu-Natal, Coast and Midlands. Johannesburg: Jacana 1998.
39. Low AB, Rebelo TG: Vegetation of South Africa, Lesotho and Swaziland. Pretoria: Department of Environmental Affairs and Tourism 1996.
40. Trollope WSW: Fire behaviour. In Ecological effects of fire in South African systems Edited by: Booysen PdV, Tainton NM. New York: Springer-Verlag; 1984:199-217.
41. Walters M, Milton SJ: The production, storage and viability of seeds of Acacia karroo and A. nilotica in a grassy savanna in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Afr J Ecol 2003, 41:211-217.
42. StatSoft Inc: STATISTICA for windows. Tulsa: StatSoft, Inc 2000.
43. Bustamante J: Predictive models for lesser kestrel Falco naumanni distribution, abundance and extinction in southern Spain. Biol Cons 1997, 80:153-160.