메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 4, Issue 1, 2006, Pages 53-65

Hand hygiene: An evidence-based review for surgeons

Author keywords

Alcohol; Hand hygiene; Handrub; Handwashing; Infection

Indexed keywords

2 PROPANOL; ALCOHOL; ANTIINFECTIVE AGENT; CHLORHEXIDINE; HYPOCHLORITE; IODIDE; IODINE; IODOPHOR; PHENOL; PROPANOL; SOAP; TRICLOSAN;

EID: 33645106307     PISSN: 17439191     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2005.06.002     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (29)

References (99)
  • 1
    • 0000680042 scopus 로고
    • The contagiousness of puerperal fever
    • O.W. Holmes The contagiousness of puerperal fever N Engl Q J Med Surg 1 April 1843 503 530
    • (1843) N Engl Q J Med Surg , vol.1 , pp. 503-530
    • Holmes, O.W.1
  • 2
    • 0000680042 scopus 로고
    • Reprinted in Med Class 1 1936 211 243
    • (1936) Med Class , vol.1 , pp. 211-243
  • 4
    • 0005950019 scopus 로고
    • Concept and Prophylaxis of Childbed Fever
    • Translated into English The Etiology
    • Translated into English by F.R. Murphy as The Etiology, the Concept and Prophylaxis of Childbed Fever, in Med Class 1941;5:350-773.
    • (1941) Med Class , vol.5 , pp. 350-773
    • Murphy, F.R.1
  • 5
    • 0029152027 scopus 로고
    • APIC Guidelines for handwashing and hand antisepsis in health care settings
    • E.L. Larson APIC Guidelines for handwashing and hand antisepsis in health care settings Am J Infect Control 23 1995 251 269
    • (1995) Am J Infect Control , vol.23 , pp. 251-269
    • Larson, E.L.1
  • 6
    • 0016748334 scopus 로고
    • Handwashing practices for the prevention of nosocomial infections
    • A.C. Steere, and G.F. Mallison Handwashing practices for the prevention of nosocomial infections Ann Intern Med 83 1975 683 690
    • (1975) Ann Intern Med , vol.83 , pp. 683-690
    • Steere, A.C.1    Mallison, G.F.2
  • 7
    • 0019832074 scopus 로고
    • Hand-washing patterns in medical intensive-care units
    • R.K. Albert, and F. Condie Hand-washing patterns in medical intensive-care units N Engl J Med 304 1981 1465 1466
    • (1981) N Engl J Med , vol.304 , pp. 1465-1466
    • Albert, R.K.1    Condie, F.2
  • 8
    • 0028019442 scopus 로고
    • Handwashing - The Semmelweis lesson forgotten?
    • W.R. Jarvis Handwashing - the Semmelweis lesson forgotten? Lancet 344 1994 1311 1312
    • (1994) Lancet , vol.344 , pp. 1311-1312
    • Jarvis, W.R.1
  • 9
    • 0028266604 scopus 로고
    • A multicentre survey of hand hygiene practice in intensive care units
    • L.J. Sproat, and T.J. Inglis A multicentre survey of hand hygiene practice in intensive care units J Hosp Infect 26 1994 137 148
    • (1994) J Hosp Infect , vol.26 , pp. 137-148
    • Sproat, L.J.1    Inglis, T.J.2
  • 11
    • 0035041397 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Improving adherence to hand hygiene practice: A multidisciplinary approach
    • D. Pittet Improving adherence to hand hygiene practice: a multidisciplinary approach Emerg Infect Dis 7 2 2001 234 240
    • (2001) Emerg Infect Dis , vol.7 , Issue.2 , pp. 234-240
    • Pittet, D.1
  • 13
    • 0029998647 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The second national prevalence survey of infection in hospitals - An overview of results
    • A.M. Emmerson, J.E. Enstone, M. Griffin, M.C. Kelsey, and E.T. Smyth The second national prevalence survey of infection in hospitals - an overview of results J Hosp Infect 32 1996 175 190
    • (1996) J Hosp Infect , vol.32 , pp. 175-190
    • Emmerson, A.M.1    Enstone, J.E.2    Griffin, M.3    Kelsey, M.C.4    Smyth, E.T.5
  • 16
    • 48649098979 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Infection control. Prevention of healthcare associated infection in primary and community care
    • June
    • Infection control. Prevention of healthcare associated infection in primary and community care. NICE clinical guideline 2; June 2003.
    • (2003) NICE Clinical Guideline , vol.2
  • 17
    • 0037174772 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Guideline for hand hygiene in health-care settings: Recommendations of the Healthcare Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee and the HICPAC/SHEA/APIC/IDSA Hand Hygiene Task Force
    • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Guideline for hand hygiene in health-care settings: recommendations of the Healthcare Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee and the HICPAC/SHEA/APIC/IDSA Hand Hygiene Task Force MMWR 51 RR-16 2002 1 48
    • (2002) MMWR , vol.51 , Issue.RR-16 , pp. 1-48
    • For Disease Control, C.1    Prevention2
  • 18
    • 0019209258 scopus 로고
    • Microbiology and ecology of human skin
    • S. Selwyn Microbiology and ecology of human skin Practitioner 224 1980 1059 1062
    • (1980) Practitioner , vol.224 , pp. 1059-1062
    • Selwyn, S.1
  • 19
    • 1942451856 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy of alcohol-based gels compared with simple hand wash and hygienic hand disinfection
    • G. Kampf, and C. Ostermeyer Efficacy of alcohol-based gels compared with simple hand wash and hygienic hand disinfection J Hosp Infect 56 2004 S13 S15
    • (2004) J Hosp Infect , vol.56
    • Kampf, G.1    Ostermeyer, C.2
  • 20
    • 0026250382 scopus 로고
    • Failure of bland soap handwash to prevent hand transfer of patient bacteria to urethral catheters
    • N.J. Ehrenkranz, and B.C. Alfonso Failure of bland soap handwash to prevent hand transfer of patient bacteria to urethral catheters Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 12 1991 654 662
    • (1991) Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol , vol.12 , pp. 654-662
    • Ehrenkranz, N.J.1    Alfonso, B.C.2
  • 21
  • 22
    • 0033866035 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Skin irritation and dryness associated with two hand-hygiene regimens: Soap-and-water handwashing versus hand antisepsis with an alcoholic hand gel
    • J.M. Boyce, S. Kelliher, and N. Vallande Skin irritation and dryness associated with two hand-hygiene regimens: soap-and-water handwashing versus hand antisepsis with an alcoholic hand gel Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 21 2000 442 448
    • (2000) Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol , vol.21 , pp. 442-448
    • Boyce, J.M.1    Kelliher, S.2    Vallande, N.3
  • 24
    • 0037125622 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy of handrubbing with alcohol based solution versus standard handwashing with antiseptic soap: Randomised clinical trial
    • E. Girou, S. Loyeau, P. Legrand, F. Oppein, and C. Brun-Buisson Efficacy of handrubbing with alcohol based solution versus standard handwashing with antiseptic soap: randomised clinical trial BMJ 325 2002 362
    • (2002) BMJ , vol.325 , pp. 362
    • Girou, E.1    Loyeau, S.2    Legrand, P.3    Oppein, F.4    Brun-Buisson, C.5
  • 25
    • 0345535722 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy of hand disinfectants against vancomycin-resistant enterococci in vitro
    • G. Kampf, M. Höfer, and C. Wendt Efficacy of hand disinfectants against vancomycin-resistant enterococci in vitro J Hosp Infect 42 1999 143 150
    • (1999) J Hosp Infect , vol.42 , pp. 143-150
    • Kampf, G.1    Höfer, M.2    Wendt, C.3
  • 26
    • 0021987313 scopus 로고
    • The disinfection of respiratory syncytial virus by isopropanol and a chlorhexidine-detergent handwash
    • J. Platt, and R.A. Bucknall The disinfection of respiratory syncytial virus by isopropanol and a chlorhexidine-detergent handwash J Hosp Infect 6 1985 89 94
    • (1985) J Hosp Infect , vol.6 , pp. 89-94
    • Platt, J.1    Bucknall, R.A.2
  • 27
    • 0027191221 scopus 로고
    • Inactivation of respiratory syncytial virus by detergents and disinfectants
    • L.R. Krilov, and S.H. Harkness Inactivation of respiratory syncytial virus by detergents and disinfectants Pediatr Infect Dis J 12 1993 582 584
    • (1993) Pediatr Infect Dis J , vol.12 , pp. 582-584
    • Krilov, L.R.1    Harkness, S.H.2
  • 28
    • 0034985555 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Preventing the spread of hepatitis B and C viruses: Where are germicides relevant?
    • S.A. Sattar, J. Tetro, V.S. Springthorpe, and A. Giulivi Preventing the spread of hepatitis B and C viruses: where are germicides relevant? Am J Infect Control 29 2001 187 197
    • (2001) Am J Infect Control , vol.29 , pp. 187-197
    • Sattar, S.A.1    Tetro, J.2    Springthorpe, V.S.3    Giulivi, A.4
  • 29
    • 0018748226 scopus 로고
    • Delayed antimicrobial effects of skin disinfection by alcohol
    • H.A. Lilly, E.J.L. Lowbury, M.D. Wilkins, and A. Zaggy Delayed antimicrobial effects of skin disinfection by alcohol J Hyg (Lond) 82 1979 497 500
    • (1979) J Hyg (Lond) , vol.82 , pp. 497-500
    • Lilly, H.A.1    Lowbury, E.J.L.2    Wilkins, M.D.3    Zaggy, A.4
  • 30
    • 0026041032 scopus 로고
    • Comparison of cloth, paper, and warm air drying in eliminating viruses and bacteria from washed hands
    • S.A. Ansari, V.S. Springthorpe, S.A. Sattar, W. Tostowaryk, and G.A. Wells Comparison of cloth, paper, and warm air drying in eliminating viruses and bacteria from washed hands Am J Infect Control 19 1991 243 249
    • (1991) Am J Infect Control , vol.19 , pp. 243-249
    • Ansari, S.A.1    Springthorpe, V.S.2    Sattar, S.A.3    Tostowaryk, W.4    Wells, G.A.5
  • 31
    • 0024398344 scopus 로고
    • In vivo protocol for testing efficacy of hand-washing agents against viruses and bacteria: Experiments with rotavirus and Escherichia coli
    • S.A. Ansari, S.A. Sattar, V.S. Springthorpe, G.A. Wells, and W. Tostowaryk In vivo protocol for testing efficacy of hand-washing agents against viruses and bacteria: experiments with rotavirus and Escherichia coli Appl Environ Microbiol 55 1989 3113 3118
    • (1989) Appl Environ Microbiol , vol.55 , pp. 3113-3118
    • Ansari, S.A.1    Sattar, S.A.2    Springthorpe, V.S.3    Wells, G.A.4    Tostowaryk, W.5
  • 32
    • 0026561670 scopus 로고
    • Effective hand degerming in the presence of blood
    • E. Larson, and L. Bobo Effective hand degerming in the presence of blood J Emerg Med 10 1992 7 11
    • (1992) J Emerg Med , vol.10 , pp. 7-11
    • Larson, E.1    Bobo, L.2
  • 33
    • 0023947474 scopus 로고
    • Hand disinfection: A comparison of various agents in laboratory and ward studies
    • G.A.J. Ayliffe, J.R. Babb, J.G. Davies, and H.A. Lilly Hand disinfection: a comparison of various agents in laboratory and ward studies J Hosp Infect 11 1988 226 243
    • (1988) J Hosp Infect , vol.11 , pp. 226-243
    • Ayliffe, G.A.J.1    Babb, J.R.2    Davies, J.G.3    Lilly, H.A.4
  • 34
    • 0018741385 scopus 로고
    • Detergents compared with each other and with antiseptics as skin 'degerming' agents
    • H.A. Lilly, E.J.L. Lowbury, and M.D. Wilkins Detergents compared with each other and with antiseptics as skin 'degerming' agents J Hyg (Lond) 82 1979 89 93
    • (1979) J Hyg (Lond) , vol.82 , pp. 89-93
    • Lilly, H.A.1    Lowbury, E.J.L.2    Wilkins, M.D.3
  • 35
    • 0021064025 scopus 로고
    • A comparison of triclosan and chlorhexidine preparations with 60 per cent isopropyl alcohol for hygienic hand disinfection
    • C.A. Bartzokas, M.F. Gibson, R. Graham, and D.C. Pinder A comparison of triclosan and chlorhexidine preparations with 60 per cent isopropyl alcohol for hygienic hand disinfection J Hosp Infect 4 1983 245 255
    • (1983) J Hosp Infect , vol.4 , pp. 245-255
    • Bartzokas, C.A.1    Gibson, M.F.2    Graham, R.3    Pinder, D.C.4
  • 36
    • 0022647743 scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of procedures for hygienic hand-disinfection: Controlled parallel experiments on the Vienna test model
    • M.L. Rotter, W. Koller, G. Wewalka, H.P. Werner, G.A.J. Ayliffe, and J.R. Babb Evaluation of procedures for hygienic hand-disinfection: controlled parallel experiments on the Vienna test model J Hyg (Lond) 96 1986 27 37
    • (1986) J Hyg (Lond) , vol.96 , pp. 27-37
    • Rotter, M.L.1    Koller, W.2    Wewalka, G.3    Werner, H.P.4    Ayliffe, G.A.J.5    Babb, J.R.6
  • 37
    • 0027980451 scopus 로고
    • An evaluation of the residual activity of antiseptic handrub lotions: An 'in use' setting study
    • S. Namura, S. Nishijima, and Y. Asada An evaluation of the residual activity of antiseptic handrub lotions: an 'in use' setting study J Dermatol 21 1994 481 485
    • (1994) J Dermatol , vol.21 , pp. 481-485
    • Namura, S.1    Nishijima, S.2    Asada, Y.3
  • 38
    • 0016721256 scopus 로고
    • Comparison of two methods for assessing the removal of total organisms and pathogens from the skin
    • G.A. Ayliffe, K. Bridges, H.A. Lilly, E.J. Lowbury, J. Varney, and M.D. Wilkins Comparison of two methods for assessing the removal of total organisms and pathogens from the skin J Hyg (Lond) 75 1975 259 274
    • (1975) J Hyg (Lond) , vol.75 , pp. 259-274
    • Ayliffe, G.A.1    Bridges, K.2    Lilly, H.A.3    Lowbury, E.J.4    Varney, J.5    Wilkins, M.D.6
  • 39
    • 0019239608 scopus 로고
    • Povidone-iodine and chlorhexidine gluconate-containing detergents for disinfection of hands
    • M. Rotter, W. Koller, and G. Wewalka Povidone-iodine and chlorhexidine gluconate-containing detergents for disinfection of hands J Hosp Infect 1 1980 149 158
    • (1980) J Hosp Infect , vol.1 , pp. 149-158
    • Rotter, M.1    Koller, W.2    Wewalka, G.3
  • 40
    • 0021351301 scopus 로고
    • Hygienic hand disinfection
    • M.L. Rotter Hygienic hand disinfection Infect Control 1 1984 18 22
    • (1984) Infect Control , vol.1 , pp. 18-22
    • Rotter, M.L.1
  • 41
    • 0026563611 scopus 로고
    • Test models for hygienic handrub and hygienic handwash: The effects of two different contamination and sampling techniques
    • M.L. Rotter, and W. Koller Test models for hygienic handrub and hygienic handwash: the effects of two different contamination and sampling techniques J Hosp Infect 20 1992 163 171
    • (1992) J Hosp Infect , vol.20 , pp. 163-171
    • Rotter, M.L.1    Koller, W.2
  • 42
    • 0025776439 scopus 로고
    • Computerized image analysis of full-hand touch plates: A method for quantification of surface bacteria on hands and the effect of antimicrobial agents
    • J.J. Leyden, K.J. McGinley, M.S. Kaminer, J. Bakel, S. Nishijima, and M.J. Grove Computerized image analysis of full-hand touch plates: a method for quantification of surface bacteria on hands and the effect of antimicrobial agents J Hosp Infect 18 Suppl. B 1991 13 22
    • (1991) J Hosp Infect , vol.18 , Issue.SUPPL. B , pp. 13-22
    • Leyden, J.J.1    McGinley, K.J.2    Kaminer, M.S.3    Bakel, J.4    Nishijima, S.5    Grove, M.J.6
  • 43
    • 0032865076 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effectiveness of hand-cleansing agents for removing Acinetobacter baumannii strain from contaminated hands
    • C.L. Cardoso, H.H. Pereira, J.C. Zequim, and M. Guilhermetti Effectiveness of hand-cleansing agents for removing Acinetobacter baumannii strain from contaminated hands Am J Infect Control 27 1999 327 331
    • (1999) Am J Infect Control , vol.27 , pp. 327-331
    • Cardoso, C.L.1    Pereira, H.H.2    Zequim, J.C.3    Guilhermetti, M.4
  • 44
    • 0033800647 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Skin tolerance and effectiveness of two hand decontamination procedures in everyday hospital use
    • M. Winnefeld, M.A. Richard, M. Drancourt, and J.J. Grobb Skin tolerance and effectiveness of two hand decontamination procedures in everyday hospital use Br J Dermatol 143 2000 546 550
    • (2000) Br J Dermatol , vol.143 , pp. 546-550
    • Winnefeld, M.1    Richard, M.A.2    Drancourt, M.3    Grobb, J.J.4
  • 45
    • 0023806527 scopus 로고
    • A laboratory model for testing agents for hygienic hand disinfection: Handwashing and chlorhexidine for the removal of Klebsiella
    • M.W. Casewell, M.M. Law, and N. Desai A laboratory model for testing agents for hygienic hand disinfection: handwashing and chlorhexidine for the removal of Klebsiella J Hosp Infect 12 1988 163 175
    • (1988) J Hosp Infect , vol.12 , pp. 163-175
    • Casewell, M.W.1    Law, M.M.2    Desai, N.3
  • 46
    • 0028030698 scopus 로고
    • Comparative effectiveness of hand-cleansing agents for removing methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus from experimentally contaminated fingertips
    • Y. Huang, S. Oie, and A. Kamiya Comparative effectiveness of hand-cleansing agents for removing methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus from experimentally contaminated fingertips Am J Infect Control 22 1994 224 227
    • (1994) Am J Infect Control , vol.22 , pp. 224-227
    • Huang, Y.1    Oie, S.2    Kamiya, A.3
  • 49
    • 0022535164 scopus 로고
    • Chlorhexidine: Antibacterial action and bacterial resistance
    • A.D. Russell Chlorhexidine: antibacterial action and bacterial resistance Infection 14 5 September-October 1986 212 215
    • (1986) Infection , vol.14 , Issue.5 , pp. 212-215
    • Russell, A.D.1
  • 50
    • 0029101445 scopus 로고
    • Bactericidal activity of skin disinfectants on methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
    • T. Sakuragi, K. Yanagisawa, and K. Dan Bactericidal activity of skin disinfectants on methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus Anesth Analg 81 1995 555 558
    • (1995) Anesth Analg , vol.81 , pp. 555-558
    • Sakuragi, T.1    Yanagisawa, K.2    Dan, K.3
  • 51
    • 0031979254 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Limited effectiveness of chlorhexidine based hand disinfectants against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)
    • G. Kampf, R. Jarosch, and H. Rüden Limited effectiveness of chlorhexidine based hand disinfectants against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) J Hosp Infect 38 1998 297 303
    • (1998) J Hosp Infect , vol.38 , pp. 297-303
    • Kampf, G.1    Jarosch, R.2    Rüden, H.3
  • 52
    • 0023073459 scopus 로고
    • The effect of handcream on the antibacterial activity of chlorhexidine gluconate
    • B. Walsh, P.H. Blakemore, and Y.J. Drabu The effect of handcream on the antibacterial activity of chlorhexidine gluconate J Hosp Infect 9 1987 30 33
    • (1987) J Hosp Infect , vol.9 , pp. 30-33
    • Walsh, B.1    Blakemore, P.H.2    Drabu, Y.J.3
  • 53
    • 0030960426 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An evaluation of five protocols for surgical handwashing in relation to skin condition and microbial counts
    • L.J. Pereira, G.M. Lee, and K.J. Wade An evaluation of five protocols for surgical handwashing in relation to skin condition and microbial counts J Hosp Infect 36 1997 49 65
    • (1997) J Hosp Infect , vol.36 , pp. 49-65
    • Pereira, L.J.1    Lee, G.M.2    Wade, K.J.3
  • 55
    • 0017206803 scopus 로고
    • Safety and efficacy of the antiseptic chlorhexidine gluconate
    • A. Rosenberg, S.D. Alatary, and A.F. Peterson Safety and efficacy of the antiseptic chlorhexidine gluconate Surg Gynecol Obstet 143 1976 789 792
    • (1976) Surg Gynecol Obstet , vol.143 , pp. 789-792
    • Rosenberg, A.1    Alatary, S.D.2    Peterson, A.F.3
  • 56
    • 0024747229 scopus 로고
    • Iodophor antiseptics: Intrinsic microbial contamination with resistant bacteria
    • R.L. Anderson Iodophor antiseptics: intrinsic microbial contamination with resistant bacteria Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 10 1989 443 446
    • (1989) Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol , vol.10 , pp. 443-446
    • Anderson, R.L.1
  • 57
    • 0029152027 scopus 로고
    • APIC guideline for handwashing and hand antisepsis in health care settings
    • E.L. Larson, and APIC Guidelines Committee APIC guideline for handwashing and hand antisepsis in health care settings Am J Infect Control 23 1995 251 269
    • (1995) Am J Infect Control , vol.23 , pp. 251-269
    • Larson, E.L.1    Guidelines Committee, A.2
  • 58
    • 0036092968 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antimicrobial effectiveness of povidone-iodine and consequences for new application areas
    • K. Reimer, T.A. Wichelhaus, V. Schäfer, P. Rudolph, A. Kramer, and P. Wutzler Antimicrobial effectiveness of povidone-iodine and consequences for new application areas Dermatology 204 Suppl. 1 2002 114 120
    • (2002) Dermatology , vol.204 , Issue.1 SUPPL. , pp. 114-120
    • Reimer, K.1    Wichelhaus, T.A.2    Schäfer, V.3    Rudolph, P.4    Kramer, A.5    Wutzler, P.6
  • 59
    • 0034007314 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Triclosan: A review of effectiveness and safety in health care settings
    • R.D. Jones, H.B. Jampani, J.L. Newman, and A.S. Lee Triclosan: a review of effectiveness and safety in health care settings Am J Infect Control 28 2000 184 196
    • (2000) Am J Infect Control , vol.28 , pp. 184-196
    • Jones, R.D.1    Jampani, H.B.2    Newman, J.L.3    Lee, A.S.4
  • 60
    • 0033592365 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Kinetic and structural characteristics of the inhibition of enoyl (acyl carrier protein) reductase by triclosan
    • W.H. Ward, G.A. Holdgate, S. Rowsell, E.G. McLean, R.A. Pauptit, and E. Clayton Kinetic and structural characteristics of the inhibition of enoyl (acyl carrier protein) reductase by triclosan Biochemistry 38 1999 12514 12525
    • (1999) Biochemistry , vol.38 , pp. 12514-12525
    • Ward, W.H.1    Holdgate, G.A.2    Rowsell, S.3    McLean, E.G.4    Pauptit, R.A.5    Clayton, E.6
  • 61
    • 0034681329 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inhibition of the Staphylococcus aureus NADPH-dependent enoyl-acyl carrier protein reductase by triclosan and hexachlorophene
    • R.J. Heath, J. Li, and G.E. Roland Inhibition of the Staphylococcus aureus NADPH-dependent enoyl-acyl carrier protein reductase by triclosan and hexachlorophene J Biol Chem 275 2000 4654 4659
    • (2000) J Biol Chem , vol.275 , pp. 4654-4659
    • Heath, R.J.1    Li, J.2    Roland, G.E.3
  • 62
    • 0032818462 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of the antibacterial efficacy of 4% chlorhexidine gluconate and 1% triclosan handwash products in an acute clinical ward
    • J.L. Faoagali, N. George, J. Fong, J. Davy, and M. Dowser Comparison of the antibacterial efficacy of 4% chlorhexidine gluconate and 1% triclosan handwash products in an acute clinical ward Am J Infect Control 27 1999 320 326
    • (1999) Am J Infect Control , vol.27 , pp. 320-326
    • Faoagali, J.L.1    George, N.2    Fong, J.3    Davy, J.4    Dowser, M.5
  • 63
    • 0028047194 scopus 로고
    • Elimination of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus from a neonatal intensive care unit after hand washing with triclosan
    • J. Webster, J.L. Faoagali, and D. Cartwright Elimination of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus from a neonatal intensive care unit after hand washing with triclosan J Paediatr Child Health 30 1994 59 64
    • (1994) J Paediatr Child Health , vol.30 , pp. 59-64
    • Webster, J.1    Faoagali, J.L.2    Cartwright, D.3
  • 65
    • 0024513570 scopus 로고
    • Influence of two handwashing frequencies on reduction in colonizing flora with three handwashing products used by health care personnel
    • E. Larson, K. Mayur, and B.A. Laughon Influence of two handwashing frequencies on reduction in colonizing flora with three handwashing products used by health care personnel Am J Infect Control 17 1988 83 88
    • (1988) Am J Infect Control , vol.17 , pp. 83-88
    • Larson, E.1    Mayur, K.2    Laughon, B.A.3
  • 66
    • 0031821456 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Semmelweis' sesquicentennial: A little-noted anniversary of handwashing
    • M.L. Rotter Semmelweis' sesquicentennial: a little-noted anniversary of handwashing Curr Opin Infect Dis 11 1998 457 460
    • (1998) Curr Opin Infect Dis , vol.11 , pp. 457-460
    • Rotter, M.L.1
  • 67
    • 0035032162 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New disinfection and sterilization methods
    • W.A. Rutala, and D.J. Weber New disinfection and sterilization methods Emerg Infect Dis 7 2 March-April 2001 348 353
    • (2001) Emerg Infect Dis , vol.7 , Issue.2 , pp. 348-353
    • Rutala, W.A.1    Weber, D.J.2
  • 68
    • 1542614984 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alcohol-based handrub: Evaluation of technique and microbiological efficacy with international infection control professionals
    • A.E. Widmer, and M. Dangel Alcohol-based handrub: evaluation of technique and microbiological efficacy with international infection control professionals Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 25 3 March 2004 207 209
    • (2004) Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol , vol.25 , Issue.3 , pp. 207-209
    • Widmer, A.E.1    Dangel, M.2
  • 69
    • 0025248866 scopus 로고
    • A common-source outbreak of Staphylococcus epidermidis infections among patients undergoing cardiac surgery
    • J.M. Boyce, G. Potter-Bynoe, S.M. Opal, L. Dziobek, and A.A. Medeiros A common-source outbreak of Staphylococcus epidermidis infections among patients undergoing cardiac surgery J Infect Dis 161 1990 493 499
    • (1990) J Infect Dis , vol.161 , pp. 493-499
    • Boyce, J.M.1    Potter-Bynoe, G.2    Opal, S.M.3    Dziobek, L.4    Medeiros, A.A.5
  • 70
    • 0015812345 scopus 로고
    • Effectiveness of septisol antiseptic foam as a surgical scrub agent
    • N.E. Dewar, and D.L. Gravens Effectiveness of septisol antiseptic foam as a surgical scrub agent Appl Microbiol 26 1973 544 549
    • (1973) Appl Microbiol , vol.26 , pp. 544-549
    • Dewar, N.E.1    Gravens, D.L.2
  • 71
    • 0029284185 scopus 로고
    • An outbreak of handscrubbing-related surgical site infections in vascular surgical procedures
    • R.S. Grinbaum, J.S. de Mendonça, and D.M. Cardo An outbreak of handscrubbing-related surgical site infections in vascular surgical procedures Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 16 1995 198 202
    • (1995) Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol , vol.16 , pp. 198-202
    • Grinbaum, R.S.1    De Mendonça, J.S.2    Cardo, D.M.3
  • 72
    • 0025882913 scopus 로고
    • A test procedure for evaluating surgical hand disinfection
    • J.R. Babb, J.G. Davies, and G.A.J. Ayliffe A test procedure for evaluating surgical hand disinfection J Hosp Infect 18 Suppl. B 1991 41 49
    • (1991) J Hosp Infect , vol.18 , Issue.SUPPL. B , pp. 41-49
    • Babb, J.R.1    Davies, J.G.2    Ayliffe, G.A.J.3
  • 73
    • 0023780051 scopus 로고
    • Comparative antibacterial efficacy of a 2-minute surgical scrub with chlorhexidine gluconate, povidone-iodine, and chloroxylenol sponge-brushes
    • R. Aly, and H.I. Maibach Comparative antibacterial efficacy of a 2-minute surgical scrub with chlorhexidine gluconate, povidone-iodine, and chloroxylenol sponge-brushes Am J Infect Control 16 1988 173 177
    • (1988) Am J Infect Control , vol.16 , pp. 173-177
    • Aly, R.1    Maibach, H.I.2
  • 74
    • 0029620979 scopus 로고
    • Comparison of the immediate, residual, and cumulative antibacterial effects of Novaderm R, Novascrub R, Betadine Surgical Scrub, Hibiclens, and liquid soap
    • J. Faoagali, J. Fong, N. George, P. Mahoney, and V. O'Rourke Comparison of the immediate, residual, and cumulative antibacterial effects of Novaderm R, Novascrub R, Betadine Surgical Scrub, Hibiclens, and liquid soap Am J Infect Control 23 1995 337 343
    • (1995) Am J Infect Control , vol.23 , pp. 337-343
    • Faoagali, J.1    Fong, J.2    George, N.3    Mahoney, P.4    O'Rourke, V.5
  • 75
    • 0033767664 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Usefulness of an alcohol solution of N-duopropenide for the surgical antisepsis of the hands compared with handwashing with iodine-povidone and chlorhexidine: Clinical essay
    • R. Herruzo-Cabrera, M.J. Vizcaino-Alcaide, and M.J. Fdez-AciZero Usefulness of an alcohol solution of N-duopropenide for the surgical antisepsis of the hands compared with handwashing with iodine-povidone and chlorhexidine: clinical essay J Surg Res 94 2000 6 12
    • (2000) J Surg Res , vol.94 , pp. 6-12
    • Herruzo-Cabrera, R.1    Vizcaino-Alcaide, M.J.2    Fdez-Acizero, M.J.3
  • 76
    • 0017799359 scopus 로고
    • Comparative evaluation of surgical scrub preparations
    • A.F. Peterson, and A. Rosenberg Comparative evaluation of surgical scrub preparations Surg Gynecol Obstet 146 1978 63 65
    • (1978) Surg Gynecol Obstet , vol.146 , pp. 63-65
    • Peterson, A.F.1    Rosenberg, A.2
  • 77
    • 0035663319 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of a waterless, scrubless chlorhexidine gluconate/ethanol surgical scrub for antimicrobial efficacy
    • G. Mulberry, A.T. Snyder, J. Heilman, J. Pyrek, and J. Stahl Evaluation of a waterless, scrubless chlorhexidine gluconate/ethanol surgical scrub for antimicrobial efficacy Am J Infect Control 29 2001 377 382
    • (2001) Am J Infect Control , vol.29 , pp. 377-382
    • Mulberry, G.1    Snyder, A.T.2    Heilman, J.3    Pyrek, J.4    Stahl, J.5
  • 78
    • 0031782647 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development and evaluation of a new alcohol-based surgical hand scrub formulation with persistent antimicrobial characteristics and brushless application
    • D.W. Hobson, W. Woller, L. Anderson, and E. Guthery Development and evaluation of a new alcohol-based surgical hand scrub formulation with persistent antimicrobial characteristics and brushless application Am J Infect Control 26 1998 507 512
    • (1998) Am J Infect Control , vol.26 , pp. 507-512
    • Hobson, D.W.1    Woller, W.2    Anderson, L.3    Guthery, E.4
  • 79
    • 0025634509 scopus 로고
    • The effect of surgical handwashing routines on the microbial counts of operating room nurses
    • L.J. Pereira, G.M. Lee, and K.J. Wade The effect of surgical handwashing routines on the microbial counts of operating room nurses Am J Infect Control 18 1990 354 364
    • (1990) Am J Infect Control , vol.18 , pp. 354-364
    • Pereira, L.J.1    Lee, G.M.2    Wade, K.J.3
  • 82
    • 0026530429 scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of the efficacy of surgical hand disinfection following a reduced application time of 3 instead of 5 min
    • V. Hingst, I. Juditzki, P. Heeg, and H.G. Sonntag Evaluation of the efficacy of surgical hand disinfection following a reduced application time of 3 instead of 5 min J Hosp Infect 20 1992 79 86
    • (1992) J Hosp Infect , vol.20 , pp. 79-86
    • Hingst, V.1    Juditzki, I.2    Heeg, P.3    Sonntag, H.G.4
  • 83
    • 0031154274 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of surgical hand scrub time on subsequent bacterial growth
    • S.M. Wheelock, and S. Lookinland Effect of surgical hand scrub time on subsequent bacterial growth AORN J 65 1997 1087 1098
    • (1997) AORN J , vol.65 , pp. 1087-1098
    • Wheelock, S.M.1    Lookinland, S.2
  • 84
    • 2642638776 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comparison of 5-minute povidone-iodine scrub and 1-minute povidone-iodine scrub followed by alcohol foam
    • N. Deshmukh, S.I. Kjellberg, and J.W. Kramer A comparison of 5-minute povidone-iodine scrub and 1-minute povidone-iodine scrub followed by alcohol foam Mil Med 163 1998 145 147
    • (1998) Mil Med , vol.163 , pp. 145-147
    • Deshmukh, N.1    Kjellberg, S.I.2    Kramer, J.W.3
  • 86
    • 0031055669 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A randomized trial of surgical scrubbing with a brush compared to antiseptic soap alone
    • M.B. Loeb, L. Wilcox, F. Smaill, S. Walter, and Z. Duff A randomized trial of surgical scrubbing with a brush compared to antiseptic soap alone Am J Infect Control 25 1997 11 15
    • (1997) Am J Infect Control , vol.25 , pp. 11-15
    • Loeb, M.B.1    Wilcox, L.2    Smaill, F.3    Walter, S.4    Duff, Z.5
  • 87
    • 0033582186 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Members of the infection control program. Compliance with handwashing in a teaching hospital
    • D. Pittet, P. Mourouga, and T.V. Perneger Members of the infection control program. Compliance with handwashing in a teaching hospital Ann Intern Med 130 1999 126 130
    • (1999) Ann Intern Med , vol.130 , pp. 126-130
    • Pittet, D.1    Mourouga, P.2    Perneger, T.V.3
  • 88
    • 0033582179 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • It is time for action: Improving hand hygiene in hospitals
    • J.M. Boyce It is time for action: improving hand hygiene in hospitals Ann Intern Med 130 1999 153 155
    • (1999) Ann Intern Med , vol.130 , pp. 153-155
    • Boyce, J.M.1
  • 89
    • 0029016629 scopus 로고
    • Compliance with handwashing and barrier precautions
    • E. Larson, and E.K. Kretzer Compliance with handwashing and barrier precautions J Hosp Infect 30 1995 88 106
    • (1995) J Hosp Infect , vol.30 , pp. 88-106
    • Larson, E.1    Kretzer, E.K.2
  • 90
    • 0024999053 scopus 로고
    • An epidemiological study assessing the relative importance of airborne and direct contact transmission of microorganisms in a medical intensive care unit
    • T.M. Bauer, E. Ofner, H.M. Just, H. Just, and F.D. Daschner An epidemiological study assessing the relative importance of airborne and direct contact transmission of microorganisms in a medical intensive care unit J Hosp Infect 15 1990 301 309
    • (1990) J Hosp Infect , vol.15 , pp. 301-309
    • Bauer, T.M.1    Ofner, E.2    Just, H.M.3    Just, H.4    Daschner, F.D.5
  • 91
    • 0031087130 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • No time for handwashing!? Handwashing versus alcoholic rub: Can we afford 100% compliance?
    • A. Voss, and A.F. Widmer No time for handwashing!? Handwashing versus alcoholic rub: can we afford 100% compliance? Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 18 3 1997 205 208
    • (1997) Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol , vol.18 , Issue.3 , pp. 205-208
    • Voss, A.1    Widmer, A.F.2
  • 92
    • 0034649075 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effectiveness of a hospital-wide programme to improve compliance with hand hygiene
    • D. Pittet, S. Hugonnet, S. Harbarth, P. Mourouga, V. Sauvan, and S. Touveneau Effectiveness of a hospital-wide programme to improve compliance with hand hygiene Lancet 356 2000 1307 1312
    • (2000) Lancet , vol.356 , pp. 1307-1312
    • Pittet, D.1    Hugonnet, S.2    Harbarth, S.3    Mourouga, P.4    Sauvan, V.5    Touveneau, S.6
  • 95
    • 0017692105 scopus 로고
    • Hands as route of transmission for Klebsiella species
    • M. Casewell, and I. Phillips Hands as route of transmission for Klebsiella species Br Med J 2 1977 1315 1317
    • (1977) Br Med J , vol.2 , pp. 1315-1317
    • Casewell, M.1    Phillips, I.2
  • 96
    • 0024654607 scopus 로고
    • The use of antiseptics for handwashing by medical personnel
    • D.G. Maki The use of antiseptics for handwashing by medical personnel J Chemother 1 Suppl. 1 1989 3 11
    • (1989) J Chemother , vol.1 , Issue.1 SUPPL. , pp. 3-11
    • Maki, D.G.1
  • 97
    • 0026645501 scopus 로고
    • Comparative efficacy of alternative hand-washing agents in reducing nosocomial infections in intensive care units
    • B.N. Doebbeling, G.L. Stanley, C.T. Sheetz, M.A. Pfaller, A.K. Houston, and L. Annis Comparative efficacy of alternative hand-washing agents in reducing nosocomial infections in intensive care units N Engl J Med 327 1992 88 93
    • (1992) N Engl J Med , vol.327 , pp. 88-93
    • Doebbeling, B.N.1    Stanley, G.L.2    Sheetz, C.T.3    Pfaller, M.A.4    Houston, A.K.5    Annis, L.6
  • 98
    • 0033899795 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An organizational climate intervention associated with increased handwashing and decreased nosocomial infections
    • E.L. Larson, E. Early, P. Cloonan, S. Sugrue, and M. Parides An organizational climate intervention associated with increased handwashing and decreased nosocomial infections Behav Med 26 2000 14 22
    • (2000) Behav Med , vol.26 , pp. 14-22
    • Larson, E.L.1    Early, E.2    Cloonan, P.3    Sugrue, S.4    Parides, M.5
  • 99
    • 0035028666 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antiseptic technology: Access, affordability, and acceptance
    • J.M. Boyce Antiseptic technology: access, affordability, and acceptance Emerg Infect Dis 7 2001 231 233
    • (2001) Emerg Infect Dis , vol.7 , pp. 231-233
    • Boyce, J.M.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.