Neither the RNA nor the proteins of open reading frames 3a and 3b of the coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus are essential for replication

Journal of Virology

Volumn 80, Issue 1, 2006, Pages 296-305

  Hodgson, Teri ^a   Britton, Paul ^a   Cavanagh, Dave ^a  

^a INSTITUTE FOR ANIMAL HEALTH   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

STRUCTURAL PROTEIN; STRUCTURAL PROTEIN E; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; VIRUS PROTEIN; VIRUS RNA;

ANIMAL CELL; ARTICLE; AVIAN INFECTIOUS BRONCHITIS VIRUS; CODON; CONTROLLED STUDY; CORONAVIRUS; EMBRYO; GENE DELETION; GENE REARRANGEMENT; GENE SEQUENCE; GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION; NONHUMAN; OPEN READING FRAME; ORGAN CULTURE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN FUNCTION; RIBOSOME; RNA TRANSLATION; TRANSLATION INITIATION; VIRUS RECOMBINANT; VIRUS REPLICATION; WESTERN BLOTTING;

ANIMALS; BRONCHITIS; CHICK EMBRYO; INFECTIOUS BRONCHITIS VIRUS; OPEN READING FRAMES; RNA, VIRAL; VIRAL NONSTRUCTURAL PROTEINS; VIRAL PROTEINS; VIRUS REPLICATION;

ANIMALIA; AVIAN INFECTIOUS BRONCHITIS VIRUS; CORONAVIRUS;

EID: 33645081332     PISSN: 0022538X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1128/JVI.80.1.296-305.2006     Document Type: Article

References (57)

1. Ausubel, F. M., R. Brent, R. E. Kingston, D. D. Moore, J. G. Seidman, J. A. Smith, and K. Struhl. 1987. Current protocols in molecular biology. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, N.Y.
2. Bonfield, J. K., K. F. Smith, and R. Staden. 1995. A new DNA sequence assembly program. Nucleic Acids Res. 23:4992-4999.
3. Bos, E. C., W. Luytjes, H. V. van der Meulen, H. K. Koerten, and W. J. Spaan. 1996. The production of recombinant infectious DI-particles of a murine coronavirus in the absence of helper virus. Virology 218:52-60.
4. Boulanger, D., P. Green, T. Smith, C.-P. Czerny, and M. A. Skinner. 1998. The 131-amino-acid repeat region of the essential 39-kilodalton core protein of fowlpox virus FP9, equivalent to vaccinia virus A4L protein, is nonessential and highly immunogenic. J. Virol. 72:170-179.
5. Boursnell, M. E. G., T. D. K. Brown, I. J. Foulds, P. F. Green, F. M. Tomley, and M. M. Binns. 1987. Completion of the sequence of the genome of the coronavirus avian infectious bronchitis virus. J. Gen. Virol. 68:57-77.
6. Britton, P., S. Evans, B. Dove, M. Davies, R. Casais, and D. Cavanagh. 2005. Generation of a recombinant avian coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus using transient dominant selection. J. Virol. Methods 123:203-211.
7. Britton, P., P. Green, S. Kottier, K. L. Mawditt, Z. Pénzes, D. Cavanagh, and M. A. Skinner. 1996. Expression of bacteriophage T7 RNA polymerase in avian and mammalian cells by a recombinant fowlpox virus. J. Gen. Virol. 77:963-967.
8. Casais, R., M. Davies, D. Cavanagh, and P. Britton. 2005. Gene 5 of the avian coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus is not essential for replication. J. Virol. 79:8065-8078.
9. Casais, R., B. Dove, D. Cavanagh, and P. Britton. 2003. Recombinant avian infectious bronchitis virus expressing a heterologous spike gene demonstrates that the spike protein is a determinant of cell tropism. J. Virol. 77:9084-9089.
10. Casais, R., V. Thiel, S. G. Siddell, D. Cavanagh, and P. Britton. 2001. Reverse genetics system for the avian coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus. J. Virol. 75:12359-12369.
11. Cavanagh, D. 2005. Coronaviridae: a review of coronaviruses and toroviruses, p. 1-54. In A. Schmidt and M. H. Wolff (ed.), Coronaviruses with special emphasis on first insights concerning SARS. Birkhäuser, Basel, Switzerland.
12. Cavanagh, D. 2003. Severe acute respiratory syndrome vaccine development: experiences of vaccination against avian infectious bronchitis coronavirus. Avian Pathol. 32:567-582.
13. Cavanagh, D., K. Mawditt, M. Sharma, S. E. Drury, H. L. Ainsworth, P. Britton, and R. E. Gough. 2001. Detection of a coronavirus from turkey poults in Europe genetically related to infectious bronchitis virus of chickens. Avian Pathol. 30:355-368.
14. Cavanagh, D., K. Mawditt, D. D. B. Welchman, P. Britton, and R. E. Gough. 2002. Coronaviruses from pheasants (Phasianus colchicus) are genetically closely related to coronaviruses of domestic fowl (infectious bronchitis virus) and turkeys. Avian Pathol. 31:81-93.
15. Cavanagh, D., and S. Naqi. 2003. Infectious bronchitis, p. 101-119. In Y. M. Saif, H. J. Barnes, J. R. Glisson, A. M. Fadly, L. R. McDougald, and D. E. Swayne (ed.), Diseases of poultry, 11th ed. Iowa State University Press, Ames.
16. Chen, B. Y., S. Hosi, T. Nunoya, and C. Itakura. 1996. Histopathology and immunohistochemistry of renal lesions due to infectious bronchitis virus in chicks. Avian Pathol. 25:269-283.
17. Cook, J. K. A., J. H. Darbyshire, and R. W. Peters. 1976. The use of chicken tracheal organ cultures for the isolation and assay of avian infectious bronchitis virus. Arch. Virol. 50:109-118.
18. Corse, E., and C. E. Machamer. 2002. The cytoplasmic tail of infectious bronchitis virus E protein directs Golgi targeting. J. Virol. 76:1273-1284.
19. Corse, E., and C. E. Machamer. 2000. Infectious bronchitis virus E protein is targeted to the Golgi complex and directs release of virus-like particles. J. Virol. 74:4319-4326.
20. de Haan, C. A., P. S. Masters, X. Shen, S. Weiss, and P. J. Rottier. 2002. The group-specific murine coronavirus genes are not essential, but their deletion, by reverse genetics, is attenuating in the natural host. Virology 296:177-189.
21. Dove, B., D. Cavanagh, and P. Britton. 2004. Presence of an encephalomyocarditis virus internal ribosome entry site sequence in avian infectious bronchitis virus defective RNAs abolishes rescue by helper virus. J. Virol. 78:2711-2721.
22. Enjuanes, L., D. Brian, D. Cavanagh, K. Holmes, M. M. C. Lai, H. Laude, P. Masters, P. Rottier, S. G. Siddell, W. J. M. Spaan, F. Taguchi, and P. Talbot. 2000. Coronaviridae, p. 835-849. In M. H. V. van Regenmortel, C. M. Fauquet, D. H. L. Bishop, E. B. Carstens, M. K. Estes, S. Lemon, J. Maniloff, M. Mayo, D. J. McGeoch, C. R. Pringle, and R. B. Wickner (ed.), Virus taxonomy. Classification and nomenclature of viruses. Academic Press, San Diego, Calif.
23. Enjuanes, L., W. J. Spaan, E. J. Snijder, and D. Cavanagh. 2000. Nidovirales, p. 827-834. In M. H. V. van Regenmortel, C. M. Fauquet, D. H. L. Bishop, E. B. Carsten, M. K. Estes, S. M. Lemon, D. J. McGeoch, J. Maniloff, M. A. Mayo, C. R. Pringle, and R. B. Wickner (ed.), Virus taxonomy. Classification and nomenclature of viruses. Academic Press, New York, N.Y.
24. Evans, S., D. Cavanagh, and P. Britton. 2000. Utilizing fowlpox virus recombinants to generate defective RNAs of the coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus. J. Gen. Virol. 81:2855-2865.
25. Falkner, F. G., and B. Moss. 1990. Transient dominant selection of recombinant vaccinia viruses. J. Virol. 64:3108-3111.
26. Fischer, F., C. F. Stegen, P. S. Masters, and W. A. Samsonoff. 1998. Analysis of constructed E gene mutants of mouse hepatitis virus confirms a pivotal role for E protein in coronavirus assembly. J. Virol. 72:7885-7894.
27. Geilhausen, H. E., F. B. Ligon, and P. D. Lukert. 1973. The pathogenesis of virulent and avirulent avian infectious bronchitis virus. Arch. Gesamte Virusforsch. 40:285-290.
28. Gonzalez, J. M., P. Gomez-Puertas, D. Cavanagh, A. E. Gorbalenya, and L. Enjuanes. 2003. A comparative sequence analysis to revise the current taxonomy of the family Coronaviridae. Arch. Virol. 148:2207-2235.
29. Guy, J. S. 2000. Turkey coronavirus is more closely related to avian infectious bronchitis virus than to mammalian coronaviruses: a review. Avian Pathol. 29:207-212.
30. Hackney, K., D. Cavanagh, P. Kaiser, and P. Britton. 2003. In vitro and in ovo expression of chicken gamma interferon by a defective RNA of avian coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus. J. Virol. 77:5694-5702.
31. Haijema, B. J., H. Volders, and P. J. Rottier. 2004. Live, attenuated coronavirus vaccines through the directed deletion of group-specific genes provide protection against feline infectious peritonitis. J. Virol. 78:3863-3871.
32. Hiscox, J. A., T. Wurm, L. Wilson, P. Britton, D. Cavanagh, and G. Brooks. 2001. The coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus nucleoprotein localizes to the nucleolus. J. Virol. 75:506-512.
33. Hodgson, T., R. Casais, B. Dove, P. Britton, and D. Cavanagh. 2004. Recombinant infectious bronchitis coronavirus Beaudette with the spike protein gene of the pathogenic M41 strain remains attenuated but induces protective immunity. J. Virol. 78:13804-13811.
34. Jonassen, C. M., T. Kofstad, I. L. Larsen, A. Lovland, K. Handeland, A. Follestad, and A. Lillehaug. 2005. Molecular identification and characterization of novel coronaviruses infecting graylag geese (Anser anser), feral pigeons (Columbia livia) and mallards (Anas platyrhynchos). J. Gen. Virol. 86:1597-1607.
35. Kotani, T., Y. Shiraishi, Y. Tsukamoto, M. Kuwamura, J. Yamate, S. Sakuma, and M. Gohda. 2000. Epithelial cell kinetics in the inflammatory process of chicken trachea infected with infectious bronchitis virus. J. Vet. Med. Sci. 62:129-134.
36. Kuo, L. L., and P. S. Masters. 2003. The small envelope protein E is not essential for murine coronavirus replication. J. Virol. 77:4597-4608.
37. Lai, M. M., and D. Cavanagh. 1997. The molecular biology of coronaviruses. Adv. Virus Res. 48:1-100.
38. Le, S. Y., N. Sonenberg, and J. V. Maizel, Jr. 1994. Distinct structural elements and internal entry of ribosomes in mRNA3 encoded by infectious bronchitis virus. Virology 198:405-411.
39. Lim, K. P., and D. X. Liu. 2001. The missing link in coronavirus assembly. Retention of the avian coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus envelope protein in the pre-Golgi compartments and physical interaction between the envelope and membrane proteins. J. Biol. Chem. 276:17515-17523.
40. Liu, D. X., D. Cavanagh, P. Green, and S. C. Inglis. 1991. A polycistronic mRNA specified by the coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus. Virology 184:531-544.
41. Liu, D. X., and S. C. Inglis. 1992. Identification of two new polypeptides encoded by mRNA5 of the coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus. Virology 186:342-347.
42. Liu, D. X., and S. C. Inglis. 1992. Internal entry of ribosomes on a tricistronic mRNA encoded by infectious bronchitis virus. J. Virol. 66:6143-6154.
43. Ortego, J., D. Escors, H. Laude, and L. Enjuanes. 2002. Generation of a replication-competent, propagation-deficient virus vector based on the transmissible gastroenteritis coronavirus genome. J. Virol. 76:11518-11529.
44. Ortego, J., I. Sola, F. Almazan, J. E. Ceriani, C. Riquelme, M. Balasch, J. Plana, and L. Enjuanes. 2003. Transmissible gastroenteritis coronavirus gene 7 is not essential but influences in vivo virus replication and virulence. Virology 308:13-22.
45. Pendleton, A. R., and C. E. Machamer. 2005. Infectious bronchitis virus 3a protein localizes to a novel domain of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum. J. Virol. 79:6142-6151.
46. Pénzes, Z., K. Tibbles, K. Shaw, P. Britton, T. D. K. Brown, and D. Cavanagh. 1994. Characterization of a replicating and packaged defective RNA of avian coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus. Virology 203:286-293.
47. Raamsman, M. J., J. K. Locker, A. de Hooge, A. A. de Vries, G. Griffiths, H. Vennema, and P. J. Rottier. 2000. Characterization of the coronavirus mouse hepatitis virus strain A59 small membrane protein E. J. Virol. 74:2333-2342.
48. Sambrook, J., E. F. Fritsch, and T. Maniatis. 1989. Molecular cloning: a laboratory manual, 2nd ed. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.
49. Sharma, J. M. 1999. Introduction to poultry vaccines and immunity. Adv. Vet. Med. 41:481-494.
50. Shen, S., Z. L. Wen, and D. X. Liu. 2003. Emergence of a coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus mutant with a truncated 3b gene: functional characterization of the 3b protein in pathogenesis and replication. Virology 311:16-27.
51. Smith, A. R., M. E. G. Boursnell, M. M. Binns, T. D. K. Brown, and S. C. Inglis. 1990. Identification of a new membrane associated polypeptide specified by the coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus. J. Gen. Virol. 71:3-11.
52. Snijder, E. J., P. J. Bredenbeek, J. C. Dobbe, V. Thiel, J. Ziebuhr, L. L. Poon, Y. Guan, M. Rozanov, W. J. Spaan, and A. E. Gorbalenya. 2003. Unique and conserved features of genome and proteome of SARS-coronavirus, an early split-off from the coronavirus group 2 lineage. J. Mol. Biol. 331:991-1004.
53. Sola, I., S. Alonso, S. Zuniga, M. Balasch, J. Plana-Duran, and L. Enjuanes. 2003. Engineering the transmissible gastroenteritis virus genome as an expression vector inducing lactogenic immunity. J. Virol. 77:4357-4369.
54. Thiel, V., K. A. Ivanov, A. Putics, T. Hertzig, B. Schelle, S. Bayer, B. Weissbrich, E. J. Snijder, H. Rabenau, H. W. Doerr, A. E. Gorbalenya, and J. Ziebuhr. 2003. Mechanisms and enzymes involved in SARS coronavirus genome expression. J. Gen. Virol. 84:2305-2315.
55. Thiel, V., and S. G. Siddell. 1994. Internal ribosome entry in the coding region of murine hepatitis virus mRNA 5. J. Gen. Virol. 75:3041-3046.
56. Vennema, H., G. J. Godeke, J. W. A. Rossen, W. F. Voorhout, M. C. Horzinek, D. J. E. Opstelten, and P. J. M. Rottier. 1996. Nucleocapsid- independent assembly of coronavirus-like particles by co-expression of viral envelope protein genes. EMBO J. 15:2020-2028.
57. Youn, S., J. L. Leibowitz, and E. W. Collisson. 2005. In vitro assembled, recombinant infectious bronchitis viruses demonstrate that the 5a open reading frame is not essential for replication. Virology 332:206-215.