Analysis of constructed E gene mutants of mouse hepatitis: Virus confirms a pivotal role for E protein in coronavirus assembly

Journal of Virology

Volumn 72, Issue 10, 1998, Pages 7885-7894

  Fischer, Françoise ^a,c   Stegen, Carola F ^a,d   Masters, Paul S ^a,b   Samsonoff, William A ^a,b  

^a STATE UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK   (United States)

^b WADSWORTH CENTER   (United States)

^c CENTRE INTERNATIONAL DE RECHERCHE EN INFECTIOLOGIE   (France)

^d UNIVERSITY OF TÜBINGEN   (Germany)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

VIRUS PROTEIN;

ANIMAL CELL; ARTICLE; CONTROLLED STUDY; CORONAVIRUS; ELECTRON MICROSCOPY; GENE STRUCTURE; HEPATITIS VIRUS; MOUSE; MUTAGENESIS; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN EXPRESSION; TEMPERATURE SENSITIVE MUTANT; VIRUS ASSEMBLY; VIRUS MORPHOGENESIS; VIRUS MUTANT;

EID: 0031689187     PISSN: 0022538X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1128/jvi.72.10.7885-7894.1998     Document Type: Article

References (47)

1. Abraham, S., T. E. Kienzle, W. E. Lapps, and D. A. Brian. 1990. Sequence and expression analysis of potential nonstructural proteins of 4.9, 4.8, 12.7, and 9.5 kDa encoded between the spike and membrane protein genes of the bovine coronavirus. Virology 177:488-495.
2. Bass, S. H., M. G. Mulkerrin, and J. A. Wells. 1991. A systematic mutational analysis of hormone-binding determinants in the human growth hormone receptor. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 88:4498-4502.
3. Bennett, W. F., N. F. Paoni, B. A. Keyt, D. Botstein, A. J. Jones, L. Presta, F. M. Wurm, and M. J. Zoller. 1991. High resolution analysis of functional determinants on human tissue-type plasminogen activator. J. Biol. Chem. 266:5191-5201.
4. Bos, E. C. W., W. Luytjes, H. van der Meulen, H. K. Koerten, and W. J. M. Spaan. 1996. The production of recombinant infectious DI-particles of a murine coronavirus in the absence of helper virus. Virology 218:52-60.
5. Boursnell, M. E. G., M. M. Binns, and T. D. K. Brown. 1985. Sequencing of coronavirus IBV genomic RNA: three open reading frames in the 5′ 'unique' region of mRNA D. J. Gen. Virol. 66:2253-2258.
6. Bretscher, M. S., and S. Munro. 1993. Cholesterol and the Golgi apparatus. Science 261:1280-1281.
7. Brian, D. A., B. G. Hogue, and T. E. Kienzle. 1995. The coronavirus hemagglutinin esterase glycoprotein, p. 165-179. In S. G. Siddell (ed.), The Coronaviridae. Plenum Press, New York, N.Y.
8. Budzilowicz, C. J., and S. R. Weiss. 1987. In vitro synthesis of two polypeptides from a nonstructural gene of coronavirus mouse hepatitis virus strain A59. Virology 157:509-515.
9. Décimo, D., H. Philippe. M. Hadchouel, M. Tardieu, and M. Meunier-Rotival. 1993. The gene encoding the nucleocapsid protein: sequence analysis in murine hepatitis virus type 3 and evolution in Coronaviridae. Arch. Virol. 130:279-288.
10. de Haan, C. A. M., L. Kuo, P. S. Masters, H. Vennema, and P. J. M. Rottier. 1998. Coronavirus particle assembly: primary structure requirements of the membrane protein. J. Virol. 72:6838-6850.
11. Diamond, S. E., and K. Kirkegaard. 1994. Clustered charged-to-alanine mutagenesis of poliovirus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase yields multiple temperature-sensitive mutants defective in RNA synthesis, J. Virol. 68:863-876.
12. Fichot, O., and M. Girard. 1990. An improved method for sequencing of RNA templates. Nucleic Acids Res. 18:6162.
13. Fischer, F., D. Peng, S. T. Hingley, S. R. Weiss, and P. S. Masters. 1997. The internal open reading frame within the nucleocapsid gene of mouse hepatitis virus encodes a structural protein that is not essential for viral replication. J. Virol. 71:996-1003.
14. Fischer, F., C. F. Stegen, C. A. Koetzner, and P. S. Masters. 1997. Analysis of a recombinant mouse hepatitis virus expressing a foreign gene reveals a novel aspect of coronavirus transcription. J. Virol. 71:5148-5160.
15. Fosmire, J. A., K. Hwang, and S, Makino. 1992. Identification and characterization of a coronavirus packaging signal. J. Virol. 66:3522-3530.
16. Godet, M., R. L'haridon, J.-F. Vautherot, and H. Laude. 1992. TGEV corona virus ORF4 encodes a membrane protein that is incorporated into virions. Virology 188:666-675.
17. Hassett, D. E., and R. C. Condit. 1994. Targeted construction of temperature-sensitive mutalions in vaccinia virus by replacing clustered charged residues with alanine. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 91:4554-4558.
18. Horton, R. M., and L. R. Pease. 1991. Recombination and mutagenesis of DNA sequences using PCR, p. 217-247. In M. J. McPherson (ed.), Directed mutagenesis, a practical approach. IRL Press, New York, N.Y.
19. Hsue, B., and P. S. Masters. 1997. A bulged stem-loop structure in the 3′ untranslated region of the genome of the coronavirus mouse hepatitis virus is essential for replication. J. Virol. 71:7567-7578.
20. Ivanova, L., S. Lustig, and M. J. Sehlesinger. 1995. A pseudo-revertant of a Sindbis virus 6K protein mutant, which corrects for aberrant particle formation, contains two new mutations that map to the ectodomain of the E2 glycoprotein. Virology 206:1027-1034.
21. Kingsman, S. M., and C. E. Samuel. 1980. Mechanism of Interferon action. Interferon-mediated inhibition of simian virus-40 early RNA accumulation. Virology 101:458-465.
22. Koetzner, C. A., M. M. Parker, C. S. Ricard, L. S. Sturman, and P. S. Masters. 1992. Repair and mutagenesis of the genome of a deletion mutant of the coronavirus mouse hepatitis virus by targeted RNA recombination. J. Virol. 66:1841-1848.
23. Leibowitz, J. L., S. Perlman, G. Weinstock, J. R. DeVries, C. Budzilowicz, J. M. Weissemann, and S. R. Weiss. 1988. Detection of a murine coronavirus nonstructural protein encoded in a downstream open reading frame. Virology 164:156-164.
24. Liljeström, P., S. Lusa, D. Huylebroeck, and H. Garoff. 1991. In vitro mutagenesis of a full-length cDNA clone of Semliki Forest virus: the small 6,000-molecular-weight membrane protein modulates virus release. J. Virol. 65:4107-4113.
25. Liu, D. X., D. Cavanagh, P. Green, and S. C. Inglis. 1991. A polycistronic mRNA specified by the coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus. Virology 184:531-544.
26. Liu, D. X., and S. C. Inglis. 1991. Association of the infectious bronchitis virus 3c protein with the virion envelope. Virology 185:911-917.
27. Loewy, A., J. Smyth, C.-H. von Bonsdorff, P. Liljeström, and M. J. Schlesinger. 1995. The 6-kilodalton membrane protein of Semliki Forest virus is involved in the budding process. J. Virol. 69:469-475.
28. Luytjes, W., P. J. Bredenbeek, A. F. H. Noten, M. C. Horzinek, and W. J. M. Spaan. 1988. Sequence of mouse hepatitis virus A59 mRNA2: indications for RNA recombination between coronaviruses and influenza C virus. Virology 166:415-422.
29. Masters, P. S., C. A. Koetzner, C. A. Kerr, and Y. Heo. 1994. Optimization of targeted RNA recombination and mapping of a novel nucleocapsid gene mutation in the coronavirus mouse hepatitis virus. J. Virol. 68:328-337.
30. Parker, M. M., and P. S. Masters. 1990. Sequence comparison of the N genes of five strains of the coronavirus mouse hepatitis virus suggests a three domain structure for the nucleocapsid protein. Virology 179:463-468.
31. Parker, M. M., and P. S. Masters. Unpublished data.
32. Peng, D., C. A. Koetzner, and P. S. Masters. 1995. Analysis of second-site revertants of a murine coronavirus nucleocapsid protein deletion mutant and construction of nucleocapsid protein mutants by targeted RNA recombination. J. Virol. 69:3449-3457.
33. Peng, D., C. A. Koetzner, T. McMahon, Y. Zhu, and P. S. Masters. 1995. Construction of murine coronavirus mutants containing interspecies chimeric nucleocapsid proteins. J. Virol. 69:5475-5484.
34. Reijo, R. A., E. M. Cooper, G. J. Beagle, and T. C. Huffaker. 1994. Systematic mutational analysis of the yeast beta-tubulin gene. Mol. Biol. Cell 5:29-43.
35. Sambrook, J., E. F. Fritsch and T. Maniatis. 1989. Molecular cloning: a laboratory manual, 2nd ed. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.
36. Sanger, F., S. Nicklen, and A. R. Coulson. 1977. DNA sequencing with chain terminating inhibitors. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 74:5463-5467.
37. Schwarz, B., E. Routledge, and S. G. Siddell. 1990. Murine nonstructural protein ns2 is not essential for virus replication in transformed cells. J. Virol. 64:4784-4791.
38. Senanayake, S. D., M. A. Hofmann, J. L. Maki, and D. A. Brian. 1992. The nucleocapsid protein gene of bovine coronavirus is bicistronic. J. Virol. 66:5277-5283.
39. Siddell, S. G. 1995. The Coronaviridae: an introduction, p. 1-10. In S. G. Siddell (ed.), The Coronaviridae. Plenum Press, New York, N.Y.
40. Skinner, M. A., D. Ebner, and S. G. Siddell. 1985 Coronavirus MHV-JHM mRNA 5 has a sequence arrangement which potentially allows translation of a second, downstream open reading frame. J. Gen. Virol. 66:581-592.
41. Skinner, M. A., and S. G. Siddell. 1985. Coding sequence of coronavirus MHV-JHM mRNA4. J. Gen. Virol. 66:593-596.
42. Vennema, H., G.-J. Godeke, J. W. A. Rossen, W. F. Voorhout, M. C. Horzinek, D.-J. E. Opstelten, and P. J. M. Rottier. 1996. Nucleocapsid-independent assembly of coronavirus-like particles by co-expression of viral envelope protein genes. EMBO J. 15:2020-2028.
43. Weiss, S. R., P. W. Zoltick, and J. L. Leibowitz. 1993. The ns 4 gene of mouse hepatitis virus (MHV), strain A59 contains two ORFs and thus differs from ns 4 of the JHM and S strains. Arch. Virol. 129:301-309.
44. Wertman, K. F., D. G. Drubin, and D. Botstein. 1992. Systematic mutational analysis of the yeast ACT1 gene. Genetics 132:337-350.
45. Xiang, W., A. Cuconati, A. V. Paul, X. Cao, and E. Wimmer. 1995. Molecular dissection of the multifunctional poliovirus RNA-binding protein 3AB. RNA 1:892-904.
46. Yokomori, K., and M. M. C. Lai. 1991. Mouse hepatitis virus S RNA sequence reveals that nonstructural proteins ns4 and ns5a are not essential for murine coronavirus replication. J. Virol. 65:5605-5608.
47. Yu, X., W. Bi, S. R. Weiss, and J. L. Leibowitz. 1994. Mouse hepatitis virus gene 5b protein is a new virion envelope protein. Virology 202:1018-1023.