Investigation of coupled hydraulic-geomechanical processes at the KTB site: Pressure-dependent characteristics of a long-term pump test and elastic interpretation using a geomechanical facies model

Geofluids

Volumn 6, Issue 1, 2006, Pages 67-81

  McDermott, Chris I ^a   Lodemann, M ^b   Ghergut, I ^b   Tenzer, H ^a   Sauter, M ^b   Kolditz, O ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TÜBINGEN   (Germany)

^b UNIVERSITY OF GÖTTINGEN   (Germany)

Author keywords

Coupled processes; Elastic processes; Geomechanical; Geomechanical facies; Hydraulic flow; KTB; Pressure dependent permeability

Indexed keywords

BASEMENT ROCK; BOREHOLE; DRILLING; PERMEABILITY;

EID: 33645046886     PISSN: 14688115     EISSN: 14688123     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-8123.2006.00129.x     Document Type: Article

References (71)

1. Berckhemer H, Rauen A, Winter H, Kern H, Kontny A, Lienert M, Nover G, Pohl J, Popp T, Schult A, Zinke J, Soffel HC, Haak V, Jones AG (1997) Petrophysical properties of the 9-km deep crustal section at KTB. Journal of Geophysical Research, B, Solid Earth and Planets, 102, 18337-61.
2. Bour O, Davy P (1998) On the connectivity of three-dimensional fault networks. Water Resources Research, 34, 2611-22.
3. Brudy M, Zoback MD, Fuchs K, Rummel F, Baumgartner J (1997) Estimation of the complete stress tensor to 8 km depth in the KTB scientific drill holes: Implications for crustal strength. Journal of Geophysical Research, 102, 18453-75.
4. Caine JS, Evans JP, Forster CB (1996) Fault zone architecture and permeability structure. Geology, 24, 1025-8.
5. Carslaw HS, Jaeger JC (1959) Conduction of Heat in Solids. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
6. Chen CY, Horne RN, Fourar M (2004) Experimental study of liquid-gas flow structure effects on relative permeabilities in a fracture. Water Resources Research, 40, W083011-115.
7. Cox SF, Knackstedt MA, Braun J (2001) Principles of structural control on permeability and fluid flow in hydrothermal systems. Reviews in Economic Geology, 14, 1-24.
8. Davies RO, Selvadurai APS (1996) Elasticity and Geomechanics. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
9. Diersch HJ (1985) Modellierung und numerische Simulation geohydrodynamischer Transportprozesse, p. 267. Akademie der Wissenschaften der DDR, Berlin.
10. Dietrich P, Helmig R, Sauter M, Hötzl H, Köngeter J, Teutsch G (2005) Flow and Transport in Fractured Porous Media. Springer, Berlin.
11. Durham WB (1997) Laboratory observations of the hydraulic behaviour of a permeable fracture from 3800 m depth in the KTB pilot hole. Journal of Geophysical Research, 102, 18405-16.
12. Emmermann R, Lauterjung J (1997) The German Continental Deep Drilling Program KTB: Overview and major results. Journal of Geophysical Research, 102, 18179-201.
13. Exadaktylos GE, Vardoulakis I (2001) Microstructure in linear elasticity and scale effects: A reconsideration of basic rock mechanics and rock fracture mechanics. Tectonophysics, 335, 81-109.
14. Freeze RA, Cherry JA (1979) Groundwater. Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ.
15. Gräsle W, Kessels W (2003) Three dimensional modelling of fluid movement and transport of fluid components in the SE1 and SE2 fault zones driven by processes on a regional scale. Hydraulic and tracer interpretation regarding stress coupling and the probability of the hydraulic induced shear failures and as technical support. Leibniz Institute for Applied Geosciences, Hannover, Germany.
16. Gräsle W, Kessels W, Rifai H (2003) A tracer based flow-log technique to assess hydraulic properties in deep fractured-porous aquifers of low permeability applied in the 4000 m pilot borehole of the KTB/Germany. International Conference on Groundwater in Fractured Rocks, 15-19 September, Prague.
17. Haenel R (1982) The Urach Geothermal Project (Swabian Alb, Germany). E. Schweizerbart'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung (Nägele u. Obermiller), Stuttgart.
18. Häfner F, Sames D, Voigt H-D (1992) Wärme- und Stofftransport - Mathematische Methoden. Springer, Berlin.
19. Harjes HP, Bram K, Durbaum HJ, Gebrande H, Hirschmann G, Janik M, Klockner M, Luschen E, Rabbel W, Simon M, Thomas R, Tormann J, Wenzel F (1997) Origin and nature of crustal reflections: Results from integrated seismic measurements at the KTB superdeep drilling site. Journal of Geophysical Research, 102, 18267-88.
20. Helmig R (1997) Multiphase Flow and Transport Processes in the Subsurface: A Contribution to the Modeling of Hydrosystems. Springer, Berlin.
21. Hirschmann G (1996) KTB - the structure of a Variscan terrane boundary: seismic investigation - drilling - models. Tectonophysics, 264, 1-4.
22. Hirschmann G, Duyster J, Harms U, Kontny A, Lapp M, de-Wall H, Zulauf G (1997) The KTB superdeep borehole: Petrography and structure of a 9-km-deep crustal section. Geologische Rundschau (DEU), 86 (Heft Suppl.), 3-14.
23. Hoehn E, Eikenberg J, Fierz T, Drost W, Reichlmayr E (1998) The Grimsel Migration Experiment: Field injection-withdrawal experiments in fractured rock with sorbing tracers. Journal of Contaminant Hydrology, 34, 85-106.
24. Hornung J, Aigner T (2002) Reservoir architecture in a terminal alluvial plain: An outcrop analogue study (upper triassic, Southern Germany). Part 1: Sedimentology and petrophysics. Journal of Petroleum Geology, 25, 3-30.
25. Huenges E, Erzinger J, Kueck J, Engeser B, Kessels W, Haak V, Jones AG (1997) The permeable crust; geohydraulic properties down to 9101 m depth. Journal of Geophysical Research, B, Solid Earth and Planets, 102, 18255-65.
26. Huyakorn PS, Pinder GF (1983) Computational Methods in Subsurface Flow. Academic Press, New York.
27. Istok J (1989) Groundwater Modeling by the Finite Element Method. American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, USA.
28. Kessels W (2000) Elastische Eigenschaften von Klüften und Interpretation hydraulischer Tests- Untersuchungen im Rahmen des KTB -Projektes (Elastic characterisitics of fractures and the interpretation of hydraulic tests and experimental investigation relating to the KTB project.). 3. Workshop Kluft-Aquifere, Gekoppelte Prozesse in Geosystemen', Institut für Strömungsmechanik und Elektron. Rechnen im Bauwesen der Universität Hannover.
29. Kessels W, Kück J (1995) Hydraulic communication in the crystalline rock between the two boreholes of the continental deep drilling programme in Germany. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences & Geomechanics Abstracts, 32, 37-47.
30. Klingbeil R, Kleineidam S, Asprion U, Aigner T, Teutsch G (1999) Relating lithofacies to hydrofacies: Outcrop-based hydrogeological characterisation of Quaternary gravel deposits. Sedimentary Geology, 129, 299-310.
31. Kolditz O (2001) Non-linear flow in fractured rock. International Journal of Numerical Methods for Heat & Fluid Flow, 11, 547-75.
32. Kolditz O (2002) Computational Methods in Environmental Fluid Mechanics. Springer, New York.
33. Kolditz O, Clauser C (1998) Numerical simulation of flow and heat transfer in fractured crystalline rocks: Application to the hot dry rock site in Rosemanowes (U.K.). Geothermics, 27, 1-23.
34. Kolditz O, de Jonge J, Beinhorn M, Xie M, Kalbacher T, Wang W, Bauer S, McDermott CI, Kaiser R, Kohlmeier M (2005) ROCKFLOW -Theory and User Manual, release 4.1. Technical report. Groundwater Modelling Group, Centre for Applied Geosciences, University of Tübingen & Institute of Fluid Mechanics, University of Hannover.
35. KTB website (2005) http://www.icdp-online.de/sites/ktb/.
36. Lajtai EZ (1998) Microscopic fracture processes in a granite. Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering, 31, 237-50.
37. Lock PA, Jing X, Zimmerman RW (2004) Comparison of methods for upscaling permeability from the pore scale to the core scale. Journal of Hydraulic Research, 42, 3-8.
38. Lodemann M, Fritz P, Wolf M, Ivanovich M, Hansen BT, Nolte E (1998) On the origin of saline fluids in the KTB (Continental Deep Drilling Project of Germany). Applied Geochemistry, 13, 653-71.
39. Manzocchi T (2002) The connectivity of two-dimensional networks of spatially correlated fractures. Water Resources Research, 38, 1-20.
40. McDermott CI, Kolditz O (in press) Geomechanical model for fracture deformation under hydraulic, mechanical and thermal loads. Hydrogeology Journal DOI: 10.1007/s10040-005-0455-4.
41. McDermott CI, Sauter M, Liedl R (2003) New experimental techniques for pneumatic tomographical determination of the flow and transport parameters of highly fractured porous rock samples. Journal of Hydrology, 278, 51-63.
42. McDermott CI, Liedl R, Sauter M, Teutsch G (2005a) The multi-shell model -a conceptual model approach. In: Flow and Transport in Fractured Porous Media (eds Dietrich P, Helmig R, Sauter M, Hötzl H, Köngeter J, Teutsch G), pp. 306 -21. Springer, Berlin.
43. McDermott CI, Randriamanjatosoa AL, Tenzer H, Sauter M, Kolditz O (2005b) Pressure dependent hydraulic flow, heat transport and geo-thermo-mechanical deformation in HDR crystalline geothermal systems: preliminary application to identify energy recovery schemes at Urach Spa. Proceedings World Geothermal Congress 2005, Antalya, Turkey, April.
44. Meier PM, Medina A, Carrera J (2001) Geostatistical inversion of cross-hole pumping tests for identifying preferential flow channels within a shear zone. Ground Water, 39, 10-17.
45. Moller P, Weise SM, Althaus E, Bach W, Behr HJ, Borchardt R, Brauer K, Drescher J, Erzinger J, Faber E, Hansen BT, Horn EE, Huenges E, Kampf H, Kessels W, Kirsten T, Landwehr D, Lodemann M, Machon L, Pekdeger A, Pielow HU, Reutel C, Simon K, Walther J, Weinlich FH, Zimmer M (1997) Paleofluids and recent fluids in the upper continental crust: Results from the German Continental Deep Drilling Program (KTB). Journal of Geophysical Research - Solid Earth, 102, 18233 -54.
46. Montemagno CD, Pyrak-Nolte LJ (1995) Porosity of natural fracture networks. Geophysical Research Letters, 22, 1397-1400.
47. Nicholl MJ, Detwiler RL (2001) Simulation of flow and transport in a single fracture: Macroscopic effects of underestimating local head loss. Geophysical Research Letters, 28, 4355-8.
48. Neuman SP (1994) Generalized scaling of permeabilities: Validation and effect of support scale. Geophysical Research Letters, 21, 349-52.
49. O'Sullivan MJ, Pruess K, Lippmann MJ (2001) Geothermal reservoir simulation; the state of practice and emerging trends. Geothermics, 30, 395-429.
50. Pfingsten W, Soler JM (2003) Modelling of nonreactive tracer dipole tests in a shear zone at the Grimsel test site. Journal of Contaminant Hydrology, 61, 387-403.
51. Rea J, Knight R (1998) Geostatistical analysis of ground-penetrating radar data: A means of describing spatial variation in the subsurface. Water Resources Research, 34, 329-40.
52. Renner M, Sauter M (1997) Heat as natural tracer: Characterization of a conduit network in a karst aquifer using temperature measurements of the spring water. In: Karst Waters Environmental Impacts (eds Günay G, Johnson AI), pp. 423 -31. Balkema, Rotterdam.
53. Rutqvist J, Stephanson O (2003) The role of hydromechanical coupling in fractured rock engineering. Hydrogeology Journal, 11, 7-40.
54. Sauter M, Ghergut I, Herfort M, Lodemann M (2004) HDR Bad Urach. Teilprojekt Push-Pull-Tracer-Versuch Urach-3. Abschlussbericht, Geoscientific Center at the University of Göttingen, Georg-August University of Göttingen, Germany.
55. Schön JH (1996) Physical Properties of Rocks - Fundamentals and Principles of Petrophysics. Pergamon Press, New York.
56. Shapiro SA, Huenges E, Borm G (1997) Estimating the crust permeability from fluid-injection-induced seismic emission at the KTB site. Geophysical Journal International, 131, F15-F18.
57. Smith GN, Smith IGN (1998) Elements of Soil Mechanics. Blackwell, Oxford.
58. Stauffer D, Aharony A (1994) Introduction to Percolation Theory. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL.
59. Stephens M (1994) Architectural element analysis within the Kayenta Formation (Lower Jurassic) using ground-probing radar and sedimentological profiling, southwestern Colorado. Sedimentary Geology, 90, 179-211.
60. Stober I, Bucher K (2003) Fluids in the continental upper crust; brines from 4 km depth in fractured gneisses at the site of the German Continental Deep Drilling Project (KTB). Abstracts with Programs Geological Society of America, 35, 592.
61. Stober I, Bucher K (2005) The upper continental crust, an aquifer and its fluid: Hydraulic and chemical data from 4km depth in fractured crystalline basement rocks at the KTB test site. Geofluids, 5, 1-11.
62. Talwani P, Cobb JS, Schaeffer MF (1999) In situ measurements of hydraulic properties of a shear zone in northwestern South Carolina. Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, 104, 14993-15004.
63. Tenzer H, Schanz U, Stang H, Homier G, Baisch S, Weidler R, Macek A, Uhlig S (2004) The hot dry rock project at Bad Urach. In: Present State and Perspectives of Geothermal Power Generation in Germany (eds Bruchmann U, Kaltschmitt M, Schroeder G). Federal Ministry of the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety of Germany (BMU) Public Relations Division, Berlin.
64. Tidwell VC, Wilson JL (1997) Laboratory method for investigating permeability upscaling. Water Resources Research, 33, 1607-16.
65. Wang JSY, Narasimhan TN, Scholz CH (1988) Aperture correlation of a fractal fracture. Journal of Geophysics Research, 93, 2216-24.
66. Watanabe K, Takahashi H (1995) Fractal geometry characterization of geothermal reservoir fracture networks. Journal of Geophysics Research, 100, 521-8.
67. Wels C, Smith L, Vandergraaf TT (1996) Influence of specific surface area on transport of sorbing solutes in fractures: An experimental analysis. Water Resources Research, 32, 1943-54.
68. Winter H, Adelhardt S, Jerak A, Kuchenhoff H (2002) Characterization of cataclastic shear-zones of the KTB deep drill hole by regression analysis of drill cuttings data. Geophysical Journal International, 150, 1-9.
69. Zimmerman RW, Bodvarsson GS (1996) Hydraulic conductivity of rock fractures. Transport in Porous Media, 23, 1-30.
70. Zimmermann G, Korner A, Burkhardt H (2000) Hydraulic pathways in the crystalline rock of the KTB. Geophysical Journal International, 142, 4-14.
71. Zimmermann G, Burkhardt H, Engelhard L (2003) Scale dependence of hydraulic and structural parameters in the crystalline rock of the KTB. Pure and Applied Geophysics, 160, 1067-85.