Petrophysical properties of the 9-km-deep crustal section at KTB

Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth

Volumn 102, Issue B8, 1997, Pages 18337-18361

  Berckhemer, H ^a   Rauen, A ^b,f   Winter, H ^b,f   Kern, H ^c   Kontny, A ^d   Lienert, M ^a   Nover, G ^e   Pohl, J ^b,f   Popp, T ^c   Schult, A ^b,f   Zinke, J ^a   Soffel, H C ^b,f  

^a GOETHE UNIVERSITY   (Germany)

^b UNIVERSITY OF MUNICH   (Germany)

^c Mineralogisch Petrographisches Institut   (Germany)

^d UNIVERSITY OF HEIDELBERG   (Germany)

^e UNIVERSITY OF BONN   (Germany)

^f Inst F Allg Angew Geophys Univ   (Germany)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

DEEP DRILLING; KTB BOREHOLE; MAGNETIC SUSCEPTIBILITY; MAGNETITE; MICROCRACK; PETROPHYSICAL PROPERTIES; RESISTIVITY;

GERMANY, BAVARIA, KTB SITE;

EID: 0031411798     PISSN: 21699313     EISSN: 21699356     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1029/96jb03396     Document Type: Article

References (98)

1. Berckhemer, H., R. Auerbach, and M. Lindenfeld, Pulse shape distortion of ultrasonic signals in KTB-drill cores by multiple scattering at open cracks, in Contributions to the 8th annual KTB colloquium, edited by R. Emmermann, J. Lauterjung, and T. Umsonst, pp. 31-35, Institut für Geowissenschaften und Lithosphärenforschung, Universität Giessen, Giessen, Germany, 1995.
2. Birch, F., The velocity of compressional waves in rocks to 10 kilobars, J. Geophys. Res., 65, 1083-1102, 1960.
3. Börner, F. D., and J. H. Schön, Low frequency complex conductivity measurements of microcrack properties, Surv. Geophys., 16, 121-135, 1995.
4. Bosum, W., U. Casten, S. C. Fieberg, I. Heyde, and H. C. Soffel, Three-dimensional interpretation of the KTB gravity and magnetic anomalies, J. Geophys. Res., this issue.
5. Bourbie, T., O. Coussy, and B. Zinszer, Acoustics of Porous Media, 352 pp., Edition Techn., Paris, France, 1987.
6. Brace, W. F., A. S. Orange, and T. R. Madden, The effect of pressure on the electrical resistivity of water saturated crystalline rocks, J. Geophys. Res., 70, 5669-5678, 1965.
7. Bresee, J. C. (Ed.), Geothermal Energy in Europe: The Soultz Hot Dry Project, 309 pp., Gordon and Breach, Montreux, 1992.
8. Brudy, M., M. D. Zoback, K. Fuchs, F. Rummel, and J. Baumgärtner, Estimation of the complete stress tensor to 8 km depth in the KTB scientific drill holes: Implications for crustal strength, J. Geophys. Res., this issue.
9. Bücker, C., Radiometrische Dichtebestimmung, in Methodenhandbuch, Band Geotechnik, Springer-Verlag, New York, in press, 1997.
10. Bücker, C., K. H. Eigner, E. Rauch, A. Rauen, J. Wienand, and K. E. Wolter, Tiefbohrung KTB Oberpfalz VB, Ergebnisse der geowissenschaftlichen Bohrungsbearbeitung im KTB-Feldlabor, Teufenbereich von 0 - 480 m: D. Geophysik, KTB Rep. 88-1, pp. D1-D42, Niedersächsisches Landesamt für Bodenforsch., Hannover, Germany, 1988.
11. Clauser, C., et al., The thermal regime of the crystalline crust: Implications from the KTB, J. Geophys. Res., this issue.
12. Conze, R., and A. Yazici, Electronic data processing at KTB, KTB Rep. 95-2, pp. F1-F13, Niedersächsisches Landesamt für Bodenforsch., Hannover, Germany, 1995.
13. de Wall, H., and H. Worm, Field dependence of magnetic anisotropy in pyrrhotite: Effects of texture and grain shape, Phys. Earth Planet. Inter., 76, 137-149, 1993.
14. de Wall, H., A. Kontny, and G. Friedrich, Magneto-mineralogical investigations on pyrrhotite from the KTB, in Contributions to the 8th annual KTB colloquium, edited by R. Emmermann, J. Lauterjung, and T. Umsonst, pp. 179-183, Institut für Geowissenschaften und Lithosphärenforschung, Universität Giessen, Giessen, Germany, 1995.
15. Dresen, G., J. Duyster, B. Stöckhert, R. Wirth, and G. Zulauf, Quartz dislocation microstructures between 7000 m and 9100 m depth from the Continental Deep Drilling Program KTB, J. Geophys. Res., this issue.
16. Duba, A., S. Heikamp, W. Meurer, G. Nover, and G. Will, Evidence from borehole samples for the role of accessory minerals in lower-crustal conductivity. Nature, 367, 59-61, 1994.
17. Duyster, J., et al., The lithological profile of the KTB Hauptbohrung 6000-7220 m: Report of the Field Laboratory, KTB Rep. 93-2, pp. A15-A63, Niedersächsisches Landesamt für Bodenforsch., Hannover, Germany, 1993.
18. Duyster, J., A. Grawinkel, and A. Kontny, Petrographic and structural characterization, KTB-Rep. 95-2, pp. B1-B80, Niedersächsisches Landesamt für Bodenforsch., Hannover, Germany, 1995.
19. ELEKTB Group, KTB and the electrical conductivity of the crust, J. Geophys. Res., this issue.
20. Emmermann, R., and J. Lauterjung, The German Continental Deep Drilling Program KTB: Overview and major results, J. Geophys. Res., this issue.
21. Freund, D., and G. Nover, Hydrostatic pressure tests for the permeability-formation factor relation on crystalline rocks from the KTB Drilling Project, Surv. Geophys., 16, 47-62, 1995.
22. Friedrich, D., Gefügeuntersuchungen an Amphiboliten der Böhmischen Masse unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Anisotropie der magnetischen Suszeptibilität, Ph.D. thesis, 122 pp., Math.-Naturwiss. Fachbereiche, Univ. Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany, 1994.
23. Haack, U., Radioactive isotopes in rocks, in Physical Properties of Rocks, Landolt-Börnstein, New Series, vol. V/1b, edited by G. Angenheister, pp. 433-560, Springer-Verlag, New York, 1982.
24. Haack, U., E. Gohn, C. Bücker, and G. Zoth, Radiogenic heat production measured by laboratory and borehole methods, a comparison, Sci. Drill., 1, 211-216, 1990.
25. Haak, V., Electrical resistivity studies in the vicinity of the KTB drill site, Oberpfalz, in The German Continental Deep Drilling Program (KTB), edited by R. Emmermann and J. Wohlenberg, pp. 223-241, Springer-Verlag, New York, 1989.
26. Haak, V., J. Stoll, and H. Winter, Why is the electrical resistivity around the KTB hole so low?, Phys. Earth Planet. Inter., 66, 12-23, 1991.
27. Haenel, R. (Ed.), The Urach Geothermal Project (Swabian Alb, Germany), 419 pp., Schweitzerbart, Stuttgart, Germany, 1982.
28. Hirschmann, G., and M. Lapp, Evaluation of the structural geology of the KTB Hauptbohrung (KTB Oberpfalz HB), KTB Rep. 94-1, pp. 285-308, Niedersächsisches Landesamt für Bodenforsch., Hannover, Germany, 1994.
29. Hudson, J. A., Wave speeds and attenuation of elastic waves in material containing cracks, Geophys. J. R. Astron. Soc., 64, 133-150, 1981.
30. Huenges, E., J. Wienand, and G. Nover, KTB pilot hole: Permeability profile, KTB Rep. 90-8, pp. 11-16, Niedersächsisches Landesamt für Bodenforschung, Hannover, Germany, 1990.
31. Huenges, E., B. Engeser, J. Erzinger, W. Kessels, and J. Kück, The permeable crust: Geohydraulic properties down to 9100 m depth, J. Geophys. Res., this issue.
32. Jahns, E., S. Siegesmund, and T. Chlupác, In situ seismic velocities versus laboratory measurements: An example from KTB, Sci. Drill., 4, 215-226, 1994.
33. Jahns, E., W. Rabbel, and S. Siegesmund, Quantified seismic anisotropy at different scales: A case study from the KTB crustal segment, Z. Geol. Wiss., 24, 729-740, 1996.
34. Jelinek, V., Characterization of the magnetic fabric of rocks, Tectonophysics, 79, T63-T67, 1981.
35. Just, A., T. Küpper, D. Kürschner, and F. Jacobs, Electrical Resistivity Tomography on Model Bodies and Drill Cores of the KTB, in Contributions to the 8th annual KTB colloquium, edited by R. Emmermann, J. Lauterjung, and T. Umsonst, pp. 161-164, Institut für Geowissenschaften und Lithosphärenforschung, Universität Giessen, Giessen, Germany, 1995.
36. Kapicka, A., E. Petrovský, and J. Pohl, Magnetic anisotropy of the KTB pilot borehole rocks at in situ stress conditions, Sci. Drill., in press, 1997.
37. Kappelmeyer, O., and F. Rummel (Ed.), Terrestrial Heat from Impervious Rocks: Investigations in the Falkenberg Granite Massif, 252 pp., Geologisches Jahrbuch, Reihe E, 39, Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe, Hannover, Germany, 1987.
38. Kern, H., P- and S-wave velocities in crustal and mantle rocks at the simultaneous action of high confining pressure and high temperature and the effect of the rock micro-structure, in High Pressure Researches in Geoscience, edited by W. Schreyer, pp. 15-45, Schweizerbart, Stuttgart, Germany, 1982.
39. Kern, H., and R. Schmidt, Physical properties of KTB core samples at simulated in situ conditions, Sci. Drill., 1, 217-223, 1990.
40. Kern, H., R. Schmidt, and T. Popp, The velocity and density structure of the 4000 m crustal segment at the KTB drilling site and their relationship to lithological and microstructural characteristics of the rocks: An experimental approach, Sci. Drill., 2, 130-145, 1991.
41. Kern, H., T. Popp, and R. Schmidt, The effect of a deviatoric stress on physical rock properties: An experimental study simulating the in-situ stress field at the KTB drilling site, Germany, Surv. Geophys., 15, 467-479, 1994.
42. Kessels, W., and J. Kück, Hydraulic communication in crystalline rocks between the two boreholes of the Continental Deep Drilling Programme in Germany, Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci. Geomech. Abstr., 32 (1), 37-47, 1995.
43. Kissin, S. A., and S. D. Scott, Phase relations involving pyrrhotite below 350°C, Econ. Geol., 77, 1739-1754, 1982.
44. Kontny, A., and H. de Wall, Magnetite in marble-bearing amphibolites-Formation of magnetite, KTB Rep. 94-2, p. B70, Niedersächsisches Landesamt für Bodenforsch., Hannover, Germany, 1994.
45. Kontny, A., and A. Rauen, Dependency of rock magnetic behaviour on the distribution of magnetic minerals in the KTB rocks, in Contributions to the 8th annual KTB colloquium, edited by R. Emmermann, J. Lauterjung, and T. Umsonst, pp. 173-178, Institut für Geowissenschaften und Lithosphärenforschung, Universität Giessen, Giessen, Germany, 1995.
46. Kontny, A., H. de Wall, and T. Sharp, Mechanismen der Gitterumwandlung von hexagonalem zu monoklinem Pyrrhotin: Ergebnisse von mikrostrukturellen und magnetischen Untersuchungen an Pyrrhotinen der KTB Bohrung, Eur. J. Mineral., 8, Beih., 154, 1996.
47. Kontny, A., G. Friedrich, H. J. Behr, H. de Wall, E. E. Horn, P. Möller, and G. Zulauf, Ore mineral forming processes in the metamorphic rocks of the German continental deep drilling site (KTB), J. Geophys. Res., this issue.
48. Kozlovsky, Y. A. (Ed.), The Superdeep Well of the Kola Peninsula, 558 pp., Springer-Verlag, New York, 1987.
49. Lachenbruch, A. H., Preliminary geothermal model of the Sierra Nevada, J. Geophys. Res., 73, 6977-6989, 1968.
50. Lienert, M., and H. Berckhemer, Comparison of P wave velocities in the KTB borehole and in drill cores, Sc. Drill., in press, 1997.
51. Mayer, P., R. Tietz, C. Flechsig, and F. Jacobs, Anomaly separation in ultrasonic tomography on KTB drill cores, in Contributions to the 8th annual KTB colloquium, edited by R. Emmermann, J. Lauterjung, and T. Umsonst, pp. 126-129, Institut für Geowisseaschaften und Lithosphärenforschung, Universität Giessen, Giessen, Germany, 1995.
52. Nover, G., and G. Will, Laboratory measurements on KTB core samples: Complex resistivity, zeta potential, permeability and density as a tool for the detection of flow phenomena. Sci. Drill., 2, 90-100, 1991.
53. Nover, G., S. Heikamp, A. Kontny, and A. Duba, The effect of pressure on the electrical conductivity of KTB rocks, Surv. Geophys., 16, 63-81, 1995.
54. Nur, A., and G. Simmons, The effect of saturation on velocity in low porosity rocks. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 7, 183-193, 1969.
55. O'Brien, P., J. Duyster, G. Grauert, W. Schreyer, B. Stöckhert, and K. Weber, Crustal evolution of the KTB drill site: From oldest relics to the late Hercynian granites, J. Geophys. Res., this issue.
56. O'Connell, R. J., and B. Budiansky, Seismic velocity in dry and saturated cracked solids, J. Geophys. Res., 79, 5412-5426, 1974.
57. Pechnig, R., G. Zimmermann, S. Haverkamp, J. Wohlenberg, and H. Burkhardt, Integrated log interpretation in the German Continental Deep Drilling Program: Lithology, porosity, and fracture zones, J. Geophys. Res., this issue.
58. Pohl, J., T. Pätzold, C. Rolf, H. C. Soffel, and H. U. Worm, A rock magnetic log of the KTB pilot borehole, Sci. Drill., 2, 120-129, 1991.
59. Popp, T., and H. Kern, The influence of dry and water saturated cracks on seismic velocities of crustal rocks: A comparison of experimental data with theoretical models, Surv. Geophys., 15, 443-465, 1994.
60. Prasad, M., M. H. Manghnani, and S. Siegesmund, Compressional wave velocity and quality factor characteristics of selected KTB core samples, Sci. Drill., 4, 227-232, 1994.
61. Pribnow, D. F. C., and J. H. Sass, Determination of thermal conductivity for deep boreholes, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 9981-9994, 1995.
62. Pribnow, D., C. Bücker, A. Rauen, E. Spangenberg, J. Wienand, and H. C. Soffel, KTB Hauptbohrung, results of Geoscientific Investigation in the KTB Field Laboratory, 0-6000 m: D. Geophysics, KTB Rep. 92-2, pp. D1-D42, Niedersächsisches Landesamt für Bodenforsch., Hannover, Germany, 1992.
63. Pros, Z., Investigation of anisotropy of elastic properties of rocks on spherical samples at high hydrostatic pressures (in Russian), in High Pressure and Temperature Studies of Physical Properties of Rocks and Minerals, pp. 56-67, Naukova Dumka, Kiev, Ukraine, 1977.
64. Pucher, R., Pyrrhotite-induced aeromagnetic anomalies in western Germany, J. Appl. Geophys., 32, 33-42, 1994.
65. Rabbel, W., Seismic Anisotropy at the KTB drilling site, KTB Rep. 92-5, pp. 275-290, Niedersächsisches Landesamt für Bodenforsch., Hannover, Germany, 1992.
66. Rabbel, W., Seismic anisotropy at the Continental deep drilling site (Germany), Tectonophysics, 232, 329-341, 1994.
67. Rauen, A., Untersuchungen des komplexen elektrischen Widerstandes, insbesondere dessen Anisotropie und Frequenzabhängigkeit, von Proben des Kontinentalen Tiefbohrprogramms der Bundesrepublik Deutschland (KTB), Ph.D. thesis, 164 pp., Fak. für Geowiss., Univ. München, Munich, Germany, 1991.
68. Rauen, A., Elektrische Leitfähigkeit in der Kontinentalen Tiefbohrung - Labormessungen an einem Kern aus der Störungszone in 7012 m Tiefe, in Proceedings of 15th Colloquium "Elektromagnetische Tiefenforschung" in Höchst/Odenwald edited by K. Bahr and A. Junge, pp. 354-360, Institut für Geophysik der Univ. Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany, 1994.
69. Rauen, A., and M. Lastovickova, Investigation of electrical anisotropy by the deep borehole KTB, Surv. Geophys., 16, 37-46, 1995.
70. Rauen, A., and H. C. Soffel, Determination of electrical resistivity, its anisotropy and heterogeneity on drill cores: A new method, Geophys. Prospect., 43, 283-298, 1995.
71. Rauen, A., and H. Winter, KTB Hauptbohrung, Results of Geoscientific Investigation in the KTB Field Laboratory, Final Report: 0 - 9101 m: Petrophysical properties, KTB Rep. 95-2, pp. D1-D45, Niedersächsisches Landesamt für Bodenforsch., Hannover, Germany, 1995.
72. Rauen, A., J. Duyster, S. Heikamp, A. Kontny, G. Nover, and T. Röckel, Electrical conductivity of a KTB core from 7000 m: Effects of cracks and ore minerals, Sci. Drill., 4, 197-206, 1994.
73. Röckel, T., Der Spannungszustand in der Erdkruste am Beispiel der KTB Tiefbohrungen, Veröff. Inst. für Bodenmech. und Felsmech. der Univ. Friedericiana, 137, 115 pp., Karlsruhe, Germany, 1996.
74. Röckel, T., O. Natau, and H.-G. Dietrich, Core reorientation by comparison of core instabilities and borehole instabilities, KTB Rep. 92-2, pp. F1-F17, Niedersächsisches Landesamt für Bodenforsch., Hannover, Germany, 1992.
75. Röhr, C. J. Kohl, W. Hacker, S. Keyssner, H. Müller, J. Sigmund, A. Stroh, and G. Zulauf, German Continental Deep Drilling Program (KTB): Geological survey of the pilot hole "KTB Oberpfalz VB", KTB Rep. 90-8, pp. B1-B55, Niedersächsisches Landesamt für Bodenforsch., Hannover, Germany, 1990.
76. Rybach, L., Amounts and significance of radioactive heat sources in sediments, in Thermal Modeling in Sedimentary Basins, edited by J. Burrus, pp. 311-322, Collections Colloques et Seminaires, 44, Editions Techn., Paris, France, 1986.
77. Schmoll, J., R. Bittner, H.-J. Dürbaum, T. Heinrichs, R. Meissner, C. Reichert, T. Rühl, and H. Wiederhold, Oberpfalz deep seismic reflection survey and velocity studies, in The German Continental Deep Drilling Program (KTB), edited by R. Emmermann and J. Wohlenberg, pp. 99-149, Springer-Verlag, New York, 1989.
78. Schoenberg, M., and J. Douma, Elastic wave propagation in media with parallel fractures and ligned cracks, Geophys. Prospect., 36, 571-590, 1988.
79. Schult, A., and G. Shi, Hydration swelling of crystalline rocks, Geophys. J. Int., in press, 1997.
80. Schwarz, E. J., Magnetic properties of pyrrhotite and their use in applied geology and geophysics, Can. Geol. Surv. Pap., 74-59, 24 pp., 1975.
81. Siegesmund, S., The significance of rock fabrics for the interpretation of geophysical anisotropies, Geotekt. Forsch., 85, 1-123, 1996.
82. Siegesmund, S., A. Vollbrecht, and K. Weber, Gefügekundliche Untersuchungen im KTB, Geowissenschaften, 9, 287-294, 1990.
83. Siegesmund, S., A. Vollbrecht, T. Chlupac, G. Nover, H. Dürrast, J. Müller, and K. Weber, Fabric-controlled anisotropy of petrophysical properties observed in KTB core samples. Sci. Drill., 4, 31-54, 1993a.
84. Siegesmund, S., A. Vollbrecht, and Z. Pros, Fabric changes and their influences on P-wave velocity patterns: Examples from a polyphase deformed orthogneisses, Tectonophysics, 225, 477-492, 1993b.
85. Soffel, H. C., S. Plaumann, R. Pucher, C. Bücker, H. J. Götze, M. Wagener, and V. Haak, Gravity and magnetic investigations at the KTB locations Schwarzwald and Oberpfalz, in The German Continental Deep Drilling Program (KTB), edited by R. Emmermann and J. Wohlenberg, pp. 409-431, Springer-Verlag, New York, 1989.
86. Soffel, H. C., C. Bücker, H. Gebrande, E. Huenges, E. Lippmann, J. Pohl, A. Rauen, A. Schult, K. M. Streit, and J. Wienand, Physical parameters measured on cores and cuttings from the pilot well (0-4000.1 m) of the German Continental Deep Drilling Program (KTB) in the Oberpfalz area, Bavaria, Federal Republic of Germany, Surv. Geophys., 13, 1-34, 1992.
87. Teufel, L. W., Determination of in situ stress from anelastic strain recovery measurements of orientated cores, paper presented at Symposium SPE/DOE 11649, Denver, Colo., pp. 421-430, 1983.
88. Van Olphen, H., An Introduction to Clay Colloid Chemistry, 2nd ed., 318 pp., Wiley-Intersci., New York, 1977.
89. Vernik, L., and A. Nur, Petrophysical analysis of the Cajon Pass scientific well: Implications for fluid flow and seismic studies in the continental crust, J. Geophys. Res., 97, 5121-5134, 1992.
90. Vollbrecht, A., H. Dürrast, J. Kraus, and K. Weber, Paleo-stress direction deduced from microcrack fabrics in KTB core samples and exposed granites from the surrounding field, Sci. Drill., 4, 233-242, 1994.
91. Wagner, G. A., et al., Post-variscan thermal and tectonic evolution of the KTB site and its surroundings, J. Geophys. Res., this issue.
92. Winter, H., and D. Pribnow, Radioactive elements and heat production rate in the KTB, in Contributions to the 8th annual KTB colloquium, edited by R. Emmermann, J. Lauterjung, and T. Umsonst, pp. 205-209, Institut für Geowissenschaften und Lithosphärenforschung, Universität Giessen, Giessen, Germany, 1995.
93. Wolter, K., and H. Berckhemer, Time dependent strain recovery of cores from the KTB-deep drill hole, Rock Mech. Rock Eng., 22, 273-287, 1989.
94. Worm, H. U., and C. Rolf, Remanent magnetization of KTB drill cores, Sci. Drill., 4, 185-196, 1994.
95. Zang, A., K. Wolter, and H. Berckhemer, Strain recovery, microcracks and elastic anisotropy of drill cores from the KTB deep well, Sci. Drill., 1, 115-126, 1989.
96. Zang, A., H. Berckhemer, and M. Lienert, Crack closure pressure inferred from ultrasonic drill-core measurements to 8 km depth in the KTB wells, Geophys. J. Int., 124, 657-674, 1996.
97. Zinke, J., Mikrorißuntersuchungen an KTB Bohrkemen: Beziehungen zu den elastischen Gesteinsparametern, Frankf. Geowiss. Arb., A-13, 204 pp., Univ. Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany, 1996.
98. Zoback, M. D., and J. D. Byerlee, The effect of microcrack dilatancy on the permeability of Westerly Granite, J. Geophys. Res., 80, 752-755, 1975.