Use of wild relatives to improve salt tolerance in wheat

Journal of Experimental Botany

Volumn 57, Issue 5, 2006, Pages 1059-1078

  Colmer, Timothy D ^a   Flowers, Timothy J ^a,b   Munns, Rana ^a,c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF WESTERN AUSTRALIA   (Australia)

^b UNIVERSITY OF SUSSEX   (United Kingdom)

^c CSIRO   (Australia)

Author keywords

Aegilops; Agropyron; Halophyte; Hordeum; K+ Na+ selectivity; Lophopyrum; Na+ exclusion; Potassium; Salinity; Sodium; Stress tolerance; Synthetic hexaploid; Tall wheatgrass; Thinopyrum; Triticeae; Triticum; Wild relatives

Indexed keywords

CHROMOSOMES; CONCENTRATION (PROCESS); GENES; POSITIVE IONS; POTASSIUM; SALTS; SODIUM; SODIUM CHLORIDE; TISSUE;

AEGILOPS; AGROPYRON; HALOPHYTE; K+/NA+ SELECTIVITY; LOPHOPYRUM; NA+ EXCLUSION; SYNTHETIC HEXAPLOID; THINOPYRUM; TRITICEAE; TRITICUM;

PLANTS (BOTANY);

SODIUM CHLORIDE;

CHIMERA; CLASSIFICATION; CONFERENCE PAPER; CROSS BREEDING; GENETIC ENGINEERING; GENETICS; GENOME; GROWTH, DEVELOPMENT AND AGING; METABOLISM; METHODOLOGY; POACEAE; POLYPLOIDY; TRANSGENIC PLANT; WHEAT;

CHIMERA; CROSSES, GENETIC; GENETIC ENGINEERING; GENOME, PLANT; PLANTS, GENETICALLY MODIFIED; POACEAE; POLYPLOIDY; SODIUM CHLORIDE; TRITICUM;

AEGILOPS; AGROPYRON; HORDEUM; HORDEUM VULGARE SUBSP. VULGARE; LOPHOPYRUM ELONGATUM; POACEAE; THINOPYRUM; TRITICEAE; TRITICUM; TRITICUM AESTIVUM; TRITICUM TURGIDUM; TRITICUM TURGIDUM SUBSP. DURUM;

EID: 33645027873     PISSN: 00220957     EISSN: 14602431     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erj124     Document Type: Conference Paper

References (139)

1. ABS. 2005. Agricultural Bureau of Statistics, http//www.abs.gov.au/ Ausstats/abs@.nsf/Lookup/F59529C371A21F55CA256DB800783A4F).
2. Appels R, Lagudah ES. 1990. Manipulation of chromosomal segments from wild wheat for the improvement of bread wheat. Australian Journal of Plant Physiology 17, 253-366.
3. Aronson JA. 1989. HALOPH A data base of salt tolerant plants of the world. Tucson, Arizona: Office of Arid Land Studies, University of Arizona, 77.
4. Barrett-Lennard EG. 2003. The interaction between waterlogging and salinity in higher plants: causes, consequences and implications. Plant and Soil 253, 35-54.
5. Boursier P, Lauchli A. 1989. Mechanism of chloride partitioning in the leaves of salt-stressed Sorghum bicolor L. Physiologia Plantarum 77, 537-544.
6. Charpentier A. 1992. Production of disomic addition lines and partial amphiploids of Thinopyrum junceum on wheat. Comptes Rendus de l' Academie des Sciences 315 (III), 551-557.
7. Chen PD, Tsujimoto H, Gill B. 1994. Transfer of PhI gene promoting homoeologous pairing from Triticum speltoides into common wheat and their utilization in alien genetic introgression. Theoretical and Applied Genetics 88, 97-101.
8. Chen SY, Xia GM, Quan TY, Xiang FN, Yin J, Chen HM. 2004. Introgression of salt-tolerance from somatic hybrids between common wheat and Thinopyrum ponticum. Plant Science 167, 773-779.
9. Colmer TD, Epstein E, Dvořák J. 1995. Differential solute regulation in leaf blades of various ages in salt-sensitive wheat and a salt-tolerant wheatxLohopyrum elongatum (Host) A Love amphiploid. Plant Physiology 108, 1715-1724.
10. Colmer TD, Garthwaite AJ, Islam AKMR, Islam S, Malik AI, von Bothmer R. 2005b. Salinity and waterlogging tolerance in wild Hordeum species: physiological basis and prospects for use in cereal improvement. In: Li CJ et al., eds. Plant nutrition for food security, human health and environmental protection. Beijing, China: Tsinghua University Press, 8-9.
11. Colmer TD, Munns R, Flowers TJ. 2005a. Improving salt tolerance of wheat and barley: future prospects. Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 45, 1425-1443.
12. Cramer GR. 2003. Differential effects of salinity on leaf elongation kinetics of three grass species. Plant and Soil 253, 233-244.
13. Datta KS, Kumar A, Varma SK, Angrish R. 1995. Differentiation of chloride and sulphate salinity on the basis of ionic distribution in genetically diverse cultivars of wheat. Journal of Plant Nutrition 18, 2199-2212.
14. Davenport R, James RA, Zakrisson-Plogander A, Tester M, Munns R. 2005. Control of sodium transport in durum wheat. Plant Physiology 137, 807-818.
15. + selectivity under salt stress. Euphytica 108, 193-198.
16. Dewey DR. 1960. Salt tolerance of twenty-five strains of Agropyron. Agronomy Journal 52, 631-635.
17. Dreccer MF, Ogbonnaya FC, Borgognone MG. 2004. Sodium exclusion in primary synthetic wheats. In: Black CK, Panozzo JF, Rebetzke GJ, eds. Proceedings of the 54th Australian Cereal Chemistry Conference and 11th Wheat Breeders Assembly, September, 2004. Canberra Cereal Chemistry Division, RACI, 118-121.
18. Dubcovsky J, Santa-Maria G, Epstein E, Luo M-C, Dvořák J. 1996. Mapping of the K/Na discrimination locus Kna1 in wheat. Theoretical and Applied Genetics 92, 448-454.
19. Dvořák J. 1980. Homoeology between Agropyron elongatum chromosomes and Triticum aestivum chromosomes. Canadian Journal of Genetics and Cytology 22, 237-259.
20. Dvořák J, Chen KC. 1984. Phylogenetic relationships between chromosomes of wheat and chromosome 2E of Elytrigia elongata. Canadian Journal of Genetics and Cytology 26, 128-132.
21. Dvořák J, Edge M, Ross K. 1988. On the evolution of the adaptation of Lophopyrum elongatum to growth in saline environments. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA 85, 3805-3809.
22. + discrimination from Triticum aestivum. Gemone 35, 639-646.
23. Dvořák J, Knott DR. 1974. Disomic and diteleosomic additions of diploid Agropyron elongatum chromosomes to Triticum aestivum. Canadian Journal of Genetics and Cytology 16, 399-417.
24. Dvořák J, Noaman MM, Goyal S, Gorham J. 1994. Enhancement of the salt tolerance of Triticum turgidum L by the Kna1 locus transferred from Triticum aestivum L. chromosome 4D by homoeologous recombination. Theorectical and Applied Genetics 87, 872-877.
25. 2- ions and sea water in the amphiploid of Triticum aestivumxElytrigia elongata. Crop Science 26, 658-660.
26. Dvořák J, Sosulski FW. 1974. Effects of additions and substitutions of Agropyron elongatum chromosomes on quantitative characters in wheat. Canadian Journal of Genetics and Cytology 16, 627-637.
27. Farooq S. 2002. Aegilops ovata: a potential gene source for improvement of salt tolerance of wheat. In: Ahmad R, Malik KA, eds. Prospects for saline agriculture, Vol. 37. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 123-130.
28. Farooq S. 2004. Salt tolerance in Aegilops species: a success story from research and production to large-scale utilization of salt-tolerant wheats. In: Taha FS, Ismaial S, Jaradat A, eds. Prospects of saline agriculture in the Arabian peninsula. Massachusetts: Amheerst Scientific Publishers, 121-134.
29. Farooq S, Asghar M, Iqbal N, Askari E, Arif M, Shah TM. 1995. Production of salt-tolerant wheat germplasm through crossing cultivated wheat with Aegilops cylindrica. II. Field evaluation of salt-tolerant germplasm. Cereal Research Communications 23, 275-282.
30. Farooq S, Iqbal N, Asghar M, Shah TM. 1992a. Intergeneric hybridization for wheat improvement. VI. Production of salt-tolerant germplasm through crossing wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) with Aegilops cylindrica and its significance in practical agriculture. Journal of Genetics and Breeding 46, 125-132.
31. Farooq S, Iqbal N, Asghar M, Shah TM. 1992b. Intergeneric hybridization for wheat improvement. IV. Expression of salt tolerance gene(s) of Aegilops cylindrica in hybrids with hexaploid wheat. Cereal Research Communications 20, 111-118.
32. Farooq S, Niazi MLK, Iqbal N, Shah TM. 1989. Salt tolerance potential of wild resources of the tribe Triticeae. II. Screening of species of the genus Aegilops. Plant and Soil 119, 255-260.
33. Farooq S, Shah TM, Askar IE, Zaidi AA, Arif M, Iqbal N. 1994. Identification of different wheat genotypes through polymorphism based on random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD). Pakistan Journal of Botany 26, 373-382.
34. Fedak G. 1999. Molecular aids for integration of alien chromatin through wide crosses. Genome 42, 584-591.
35. Feldman M, Sears ER. 1981. The wild genetic resources of wheat. Scientific American 244, 102-112.
36. Flowers TJ. 2004. Improving crop salt tolerance. Journal of Experimental Botany 55, 307-319.
37. Forster B, Miller T. 1985. A 5B deficient hybrid between Triticum aestivum and Agropyron junceum. Cereal Research Communications 13, 93-95.
38. Forster BP. 1994. Cytogenetic manipulations in the Triticeae. In: Yeo AR, Flowers TJ, eds, Soil mineral stresses: approaches to crop improvement, Vol. 21. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 61-82.
39. Forster BP, Gorham J, Miller TE. 1987. Salt tolerance of an amphiploid between Triticum aestivum and Agropyron junceum. Plant Breeding 98, 1-8.
40. Forster BP, Miller TE, Law CN. 1988. Salt tolerance of two wheat-Agropyron junceum disomic addition lines. Genome 30, 559-564.
41. Forster BP, Phillips MS, Miller TE, Baird E, Powell W. 1990. Chromosome location of genes controlling tolerance to salt (NaCl) and vigour in Hordeum vulgare and H. chilense. Heredity 65, 99-107.
42. Francois LE, Maas EV, Donovan TJ, Youngs VL. 1986. Effect of salinity on grain-yield and quality, vegetative growth, and germination of semi-dwarf and durum-wheat. Agronomy Journal 78, 1053-1058.
43. Galvez AF, Gulick PJ, Dvořák J. 1993. Characterization of the early stages of genetic salt-stress responses in salt-tolerant Lophopyrum elongatum, salt-sensitive wheat, and their amphiploid. Plant Physiology 103, 257-265.
44. Garthwaite AJ, von Bothmer R, Colmer TD. 2003. Diversity in root aeration traits associated with waterlogging tolerance in the genus Hordeum. Functional Plant Biology 30, 875-889.
45. - into the shoots. Journal of Experimental Botany 56, 2365-2378.
46. Ghassemi F, Jakeman AJ, Nix HA. 1995. Salinization of land and water resources. Human causes, extent, management and case studies. Sydney: University of New South Wales.
47. Gill RS, Dhaliwal HS, Multani DS. 1988. Synthesis and evaluation of Triticum durum-T. monococcum amphiploids. Theoretical and Applied Genetics 75, 912-916.
48. Gorham J. 1990a. Salt tolerance in the Triticeae: K/Na discrimination in Aegilops species. Journal of Experimental Botany 41, 615-621.
49. Gorham J. 1990b. Salt tolerance in the Triticeae: K/Na discrimination in synthetic hexaploid wheats. Journal of Experimental Botany 41, 623-627.
50. Gorham J. 1993. Genetics and physiology of enhanced K/Na discrimination. In: Randall PJ, Delhaize E, Richards RA, Munns R, eds, Genetic aspects of plant mineral nutrition. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 151-158.
51. Gorham J. 1994. Salt tolerance in the Triticeae: K/Na discrimination in some perennial wheatgrasses and their amphiploids with wheat. Journal of Experimental Botany 45, 441-447.
52. + discrimination in wheat. New Phytologist 137, 109-116.
53. Gorham J, Bristol A, Young EM, Wyn Jones RG. 1991. The presence of the enhanced K/Na discrimination trait in diploid Triticum species. Theoretical and Applied Genetics 82, 729-736.
54. Gorham J, Bristol A, Young EM, Wyn Jones RG, Kashour G. 1990a. Salt tolerance in the Triticeae: K/Na discrimination in barley. Journal of Experimental Botany 41, 1095-1101.
55. Gorham J, Budrewicz E, McDonnell E, Wyn Jones RG. 1986a. Salt tolerance in the Triticeae: salinity induced changes in the leaf solute composition of some perennial Triticeae. Journal of Experimental Botany 37, 1114-1128.
56. Gorham J, Forster BP, Budrewicz E, Wyn Jones RG, Miller TE, Law CN. 1986b. Salt tolerance in the Triticeae: solute accumulation and distribution in an amphidiploid derived from Triticum aestivum cv. Chinese Spring and Thinopyrum bessarabicum. Journal of Experimental Botany 37, 1435-1449.
57. Gorham J, Hardy C, Wyn Jones RG, Joppa LR, Law CN. 1987. Chromosomal location of a K/Na discrimination character in the D genome of wheat. Theoretical and Applied Genetics 74, 584-588.
58. Gorham J, McDonnell E, Budrewicz E, Wyn Jones RG. 1985. Salt tolerance in the Triticeae: growth and solute accumulation in leaves of Thinopyrum bessarabicum. Journal of Experimental Botany 36, 1021-1031.
59. Gorham J, McDonnell E, Wyn Jones RG. 1984. Salt tolerance in the Triticeae: Leymus sabulosus. Journal of Experimental Botany 35, 1200-1209.
60. Gorham J, Wyn Jones RG. 1993. Utilization of Triticeace for improving salt tolerance in wheat. In: Masoom, HLA, ed. Towards the rational use of high salinity tolerant plants, Vol. 2. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 27-34.
61. + discrimination in the D genome of wheat. Planta 180, 590-597.
62. Greenway H, Rogers A. 1963. Growth and ion uptake of Agropyron elongatum on saline substrates, as compared with a salt-tolerant variety of Hordeum vulgare. Plant and Soil 18, 21-30.
63. Greenway H, Munns R. 1980. Mechanisms of salt tolerance in non-halophytes. Annual Review of Plant Physiology 31, 149-190.
64. Greipsson S, Davy AJ. 1996. Sand accretion and salinity as constraints on the establishment of Leymus arenarius for land reclamation in Iceland. Annals of Botany 78, 611-618.
65. Hollington PA, Akhtar J, Aragues R, Hussain Z, Mahar AR, Quarrie SA, Qureshi RH, Royo A, Saqib M. 2002. Recent advances in the development of salinity and waterlogging tolerant bread wheats. In: Ahmad R, Malik KA, eds. Prospects for saline agriculture. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 83-99.
66. Husain S, Munns R, Condon AG. 2003. Effect of sodium exclusion trait on chlorophyll retention and growth of durum wheat in saline soil. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 54, 589-597.
67. Husain S, von Caemmerer S, Munns R. 2004. Control of salt transport from roots to shoots of wheat in saline soil. Functional Plant Biology 31, 1115-1126.
68. Islam AKMR, Shepherd KW. 1990. Incorporation of barley chromosomes into wheat. In: Bajaj YPS, ed. Biotechnology in agriculture and forestry, Vol. 13. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 128-151.
69. Islam AKMR, Shepherd KW. 1991. Alien genetic variation in wheat improvement. In: Gupta PK, Tsuchiya T, eds. Chromosome engineering in plants: genetics, breeding, evolution, Part A. Amsterdam: Elsevier Science Publishers, 291-312.
70. Islam AKMR, Shepherd KW, Sparrow DHB. 1981. Isolation and characterization of euplasmic wheat-barley chromosome addition lines. Heredity 46, 161-174.
71. Jiang J, Liu D. 1987. New Hordeum-Triticum hybrids. Cereal Research Communications 15, 95-100.
72. Kerby K, Kuspira J. 1987. The phylogeny of the polypoloid wheats Triticum aestivum (bread wheat) and Triticum durum (macaroni wheat). Genome 29, 722-737.
73. Khlestkina EK, Salina EA. 2001. Genome-specific markers of tetraploid wheats and their putative diploid progenitor species. Plant Breeding 120, 227-232.
74. King IP, Forster BP, Law CC, Cant KA, Orford SE, Gorham J, Reader S, Miller TE. 1997a. Introgression of salt-tolerance genes from Thinopyrum bessarabicum into wheat. New Phytologist 137, 75-81.
75. King IP, Law CN, Cant KA, Orford SE, Reader SM, Miller TE. 1997b. Tritipyrum, a potential new salt-tolerant cereal. Plant Breeding 116, 127-132.
76. Kingsbury R, Epstein E. 1984. Selection for salt-resistant spring wheat. Crop Science 24, 310-315.
77. Koebner RMD, Martin PK, Orford SM, Miller TE. 1996. Responses to salt stress controlled by the homoeologous group 5 chromosomes of hexaploid wheat. Plant Breeding 115, 81-84.
78. Limin AE, Fowler DB. 1982. The expression of cold hardiness in Triticum species amphiploids. Canadian Journal of Genetics and Cytology 24, 51-56.
79. Lindsay MP, Lagudah ES, Hare RA, Munns R. 2004. A locus for sodium exclusion (Nax1), a trait for salt tolerance, mapped in durum wheat. Functional Plant Biology 31, 1105-1114.
80. + selectivity gene Kna1 by sequential homoeologous recombination in durum wheat. Theoretical and Applied Genetics 93, 1180-1184.
81. Maas EV, Grieve CM. 1990. Spike and leaf development in salt-stressed wheat. Crop Science 30, 1309-1313.
82. Mahmood A, Quarrie SA. 1993. Effects of salinity on growth, ionic relations and physiological traits of wheat, disomic addition lines from Thinopyrum bessarabicum, and two amphiploids. Plant Breeding - Zeitschrift für Pflanzenzuchtung 110, 265-276.
83. Mano Y, Takeda K. 1998. Genetic resources of salt tolerance in wild Hordeum species. Euphytica 103, 137-141.
84. Marcum KB. 1999. Salinity tolerance mechanisms of grasses in the subfamily Chloridoideae. Crop Science 39, 1153-1160.
85. Martin A, Alvarez JB, Martin LM, Barro F, Ballesteros J. 1999. The development of tritordeum: a novel cereal for food processing. Journal of Cereal Science 30, 85-95.
86. McDonald MP, Galwey NW, Colmer TD. 2001. Waterlogging tolerance in the tribe Triticeae: the adventitious roots of Critesion marinum have a relatively high porosity and a barrier to radial oxygen loss. Plant, Cell and Environment 24, 585-596.
87. McFadden ES, Sears ER. 1946. The origin of Triticum spelta and its free-threshing hexaploid relatives. Journal of Heredity 37, 81-89.
88. McGuire GE, Dvořák J. 1981. High salt tolerance potential in wheatgrasses. Crop Science 21, 702-705.
89. McNeil D, Lagudah ES, Hohmann U, Appels R. 1994. Amplification of DNA sequences in wheat and its relatives: the Dgas44 and R350 families of repetitive sequences. Genome 37, 320-327.
90. Mujeeb-Kazi A, Diaz de Leon JL. 2002. Conventional and alien genetic diversity for salt tolerant wheats: focus on current status and new germplasm development. In: Ahmad R, Malik KA, eds. Prospects for saline agriculture, Vol. 37. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 69-82.
91. Mujeeb-Kazi A, Gorham J, Lopez-Cesati J. 1993. Use of wild Triticeae relatives for stress tolerance. In: Buxton DR, Shibles R, Forsberg RA, Blad BL, Asay KH, Paulsen GM, Wilson RF, eds. Madison WI, USA: Crop Science Society of America, 549-554.
92. Mujeeb-Kazi A, Rosas V, Roldan S. 1996. Conservation of the genetic variation of Triticum tauschii (Coss.) Schmalh. (Aegilops squarrosa auct. non L.) in synthetic hexaploid wheats (T. turgidum L. s. lat.xT. tauschii; 2n=6x=42, AABBDD) and its potential utilization for wheat improvement. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution 43, 129-134.
93. Munns R. 2005. Genes and salt tolerance: bringing them together. New Phytologist 167, 645-663.
94. Munns R, Hare RA, James RA, Rebetzke GJ. 2000. Genetic variation for improving the salt tolerance of durum wheat. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 51, 69-74.
95. Munns R, James RA. 2003. Screening methods for salinity tolerance: a case study with tetraploid wheat. Plant and Soil 253, 201-218.
96. Munns R, Rebetzke GJ, Husain S, James RA, Hare RA. 2003. Genetic control of sodium exclusion in durum wheat. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 54, 627-635.
97. Munns R, Schachtman DP, Condon AG. 1995. The significance of a two-phase growth response to salinity in wheat and barley. Australian Journal of Plant Physiology 22, 561-569.
98. Muntzing A. 1979. Triticale, results and problems. Berlin: Verlag-Paul-Parey.
99. Nevo E, Beiles A. 1989. Genetic diversity of wild emmer wheat in Israel and Turkey: structure, evolution and application in breeding. Theoretical and Applied Genetics 77, 421-455.
100. 22Na uptake in wild emmer wheat, Triticum dicoccoides in Israel: salt tolerance resources for wheat improvement. Journal of Experimental Botany 43, 511-518.
101. Nevo E, Krugman T, Beiles A. 1993. Genetic resources for salt tolerance in the wild progenitors of wheat (Triticum dicoccoides) and barley (Hordeum spontaneum) in Israel. Plant Breeding - Zeitschrift für Pflanzenzuchtung 110, 338-341.
102. Omielan JA, Epstein E, Dvořák J. 1991. Salt tolerance and ionic relations of wheat as affected by individual chromosomes of salt-tolerant Lophopyrum elongatum. Genome 34, 961-974.
103. Orton TJ. 1980. Comparison of salt tolerance between Hordeum vulgare and H. jubatum in whole plants and callus culture. Zeitschrift für Pflanzenphysiologie 98, 105-118.
104. Paterson AH, Tanksley SD, Sorrells ME. 1991. DNA markers in plant improvement. Advances in Agronomy 46, 39-90.
105. Pienaar RdeV. 1990. WheatxThinopyrum hybrids. In: Bajaj YPS, ed. Biotechnology in agriculture and forestry, Vol. 13. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 167-217.
106. Poustini K, Siosemardeh A. 2004. Ion distribution in wheat cultivars in response to salinity stress. Field Crops Research 85, 125-133.
107. + discrimination from Aegilops tauschii into a Triticum turgidum background. Cereal Research Communications 30, 261-267.
108. Rawson HM, Richards RA, Munns R. 1988. An examination of selection criteria for salt tolerance in wheat, barley and triticale genotypes. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 39, 759-772.
109. Rommel R, Jenkins BC. 1959. Amphiploids in Triticinae produced at the University of Manitoba from March 1958 to December 1959. Wheat Information Service 9/10, 23.
110. Royo A, Aragüés R. 1999. Salinity-yield response functions of barley genotypes assessed with a triple line source sprinkler system. Plant and Soil 209, 9-20.
111. Santa-Maria GE, Epstein E. 2001. Potassium/sodium selectivity in wheat and the amphiploid crossxLophopyrum elongatum. Plant Science 160, 523-534.
112. Schachtman DP. 1991. Physiology and genetics of sodium accumulation and salt tolerance in Triticum species. PhD thesis, Canberra: Australian National University.
113. Schachtman DP, Bloom AJ, Dvořák J. 1989. Salt-tolerant TriticumxLophopyrum derivatives limit the accumulation of sodium and chloride ions under saline stress. Plant, Cell and Environment 12, 47-55.
114. Schachtman DP, Lagudah ES, Munns R. 1992. The expression of salt tolerance from Triticum tauschii in hexaploid wheat. Theoretical and Applied Genetics 84, 714-719.
115. Schachtman DP, Munns R. 1992. Sodium accumulation in leaves of Triticum species that differ in salt tolerance. Australian Journal of Plant Physiology 19, 331-340.
116. Schachtman DP, Munns R, Whitecross MI. 1991. Variation in sodium exclusion and salt tolerance in Triticum tauschii. Crop Science 31, 992-997.
117. Sears ER. 1977. An induced mutant with homoeologous pairing in wheat. Canadian Journal of Genetics and Cytology 19, 585-593.
118. Sears ER. 1993. Use of radiation to transfer alien chromosome segments to wheat. Crop Science 33, 897-901.
119. Shah SH, Gorham J, Forster BP, Wyn Jones RG. 1987. Salt tolerance in the Triticeae: the contribution of the D-genome to cation selectivity in hexaploid wheat. Journal of Experimental Botany 38, 254-269.
120. Shannon MG. 1978. Testing salt tolerance variability among tall wheatgrass lines. Agricultural Journal 20, 719-722.
121. Shen W, Gomez-Cadenas A, Routly EL, Ho THD, Simmonds JA, Gulick PJ. 2001. The salt stress-inducible protein kinase gene, Esi47, from the salt-tolerant wheatgrass Lophopyrum elongatum is involved in plant hormone signaling. Plant Physiology 125, 1429-1441.
122. Storey R, Graham RD, Shepherd KW. 1985. Modification of the salinity response of wheat by the genome of Elytrygia elongatum. Plant and Soil 83, 327-330.
123. + transport in higher plants. Annals of Botany 91, 503-527.
124. Tsvelev NN. 1976. Tribe 3. Triticeae Dum. In: Tsvelev N, ed. Grasses of the Soviet Union. Leningrad: Nauka Publishers, 105-206.
125. Tuleen NA, Hart GE. 1988. Isolation and characterization of wheat-Elytrigia elongata chromosome 3E and 5E addition and substitution lines. Genome 30, 519-524.
126. van Slageren MW. 1994. Wild wheats: a monograph of Aegilops L. and Amblyopyrum (Jaub. and Spach) Eig (Poaceae). Wageningen: Wageningen Agriculture University.
127. von Bothmer R, Jacobsen N, Baden C, Jorgensen RB, Linde-Laursen I. 1995. An ecogeographical study of the genus Hordeum, 2nd edn. Rome: International Plant Genetic Resources Institute.
128. Wang RRC, Hsiao C. 1989. Genome relationship between Thinopyrum bessarabicum and T. elongatum: revisited. Genome 32, 802-809.
129. Wang RRC, Larson SR, Horton WH, Chatterton NJ. 2003a. Registration of W4909 and W4910 bread wheat germplasm lines with high salinity tolerance. Crop Science 43, 746-746.
130. Wang RRC, Li XM, Hu ZM, Zhang JY, Larson SR, Zhang XY, Grieve CM, Shannon MC. 2003b. Development of salinity-tolerant wheat recombinant lines from a wheat disomic addition line carrying a Thinopyrum junceum chromosome. International Journal of Plant Sciences 164, 25-33.
131. Weimberg R, Shannon MC. 1988. Vigor and salt tolerance in 3 lines of tall wheatgrass. Physiologia Plantarum 73, 232-237.
132. William MDHM, Mujeeb-Kazi A. 1995. Biochemical and molecular diagnostics of Thinopyrum bessarabicum chromosomes in Triticum aestivum germplasm. Theoretical and Applied Genetics 90, 952-956.
133. Wyn Jones RG, Gorham J. 1986. The potential for enhancing the salt tolerance of wheat and other important crops. Outlook on Agriculture 15, 33-39.
134. Xia G, Xiang F, Zhou A, Wang H, Chen H. 2003. Asymmetric somatic hybridization between wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and Agropyron elongatum (Host) Nevishi. Theoretical and Applied Genetics 107, 399-305.
135. Yeo AR, Flowers TJ. 1983. Varietal differences in the toxicity of sodium ions in rice leaves. Physiologia Plantarum 59, 189-195.
136. Yeo AR, Flowers TJ. 1986. Salinity resistance in rice (Oryza sativa L.) and a pyramiding approach to breeding varieties for saline soils. Australian Journal of Plant Physiology 13, 161-173.
137. 14C-ethane diol as a quantitative tracer for the transpirational volume flow of water and an investigation of the effects of salinity upon transpiration, net sodium accumulation and endogenous ABA in individual leaves of Oryza sativa L. Journal of Experimental Botany 36, 1099-1109.
138. b-genome chromosomes in Thinopyrum bessarabicum disomic addition lines of bread wheat. International Journal of Plant Science 163, 167-174.
139. Zhong GY, Dvořák J. 1995. Chromosomal control of the tolerance of gradually and suddenly imposed salt stress in the Lophopyrum elongatum and wheat, Triticum aestivum L., genomes. Theoretical and Applied Genetics 90, 229-236.