Polysomnographic characteristics in normal preschool and early school-aged children

Pediatrics

Volumn 117, Issue 3, 2006, Pages 741-753

  Montgomery Downs, Hawley E ^a   O'Brien, Louise M ^b   Gulliver, Tanya E ^c   Gozal, David ^b  

^a WEST VIRGINIA UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b University of Louisville School of Medicine   (United States)

^c JOHN HUNTER CHILDREN S HOSPITAL   (Australia)

Author keywords

Gas exchange; Reference values; Sleep architecture

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; BODY POSITION; CENTRAL SLEEP APNEA SYNDROME; CHILD; CLINICAL ARTICLE; CONTROLLED STUDY; END TIDAL CARBON DIOXIDE TENSION; FEMALE; HUMAN; LEG MOVEMENT; MALE; POLYSOMNOGRAPHY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REM SLEEP; SLEEP APNEA SYNDROME; SLEEP DISORDERED BREATHING; SLEEP PATTERN; SLEEP TIME; SUPINE POSITION; AROUSAL; BLOOD; BODY POSTURE; BREATHING; PHYSIOLOGY; PRESCHOOL CHILD; REFERENCE VALUE; SLEEP;

OXYGEN;

AROUSAL; CHILD; CHILD, PRESCHOOL; FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; OXYGEN; POLYSOMNOGRAPHY; POSTURE; REFERENCE VALUES; RESPIRATION; SLEEP;

EID: 33645021995     PISSN: 00314005     EISSN: 02105721     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1542/peds.2005-1067     Document Type: Article

References (50)

1. Stradling JR, Thomas G, Warley AR, Williams P, Freeland A. Effect of adenotonsillectomy on nocturnal hypoxaemia, sleep disturbance, and symptoms in snoring children. Lancet. 1990;335:249-253
2. Gozal D. Sleep-disordered breathing and school performance in children. Pediatrics. 1998;102:616-620
3. Gozal D, Pope DW. Snoring during early childhood and academic performance at ages 13-14 years. Pediatrics. 2001;107:1394-1399
4. Blunden S, Lushington K, Kennedy D. Cognitive and behavioural performance in children with sleep-related obstructive breathing disorders. Sleep Med Rev. 2001;5:447-461
5. Lewin DS, Rosen RC, England SJ, Dahl RE. Preliminary evidence of behavioral and cognitive sequelae of obstructive sleep apnea in children. Sleep Med. 2002;3:5-13
6. O'Brien LM, Holbrook CR, Mervis CB, et al. Sleep and neurobehavioral characteristics of 5- to 7-year-old children with parentally reported symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Pediatrics. 2003;111:554-563
7. Montgomery-Downs HE, Jones VF, Molfese VJ, Gozal D. Snoring in preschoolers: associations with sleepiness, ethnicity, and learning. Clin Pediatr (Phila). 2003;42:719-726
8. Montgomery-Downs HE, O'Brien LM, Holbrook R, Gozal D. Snoring and sleep-disordered breathing in young children: subjective and objective correlates. Sleep. 2004;27:87-94
9. O'Brien LM, Mervis CB, Holbrook CR, et al. Neurobehavioral correlates of sleep-disordered breathing in children. J Sleep Res. 2004;13:165-172
10. Archbold KH, Pituch KJ, Panahi P, Chervin RD. Symptoms of sleep disturbances among children at two general pediatrics clinics. J Pediatr. 2002;140:97-102
11. Gislason T, Benediktsdottier B. Snoring, apneic episodes, and nocturnal hypoxemia among children 6 months to 6 years old: an epidemiologic study of lower limit of prevalence. Chest. 1995;107:963-966
12. Reuveni H, Simon T, Tal A, Elhayany A, Tarasiuk A. Health care services utilization in children with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Pediatrics. 2002;110:68-72
13. Amin RS, Kimball TR, Bean JA, et al. Left ventricular hypertrophy and abnormal ventricular geometry in children and adolescents with obstructive sleep apnea. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2002;165:1395-1399
14. Amin RS, Kimball TR, Kalra M, et al. Left ventricular function in children with sleep-disordered breathing. Am J Cardiol. 2005;95:801-804
15. Rona JR, Li L, Gulliford MC, Chinn S. Disturbed sleep: effects of sociocultural factors and illness. Arch Dis Child. 1998;78:20-25
16. Chervin RD, Dillon JE, Bassetti C, Ganoczy DA, Pituch KJ. Symptoms of sleep disorders, inattention, and hyperactivity in children. Sleep. 1997;20:1187-1192
17. Aronen ET, Paavonen EJ, Fjällberg M, Soininen M, Törrönen J. Sleep and psychiatric symptoms in school-age children. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2000;39:502-508
18. Gottlieb DJ, Vezina RM, Chase C, et al. Symptoms of sleep-disordered breathing in 5-year-old children are associated with sleepiness and problem behaviors. Pediatrics. 2003;112:870-877
19. Goldstein NA, Post C, Rosenfeld RM, Campbell TF. Impact of tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy on child behavior. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1998;124:494-498
20. Friedman BC, Hendeles-Amitai A, Kozminsky E, et al. Adenotonsillectomy improves neurocognitive function in children with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Sleep. 2003;26:999-1005
21. Tarasiuk A, Simon T, Tal A, Reuveni H. Adenotonsillectomy in children with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome reduces health care utilization. Pediatrics. 2004;113:351-356
22. Montgomery-Downs HE, Crabtree VM, Gozal D. Cognition, sleep and respiration in at-risk children treated for obstructive sleep apnoea. Eur Respir J. 2005;25:336-342
23. Row BW, Kheirandish L, Neville JJ, Gozal D. Impaired spatial learning and hyperactivity in developing rats exposed to intermittent hypoxia. Pediatr Res. 2002;52:449-453
24. Kheirandish L, Gozal D, Pequignot JM, Pequignot J, Row BW. Intermittent hypoxia during development induces long-term alterations in spatial working memory, monoamines, and dendritic branching in rat frontal cortex. Pediatr Res. 2005;58:594-599
25. O'Brien LM, Gozal D. Neurocognitive dysfunction and sleep in children: from human to rodent. Pediatr Clin North Am. 2004;51:187-202
26. Coble PA, Kupfer DJ, Taska LS, Kane J. EEG sleep of normal healthy children. Part I: Findings using standard measurement methods. Sleep. 1984;7:289-303
27. Coble PA, Reynolds CF III, Kupfer DJ, Houck P. Electroencephalographic sleep of healthy children. Part II: findings using automated delta and REM sleep measurement methods. Sleep. 1987;10:551-562
28. Marcus CL, Omlin KJ, Basinski DJ, et al. Normal polysomnographic values for children and adolescents. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1992;156:1235-1239
29. Acebo C, Millman RP, Rosenberg C, Cavallo A, Carskadon M. Sleep, breathing, and cephalometrics in older children and young adults. Chest. 1996;109:664-674
30. Uliel S, Tauman R, Greenfeld M, Sivan Y. Normal polysomnographic respiratory values in children and adolescents. Chest. 2004;125:872-878
31. Stores G, Crawford C, Selman J, Wiggs L. Home polysomnography norms for children. Technol Health Care. 1998;6:231-236
32. Stores G, Crawford C. Arousal norms for children ages 5-16 years based on home polysomnography. Technol Health Care. 2000;8:285-290
33. Quan SF, Goodwin JL, Babar SI, Kaemingk KL, et al. Sleep architecture in normal Caucasian and Hispanic children aged 6-11 years recorded during unattended home polysomnography: experience from the Tucson Children's Assessment of Sleep Apnea Study (TuCASA). Sleep Med. 2003;2:13-19
34. Wong TK, Galster P, Lau TS, Lutz JM, Marcus CM. Reliability of scoring arousals in normal children and children with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Sleep. 2004;27:1139-1145
35. Urschitz MS, Wolff J, Von Einem V, Urschitz-Duprat PM, Schlaud M, Poets CF. Reference values for nocturnal home pulse oximetry during sleep in primary school children. Chest. 2003;123:96-101
36. American Thoracic Society. Standards and indications for cardiopulmonary sleep studies in children. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1996;153:866-878
37. O'Brien LM, Mervis CB, Holbrook CR, et al. Neurobehavioral implications of habitual snoring in children. Pediatrics. 2004;114:44-49
38. O'Brien LM, Tauman R, Gozal D. Sleep pressure correlates of cognitive and behavioral morbidity in snoring children. Sleep. 2004;27:279-282
39. Rechtschaffen A, Kales A, eds. A Manual of Standardized Terminology, Techniques and Scoring System for Sleep Stages of Human Subjects. Los Angeles, CA: Brain Information Services/Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles; 1968
40. EEG arousals: scoring rules and examples: a preliminary report from the Sleep Disorders Atlas Task Force of the American Sleep Disorders Association. Sleep. 1992;15:173-184
41. Atlas Task Force. Recording and scoring leg movements. Sleep. 1993;16:748-759
42. Goh DY, Galster P, Marcus CL. Sleep architecture and respiratory disturbances in children with obstructive sleep apnea. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2000;162:682-686
43. Tobias JD, Meyer DJ. Noninvasive monitoring of carbon dioxide during respiratory failure in toddlers and infants: end-tidal versus transcutaneous carbon dioxide. Anesth Analg. 1997;85:55-58
44. Friesen RH, Alswang M. End-tidal PCO2 monitoring via nasal cannulae in pediatric patients: accuracy and sources of error. J Clin Monit. 1996;12:155-159
45. Fukuda K, Ichinohe T, Kaneko Y. Is measurement of end-tidal CO2 through a nasal cannula reliable? Anesth Prog. 1997;44:23-26
46. Thoman ET, Acebo C. Monitoring of sleep in neonates and young children. In: Ferber R, Kryger M, eds. Principles and Practices of Sleep Medicine in the Child. Philadelphia, PA: WB Saunders; 1995
47. Scholle S, Scholle HC, Kemper A, et al. First night effect in children and adolescents undergoing polysomnography for sleep-disordered breathing. Clin Neurophysiol. 2003;114:2138-2145
48. Zucconi M, Calori G, Castronovo V, Ferini-Strambi L. Respiratory monitoring by means of an unattended device in children with suspected uncomplicated obstructive sleep apnea: a validation study. Chest. 2003;124:602-607
49. Tal A, Bar A, Liberman A, Tarasiuk A. Sleep characteristics following adenotonsillectomy in children with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Chest. 2003;124:948-953
50. Traeger N, Schultz B, Pollock AN, Mason T, Marcus CL, Arens R. Polysomnographic values in children 2-9 years old: additional data and review of the literature. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2005;40:22-30