Marketing ecotourism through the internet: An evaluation of selected ecolodges in Latin America and the Caribbean

Journal of Ecotourism

Volumn 4, Issue 3, 2005, Pages 143-160

  Lai, Po Hsin ^a   Shafer, Scott ^a  

^a TEXAS A AND M UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Ecolodge; Internet marketing; Sustainable ecotourism

Indexed keywords

ECOTOURISM; MARKETING; SUSTAINABILITY; TOURISM DEVELOPMENT;

ATLANTIC ISLANDS; ATLANTIC OCEAN; CARIBBEAN ISLANDS; LATIN AMERICA;

EID: 33644971636     PISSN: 14724049     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/JET.v4.i3.pg143     Document Type: Article

References (64)

1. American Marketing Association (2004) Dictionary of marketing terms. On WWW at http://www.marketingpower.com/live/mg-dictionary.php. Accessed 5.13.04.
2. Andreasen, A.R. (1995) Marketing Social Change - Changing Behavior to Promote Health, Social Development, and the Environment. San Francisco, CA: Jossey Bass.
3. Armstrong, E.K. and Weiler, B. (2002) Getting the message across: An analysis of messages delivered by tour operators in protected areas. Journal of Ecotourism 1 (2&3), 104-121.
4. Berg, B.L. (1995) Qualitative Research Methods for the Social Sciences. Boston, MA: Allyn and Bacon.
5. Blamey, R.K. (2001) Principles of ecotourism. In D.B. Weaver (ed.) The Encyclopedia of Ecotourism (pp. 5-22). New York, NY. CABI Publishing.
6. Blamey, R.K. and Braithwaite, V.A. (1997) A social values segmentation of the potential ecotourism market. Journal of Sustainable Tourism 5 (1), 29-45.
7. Bottrill, C.G. and Pearce, D.G. (1995) Ecotourism: Towards a key elements approach to operationalising the concept. Journal of Sustainable Tourism 3 (1), 45-54.
8. Brandon, K. (1996) Ecotourism and Conservation: A Review of Key Issues. Washington, DC: World Bank.
9. Brandon, K. and Margoluis, R. (1996) The bottom line: Getting biodiversity conservation back into ecotourism. The Yale School of Forestry and Environmental Studies Bulletin Series 99, 28-38.
10. Buckley, R. (1994) A framework for ecotourism. Annals of Tourism Research 21 (3), 661-665.
11. Burton, R. (1998) Maintaining the quality of ecotourism: Ecotour operators' responses to tourism growth. Journal of Sustainable Tourism 6 (2), 117-142.
12. Campbell, L. (1999) Ecotourism in rural developing countries. Annals of Tourism Research 26, 534-553.
13. Carlson, L., Grove, S.J. and Kangun, N. (1993) A content analysis of environmental advertising claims: A matrix method approach. Journal of Advertising 22, 27-39.
14. Cater, E. (2001) A regional survey by continent. In D.B. Weaver (ed.) The Encyclopedia of Ecotourism (pp. 85-88). New York, NY. CABI Publishing.
15. Ceballos-Lascuráin, H. (1996) Tourism, Ecotourism and Protected Areas: The State Of Nature-Based Tourism around the World and Guidelines for Its Development. Gland, Switzerland: IUCN.
16. Diamantis, D. (2004) Ecotourism management: An overview. In D. Diamantis (ed.) Ecotourism: Management and Assessment (pp. 3-26). London: Thomson.
17. Dollin, B., Burgess, L. and Cooper, J. (2002) Evaluating the use of the Web for tourism marketing: A case study from New Zealand. Tourism Management 23, 557-561.
18. Eagles, P.F.J. (2002) Trends in park tourism: Economics, finance and management. Journal of Sustainable Tourism 10 (2), 132-153.
19. Eagles, P.F.J. and Cascagnette, J.W. (1995) Canadian ecotourists: Who are they? Tourism Recreation Research 20 (1), 22-28.
20. eMarketer (2002) Despite recession and terrorism, internet growth continues. On WWW at http://www.emarketer.com/Article.aspx?1001674. Accessed 5.2.04.
21. eMarketer (2004) Consumers' travel plans include visit to net. On WWW at http://www.emarketer.com/news/article.php?1002777. Accessed 9.06.04.
22. Fennell, D.A. (2000) Comment: Ecotourism on trial: The case of Billfish angling as ecotourism. Journal of Sustainable Tourism 8 (4), 341-351.
23. Fennell, D.A. (2001) A content analysis of ecotourism definitions. Current Issues in Tourism 4 (5), 403-421.
24. Font, X. (2001) Regulating the green message: The players in ecolabelling. In X. Font and R.C. Buckley (eds) Tourism Ecolabelling: Certification and Promotion of Sustainable Management (pp. 1-17). New York, NY: CABI Publishing.
25. Grant, J. and Allcock, A. (1998) National planning, limitations, objectives and lessons: The development of Australia's National Ecotourism Strategy. In K. Lindberg, M. Epler Wood and D. Engeldrum (eds) Ecotourism: A Guide for Planners and Managers, Volume 2 (pp. 119-132). North Bennington, VT: Ecotourism Society.
26. Gretzel, R., Yuan, Y-L. and Fesenmaier, D.R. (2000) Preparing for the new economy: Advertising strategies and change in destination marketing organization. Journal of Travel Research 39, 146-156.
27. Hawkins, D.E. and Lamoureux, K. (2001) Global growth and magnitude of ecotourism. In D.B. Weaver (ed.) The Encyclopedia of Ecotourism (pp. 63-72). New York, NY: CABI Publishing.
28. HLA Consultant, The ARA Consulting Group Inc. (HLA/ARA) (1994) Ecotourism - Nature/Adventure/Culture: Alberta and British Columbia Market Demand Assessment. Government of Canada and the Provinces of British Columbia and Alberta, Canada.
29. Holden, A. and Sparrowhawk, J. (2002) Understanding the motivations of ecotourists: The case of trekkers in Annapurna, Nepal. International Journal of Tourism Research 4, 435-446.
30. Holand, S.M., Ditton, R.B. and Graefe, A.R. (1998) An ecotourism perspective on Billfish fisheries. Journal of Sustainable Tourism 6 (2), 97-116.
31. Holsti, O.R. (1968) Content analysis. In G. Lindzey and E. Aaronson (eds) The Handbook of Social Psychology (pp. 596-692). Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.
32. Honey, M. (1999) Ecotourism and Sustainable Development: Who Owns Paradise? Washington, DC: Island Press.
33. Hvenegaard, G.T. and Deardon, P. (1998) Ecotourism versus tourism in a Thai national park. Annals of Tourism Research 25 (3), 700-720.
34. Mackoy, R.D. and Osland, G.E. (2004) Lodge selection and satisfaction: Attributes valued by ecotourists. The Journal of Tourism Studies 15 (2), 13-25.
35. Mehta, H., Baez, A.L. and O'Loughlin, P. (2002) International Ecolodge Guidelines. Burlington, VT: The International Ecotourism Society.
36. Osland, G.E. and Mackoy, R. (2004) Ecolodge performance goals and evaluations. Journal of Ecotourism 3 (2), 109-128.
37. Palacio, V and McCool, S.F. (1997) Identifying ecotourists in Belize through benefit segmentation: A preliminary analysis. Journal of Sustainable Tourism 5 (3), 234-243.
38. Polonsky, M.J., Carlson, L., Grove, S. and Kangun, N. (1997) International environmental marketing claims. International Marketing Review 14 (4), 218-232.
39. Russell, D., Bottrill, C. and Meredith, G. (1995) Introduction: International ecolodge survey. In D.E. Hawkins, M. Elper Wood and S. Bittman (eds) The Ecolodge Sourcebook for Planners and Developers (pp. ix-xvii). North Bennington, VT: The Ecotourism Society.
40. Seaton, A.V. (1996) The marketing concept in tourism. In A.V Seaton and M.M. Bennett (eds) The Marketing of Tourism Products: Concepts, Issues and Cases (pp. 3-25). Boston, MA: International Thomson Business Press.
41. Sharpley, R. (2001) The consumer behaviour context of ecolabelling. In X. Font and R.C. Buckley (eds) Tourism Ecolabelling: Certification and Promotion of Sustainable Management (pp. 41-55). New York, NY. CABI Publishing.
42. Sirakaya, E. (1997) Attitudinal compliance with ecotourism guidelines. Annals of Tourism Research 24, 919-950.
43. Sirakaya, E., Sasidharan, V. and Sönmez, S. (1999) Redefining ecotourism: The need for a supply-side view. Journal of Travel Research 38 (2), 168-172.
44. The International Ecotourism Society (TIES) (2004) What is ecotourism? On WWW at http://www.ecotourism.org/index2.php?what-is-ecotourism. Accessed 2.3.04.
45. The International Ecotourism Society (TIES) (2005) SAMPLE Membership Application. On WWW at http://www.ecotourism.org/index2.php?membership2/ application/samples.php. Accessed 7.2.05.
46. Tourism Concerns (1992) Beyond the Green Horizon: Principles for Sustainable Tourism. UK: World Wide Fund.
47. Travel Industry Association of America (TIA) (2000) Tourism Works for America 2000. Washington, DC: Travel Industry Association of America.
48. Wall, G. (1997) Is ecotourism sustainable? Environmental Management 21 (4), 483-491.
49. Wallace, G.N. and Pierce, S.M. (1996) An evaluation of ecotourism in Amazonas, Brazil. Annals of Tourism Research 23 (4), 843-873.
50. Wearing, S. and Neil, J. (1999) Ecotourism: Impacts, Potentials, and Possibility. Boston, MA: Buftterworth-Heinemann.
51. Wearing, S., Cynn, S., Ponting, J. and McDonald, M. (2002) Converting environmental concern into ecotourism purchases: A qualitative evaluation of international backpackers in Australia. Journal of Ecotourism 1 (2&3), 133-148.
52. Weaver, D.B. and Schlüter, R. (2001) Latin America and the Caribbean. In D.B. Weaver (ed.) The Encyclopedia of Ecotourism (pp. 173-191). New York, NY CABI Publishing.
53. Weaver, D.B. and Lawton, L.J. (2002) Overnight ecotourist market segmentation in the Gold Coast Hinterland of Australia. Journal of Travel Research 40, 270-280.
54. Weaver, D., Glenn, C. and Rounds, R. (1996) Private ecotourism operations in Manitoba, Canada. Journal of Sustainable Tourism 4 (3), 135-146.
55. Weber, R.P. (1985) Basic Content Analysis. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage Publications.
56. Weiler, B. and Richins, H. (1995) Extreme, extravagant and elite: A profile of ecotourists on Earthwatch Expeditions. Tourism Recreation Research 20 (1), 29-36.
57. Werthner, H. and Klein, S. (1999) Information Technology and Tourism: A Challenging Relationship. New York, NY. Springer.
58. Wight, P.A. (1994) Environmentally responsible marketing of tourism. In E. Cater and G. Lowmam (eds) Ecotourism: A Sustainable Option? Chichester, NY. John Wiley & Sons.
59. Wight, P.A. (2001) Ecotourist: Not a homogeneous market segment. In D.B. Weaver (ed.) The Encyclopedia of Ecotourism (pp. 37-62). New York, NY: CABI Publishing.
60. Woods, B. and Moscardo, G. (1998) Understanding Australian, Japanese, and Taiwanese ecotourists in the Pacific Rim Region. Pacific Tourism Review 1, 329-339.
61. World Tourism Organization (WTO) (2002a) The Canadian Ecotourism Market. Madrid: The World Tourism Organization.
62. World Tourism Organization (WTO) (2002b) The U.S. Ecotourism Market. Madrid: The World Tourism Organization.
63. World Tourism Organization (WTO) (2002c) The World Tourism Summit: Final report. On WWW at http://www.world-tourism.org/sustainable/ IYE-Main-Menu.htm. Accessed 2.5.04.
64. Ziffer, K.A. (1989) Ecotourism: The Uneasy Alliance. Washington, DC: Conservation International and Ernst & Young.