Mechanical properties of alloys consisting of two ductile phases

Progress in Materials Science

Volumn 51, Issue 5, 2006, Pages 632-709

  Ankem, Sreeramamurthy ^a   Margolin, Harold ^b   Greene, Charles A ^c   Neuberger, Brett W ^d   Oberson, P Gregory ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND   (United States)

^b POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^c U S NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION   (United States)

^d BETTIS ATOMIC POWER LABORATORY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

DUCTILITY; MECHANICAL PROPERTIES; MORPHOLOGY; STRESS ANALYSIS;

COMPONENT PHASES; TWO-PHASE MATERIALS;

MECHANICAL ALLOYING;

EID: 33644939216     PISSN: 00796425     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.pmatsci.2005.10.003     Document Type: Review

References (376)

1. R.F. Decker Alloy design, using second phases Metall Trans 4 1973 2495 2517
2. J.L. Everhart, W.E. Lindlief, J. Kanegis, P.G. Weissler, and F. Siegel Mechanical properties of metals and alloys Circular of the National Bureau of Standards C447 1943 16
3. 3Al Scripta Metall 19 1985 1497 1498
4. 3Al containing boron Acta Metall 34 1986 1395 1399
5. L.J. Walpole On the bounds for the overall elastic moduli of inhomogeneous systems-I J Mech Phys Solids 14 1966 151
6. L.J. Walpole On the bounds for the overall elastic moduli of inhomogeneous systems-II J Mech Phys Solids 14 1966 289 301
7. F.F.Y. Wang Calculation of the elastic moduli of binary composites Mater Sci Eng 7 1970 109 116
8. H. Doi, Y. Fujiware, K. Miyake, and Y. Oosawa A systematic investigatin of elastic moduli of WC-Co alloys Metall Trans 1 1970 1417 1425
9. Y. Chuang, and H. Margolin β brass bicrystal stress-strain relations Metall Trans 4 1973 1905 1917
10. N. Fat-Halla, T. Takasugi, and O. Izumi On elastic incompatibility during the deformation of α-β brass two-phase bicrystals J Mater Sci 15 1980 3071 3080
11. N. Dudzinski, J.R. Murray, B.W. Mott, and B. Chalmers The Young's modulus of some aluminum alloys J Inst Metals 74 1948 291
12. J.K. Mackenzie Proc Phys Soc 63 1950 2
13. R. Hill Elastic behavior of a crystalline aggregate Proc Phys Soc 65A 1952 349 355
14. N. Dudzinski Young's modulus, Poisson's ratio, and rigidity modulus of some aluminum alloys J Inst Metals 81 1952-3 49
15. N. Dudzinski The effect of nitrides and ternary intermetallic compounds on the Young's modulus of some aluminum alloys J Inst Metals 83 1954-5 444
16. R.L. Coble, and W.D. Kingery Effect of porosity on properties of sintered alumina J Amer Ceram Soc 39 1956 377 385
17. R.J. Towner Metal Progress 73 1958 70
18. C. Nishimatsu, and J. Gurland Amer Soc Metall 52 1960 496
19. B. Paul Prediction of elastic constants of multiphase materials Trans Metall Soc AIME 218 1960 36 41
20. J. Gurland Comparison of dispersion hardening in 4 silver-base alloys of equivalent composition Trans Metall Soc AIME 221 1961 407 408
21. A.R.G. Brown, H. Brooks, K.S. Jepson, and G.I. Lewis J Inst Metals 91 1962-3 161
22. Z. Hashin, and S. Shtrikman A varational approach to the theory of the elastic behaviour of multiphase materials J Mech Phys Solids 11 1963 127 140
23. R.H. Krock Proc Amer Soc Test Mater 63 1963 605
24. R. Hill Elastic properties of some reinforced solids-some theoretical principles J Mech Phys Solids 12 1963 357 372
25. R.S. Goodrich, and G.S. Ansell Transmission electron microscopy of 3 recrystallized Al-Al203 SAP-type alloys Trans Metall Soc AIME 230 1964 1372
26. Z. Hashin, and B.W. Rosen J Appl Mech 31 1964 223
27. R. Hill Theory of mechanical properties of fibre strengthened materials, elastic behaviour J Mech Phys Solids 12 1964 199 212
28. R. Hill Self consistent mechanics of composite materials J Mech Phys Solids 13 1965 213
29. B. Budiansky Elastic moduli of some heterogeneous materials J Mech Phys Solids 13 1965 223
30. R. Hill Theory of mechanical properties of fibre-strengthened materials, self-consistent model J Mech Phys Solids 13 1965 189
31. Z. Hashin On elastic behaviour of fibre reinforced materials of arbitrary transverse phase geometry J Mech Phys Solids 13 1965 119
32. S. Umekawa, R. Kotfila, and O.D. Sherby Elastic properties of a tungsten-silver composite above and below the melting point of silver J Mech Phys Solids 13 1965 229
33. I.L. Mogford Deformation and fracture of two-phase materials Metall Rev 12 1967 49 68
34. B.O. Jaensson, and B.O. Sundström Determination of Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio for WC-Co Alloys by the Finite Element Method Mater Sci Eng 9 1972 217 222
35. S. Ankem, and H. Margolin Modeling deformation in two-phase alloys J Metals 28 1986 25 29
36. S. Neti, M. Vijayshankar, and S. Ankem Finite-Element Method modeling of deformation-behavior of 2-phase materials-I. Stress-strain relations Mater Sci Eng A145 1991 47 54
37. S. Neti, M. Vijayshankar, and S. Ankem Finite-Element Method modeling of deformation-behavior of 2-phase materials-II. Stress and strain distributions Mater Sci Eng A145 1991 55 64
38. S. Ankem, and H. Margolin Finite-Element Method (FEM) calculations of stress-strain behavior of alpha-beta Ti-Mn alloys-I. Stress-strain relations Metal Trans A 13A 1982 595 601
39. S. Ankem, and H. Margolin Finite-Element Method (FEM) calculations of stress-strain behavior of alpha-beta Ti-Mn alloys-II. Stress and strain distributions Metal Trans A 13A 1982 603 609
40. C.A. Greene, and S. Ankem Modelling of elastic interaction stresses in two-phase materials by FEM Mater Sci Eng A 202 1995 103 111
41. R.E. Hook, and J.P. Hirth The deformation behavior of isoaxial bicrystals of Fe-3%Si Acta Metall 15 1967 535 551
42. R.E. Hook, and J.P. Hirth The deformation behavior of nonisoaxial bicrystals of Fe-3%Si Acta Metall 15 1967 1099
43. T.D. Lee, and H. Margolin Beta brass bicrystal and tricrystal stress-strain behavior Metall Trans A 8 1977 157 167
44. C. Rey, and A. Zaoui Slip heterogeneities in deformed aluminum bicrystals Acta Metall 28 1980 687 697
45. C. Rey, and A. Zaoui Grain boundary effects in deformed bicrystals Acta Metall 30 1982 523 535
46. T.K. Chen, and H. Margolin Elastic interaction stresses. I. The influence of bicrystal size on stresses in isoaxial 70-30 alpha brass bicrystals Metall Trans A 19 1988 1727 1737
47. T.K. Chen, and H. Margolin Elastic interaction stresses. II. The influence of orientation on stresses generated in isoaxial bicrystals Metall Trans A 20 1989 1461 1473
48. K. Hashimoto, and H. Margolin The role of elastic interaction stresses on the onset of slip in polycrystalline alpha brass-I. Experimental determination of operating slip systems and qualitative analysis Acta Metall 31 1983 773 785
49. K. Hashimoto, and H. Margolin The role of elastic interaction stresses on the onset of slip in polycrystalline alpha brass-II. Rationalization of slip behavior Acta Metall 31 1983 787 800
50. J.G. Swearengen Low amplitude cyclic deformation and crack nucleation in copper and copper-aluminum bicrystals Acta Metall 19 1971 543
51. Y.M. Hu, and Z.G. Wang Cyclic deformation of copper bicrystals Mater Sci Eng A A208 1996 260 269
52. J.P. Hirth The influence of grain boundaries on mechanical properties Metall Trans 3 1972 3047 3066
53. J.F.W. Bishop, and R. Hill A theory of the plastic distortion of a polycrystalline aggregate under combined stresses Philos Mag 42 1951 414 427
54. J.F.W. Bishop, and R. Hill A theoretical derivation of the plastic properties of a polycrystalline face-centered metal Philos Mag 42 1951 1298 1307
55. H. Margolin, and M.S. Stanescu Polycrystalline strengthening Acta Metall 23 1975 1411 1418
56. C.R. Chen, S.X. Li, and Z.G. Wang Characteristics of strain and resolved shear stress in a bicrystal with the brain boundary perpendicular to the tensile axis Mater Sci Eng A A247 1998 15 22
57. Z.R. Wang, and H. Margolin Slip in a stress gradient: multiple slip and cross slip in an alpha brass single crystal oriented for easy glide Acta Metall 32 1984 977 985
58. H. Margolin, Z. Wang, and T. Chen A model for yielding in anisotropic metals Metall Trans A 17A 1986 107 113
59. S. Ankem, and H. Margolin Role of elastic interaction stresses on the onset of plastic flow for oriented two-ductile-phase structures Metall Trans A 6 1980 963 972
60. C. González, and J. LLorca A self-consistent approach to the elastoplastic behaviour of two-phase materials including damage J Mech Phys Solids 48 2000 675 692
61. K.S. Chan, C.C. Wojcik, and D.A. Koss Deformation of an alloy with a lamellar microstructure-experimental behavior of individual Widmanstätten colonies of an alpha-beta titanium alloy Metall Trans A 12 1981 1899 1907
62. C.F. Nilsen, and K.N. Subramanian Deformation of alpha-beta beta brass with oriented and duplex boundaries Phys Status Solidi A 79 1983 281 292
63. F.S. Lin, E.A. Starke, S.B. Chakrabortty, and A. Gysler The effect of microstructure on the deformation modes and mechanical properties of Ti-6Al-2Nb-1Ta-0.8Mo-I. Widmanstätten structures Metall Trans A 15 1984 1229 1246
64. K.K. Ray, and D. Mondal Some aspects of deformation behavior of coarse multiphase metallic materials Metall Trans A 23 1992 3309 3315
65. L.M. Clarebrough Deformation and recrystallization of alloys containing two phases Aust J Sci Res A 3 1950 72 89
66. W. Boas On the tnhomogeneity of plastic deformation in metals Helv Phys Acta 23 1950 159 166
67. H. Unkel The relationship between the mechanical properties and the structure of two-phase alloys Metall Tech 5 1951 146 150
68. H. Lilholt Hardening in two-phase materials-II. Plastic strain and mean stress hardening rate Acta Metall 25 1977 587 593
69. K.S. Chan A micromechanical analysis of the yielding behaviour of individual Widmanstätten colonies of an alpha+beta titanium alloy Metall Trans A 35A 2004 3409 3422
70. S. Ankem, and H. Margolin A rationalisation of stress strain behavior of two-ductile phase alloys Metall Trans 17A 1986 2209 2226
71. Wojcik CC, Koss DA. Private communication, 1979.
72. S. Ankem, and H. Margolin Alpha-beta interface sliding in Ti-Mn alloys Metall Trans A 14A 1983 500 503
73. G. Dieter Mechanical metallurgy 3rd ed. 1986 McGraw-Hill Boston
74. R.E. Reed-Hill, and R. Abbaschian Physical metallurgy principles 3rd ed. 1992 PWS-Kent Boston
75. E. Orowan Z Phys 89 1934 605 659
76. M. Polanyi Z Phys 89 1934 660 666
77. G.I. Taylor Proc Roy Soc Lond A 145 1934 362 404
78. J. Weertman, and J.R. Weertman Elementary dislocation theory 1992 Oxford University Press Oxford
79. M.F. Ashby The deformation of plastically non-homogeneous materials Philos Mag 21 1970 399 424
80. J.W. Christian, and S. Mahajan Deformation twinning Prog Mater Sci 39 1995 1 157
81. Ankem S, Pande CS. Proceedings of: Advances in twinning. TMS 1999 annual meeting. Warrendale, PA: TMS; 1999.
82. S. Ankem, C.A. Greene, and S. Singh Time dependent twinning during ambient temperature creep of alpha Ti-Mn alloys Scripta Metall 30-6 1994 803 808
83. Greene CA. Fundamental studies on ambient temperature creep deformation behavior of alpha and alpha-beta titanium alloys. PhD Dissertation, University of Maryland, College Park, 1994.
84. S. Ankem, and C.A. Greene Recent developments in the microstructure/ property relationships of beta titanium alloys Mater Sci Eng A 263 1999 127 131
85. C.A. Hultgren, C.A. Greene, and S. Ankem Time dependent twinning during ambient temperature creep of alpha Ti-0.4%Mn alloy Metall Trans A 30A 1999 1675 1679
86. A. Ramesh, and S. Ankem Stress-induced products in a Ti-14.8V alloy deformed in tension Metall Trans A 30A 1999 2249 2251
87. A. Ramesh, and S. Ankem The effect of grain size on the ambient temperature creep behavior of a beta Ti-14.8V alloy Metall Trans A 33A 2002 1137 1144
88. D. Doraiswamy, and S. Ankem The effect of grain size and stability on ambient temperature tensile and creep deformation in beta titanium alloys Acta Mater 51 2003 1607 1619
89. P.G. Oberson, and S. Ankem Recent developments in ambient temperature creep deformation behavior of titanium alloys W.E. Frazier Y.D. Han N.J. Kim E.W. Lee Proceedings of the 3rd international conference on light materials for transportation systems 2004 Center for Advanced Aerospace Materials, Pohong University of Science and Technology Pohong, Korea 402 410
90. A. Jaworski Jr., and S. Ankem Advances in ambient temperature creep deformation behavior of two-phase titanium alloys Mater Sci Forum 475-9 2004 779 784
91. Jaworski Jr A, Ankem S. Unpublished research, 2005.
92. M.A. Meyers, O. Vohringer, and V.A. Lubarda The onset of twinning in metals: a constitutive description Acta Mater 2001 4025 4039
93. D.A. Porter, and K.E. Easterling Phase transformations in metals and alloys 2nd ed. 1992 Chapman and Hall London
94. E.W. Collings Physical metallurgy of titanium alloys 1984 American Society for Metals Metals Park, OH
95. I.A. Gindin, and Y.D. Starodubov Low-temperature plastic failure of coarse-grained iron Sov Phys Solid State 12 1960 1642 1648
96. R.C. Gifkins, and T.G. Langdon On the question of low-temperature sliding at grain-boundaries J Inst Metals 93 1964 347
97. A.K. Chakrabarti, and E. Nichols H. Kimura O. Izumi Titanium '80 science and technology 1980 TMS Warrendale, PA 1081
98. H. Miller, R.T. Chen, and E.A. Starke Jr. Microstructure, creep and tensile deformation in Ti-6Al-2Nb-1Ta-0.8Mo Metall Trans A 18A 1987 1451 1468
99. D.G. Attwood, and P.M. Hazzledine Fiducal grid for high resolution metallography Metallography 9 1976 483 501
100. F.M. Al-Abbasi, and J.A. Nemes Micromechanical modeling of dual phase steels Int J Mech Sci 45 2003 1449 1465
101. B. Karlsson, G. Linden, and K.E. Easterling Deformation characteristics of ferrite-pearlite structures in steel Jernkon Ann 155 1971 413 414
102. S. Jin, D. Huang, and J.W. Morris Jr. Structure and properties of a microduplex maraging steel Metall Trans A 7A 1976 637 645
103. T. Nakamura, and K. Wakasa Deformation residual stress measured in a (γ+α) two-phase iron-chromium-nickel alloy Trans ISIJ 16 1976 134 137
104. M. Yodogawa, and M. Tanaka Mechanical properties of Fe-Ni alloys having microduplex structures J Iron Steel Inst Jpn 62 1976 1859 1868
105. J. Morrow, and G. Tither Molybdenum in intercritically annealed dual-phase steel strip J Metals 30 1978 16 19
106. L. Zhonghua, and G. Haicheng Bauschinger effect and residual phase stresses in two ductile-phase steels: Part 1. The influence of phase ptresses on the Bauschinger effect Metall Trans A 21A 1990 717 724
107. L. Zhonghua, and G. Haicheng Bauschinger effect and residual phase stresses in two ductile-phase steels: Part 2. The effect of microstructure and mechanical properties of the constituent phases on Bauschinger effect and residual phase stresses Metall Trans A 21A 1990 725 732
108. K.K. Ray, and G. Mondal The effect of interlamellar spacing on strength of pearlite in annealed eutectoid and hypoeutectoid plain carbon steels Acta Metall Mater 39 1991 2201 2208
109. Z. Jiang, J. Liu, and J. Lian A new relationship between the flow stress and the microstructural parameters for dual phase steel Acta Metall Mater 40 1992 1587 1597
110. Z. Jiang, Z. Guan, and J. Lian The relationship between ductility and material parameters for dual phase steel J Mater Sci 28 1993 1814 1818
111. J. Lian, Z. Jiang, and J. Chen Strain hardening behavior and its relationship to tensile mechanical properties for dual phase steel Mater Sci Tech 8 1992 1 7
112. B. Verhaeghe, F. Louchet, B. Doisneau-Cottignies, and Y. Brechet Micromechanisms of deformation of and austenoferritic duplex stainless steel Philos Mag A 76 1997 1079 1091
113. A. Bag, K.K. Ray, and E.S. Dwarakadasa Influence of martensite content and morphology on tensile and impact properties of high-martensite dual-phase steels Metall Trans A 30A 1999 1193 1202
114. Y. Tomita Effect of morphology of second phase martensite on tensile properties of Fe-0.1C dual phase steels J Mater Sci 25 1990 5179 5184
115. T.S. Byun, and I.S. Kim Tensile properties and inhomogeneous deformation of ferrite-martensite dual phase steels J Mater Sci 28 1993 2923 2932
116. Y. Tomota Effects of morphology and strength of martensite on cyclic deformation behavior in dual-phase steels Mater Sci Tech 3 1987 415 421
117. H.P. Shen, T.C. Lei, and J.Z. Liu Microscopic deformation behavior of martensitic-ferritic dual-phase steels Mater Sci Tech 2 1986 28 33
118. Y. Tomita Review-Morphology control of ductile second phase and improved mechanical properties in high-strength low-alloy steels with mixed structure J Mater Sci 27 1992 1705 1715
119. M. Sagradi, D. Pulino-Sagradi, and R.E. Medrano The effect of the microstructure on the superplasticity of a duplex stainless steel Acta Mater 46 1998 3857 3862
120. M. Erdogan, and S. Tekeli The effect of martensite particle size on tensile fracture of surface-carburised AISI 8620 steel with dual phase core microstructure Mater Design 23 2002 597 604
121. N. Nakada, J. Syarif, T. Tsuchiyama, and S. Takaki Improvement of strength-ductility balance by copper addition in 9%Ni steels Mater Sci Eng A 374 2004 137 144
122. P. Jacques, Q. Furnemont, T. Pardoen, and F. Delannay On the role of martensitic transformation on damage and cracking resistance in TRIP-assisted multiphase steels Acta Mater 49 2001 139 152
123. S. Sun, and M. Pugh Properties of thermomechanically processed dual-phase steels containing fibrous martensite Mat Sci Eng A 335 2002 298 308
124. D.J. DeLazaro, and W. Rostoker Correlations between heat treatment, microstructure and mechanical properties of titanium-molybdenum alloys Trans ASM 46 1954 292 311
125. F.C. Holden, H.R. Ogden, and R.I. Jaffe Heat treatment and mechanical properties of Ti-Fe alloys Trans AIME 206 1956 521 528
126. F.C. Holden, H.R. Ogden, and R.I. Jaffe Heat treatment, structure, and mechanical properties of Ti-Mn alloys Trans AIME 200 1954 184 196
127. A.J. Griest, H.A. Robinson, and P.D. Frost Effect of composition and heat-treatment on the uniform elongation and flow properties of alpha-beta titanium alloys Trans AIME 200 1958 117 121
128. N.Z. Pertsovskiy, G.V. Shakhanova, M.Y. Brun, and A.B. Notkin Influence of the β-phase on the plasticity of two-phase titanium alloys Phys Met Metallogr 33 1972 220 223
129. N.Z. Pertsovskiy, G.V. Shakhanova, and M.Y. Brun Features of the deformation and ductility of lamellar two-phase titanium alloys Phys Met Metallogr 36 1973 141 147
130. M.A. Greenfield, C.M. Pierce, and J.A. Hall The effect of microstructure on the control of mechanical properties in alpha-beta titanium alloys Titanium Sci Tech 111 1973 1731 1743
131. Chesnutt JC, Rhodes CG, Williams JC. Relationship between mechanical properaties, microstructure, and fracture topography in α+β titanium alloys. ASTM 1976; Technical Publication 600, 100-38.
132. H. Margolin, A.R. Graviano, and L.S. Castleman Bonding and subsequent deformation of alpha and beta titanium Metall Trans A 8A 1977 1494 1496
133. T. Nishimura, Y. Sugimura, Y. Ito, and H. Kusamichi Effects of microstructure and crystal orientation on the mechanical properties in an α-β titanium alloy H. Kimura O. Izumi Titanium '80 science and technology 1980 TMS Warrendale, PA 973 979
134. G. Welsch, and W. Bunk Deformation modes of alpha-phase of Ti-6Al-4V as a function of oxygen concentration and aging temperature Metall Trans A 13A 1982 889 899
135. T.V. Vijayaraghavan, and H. Margolin Rationalization of tensile ductility and fracture in alpha-beta Ti-Mn alloys Metall Trans A 14 1983 2043 2053
136. P.K. Poulose, and M.A. Imam The effect of microstructure on tensile properties and fracture toughness of Ti-15-3 alloy Titanium 95: Science and Technology 1995 988 995
137. M.F. Savage, J. Tatalovich, M. Zupan, K.J. Hemker, and M.J. Mills Deformation mechanisms and microtensile behavior of single colony Ti-6242Si Mater Sci Eng A 319-321 2001 398 403
138. S. Suri, G.B. Viswanathan, T. Neeraj, D.-H. Hou, and M.F. Mills Room temperature deformation and mechanisms of slip transmission in oriented single-colony crystals of an α/β titanium alloy Acta Mater 47 1999 1019 1034
139. M.F. Savage, J. Tatalovich, and M.J. Mills Anisotropy in the room-temperature deformation of α-β colonies in titanium alloys: role of the α-β interface Philos Mag 84 2004 1127 1154
140. A.I. Kahyeci, and G.E. Welsch Hardness versus strength correlation for oxygen-strengthened Ti-6Al-4V alloy Scripta Metall 25 1991 1957 1962
141. G. Lutjering Influence of processing on microstructure and mechanical properties of (α+β) titanium alloys Mater Sci Eng A 243 1998 32 45
142. K.S. Chan, C.C. Wojcik, and D.A. Koss Deformation of an alloy with a lamellar microstructure: experimental behavior of individual Widmanstätten colonies of an α-β titanium alloy Metall Trans A 12A 1981 1899 1907
143. W.J. Evans Optimising mechanical properties in alpha+beta titanium alloys Mater Sci Eng A 243 1998 89 96
144. Y.T. Lee, and G. Welsch Young's modulus and damping of Ti-6Al-4V as a function of heat treatment and oxygen concentration Mater Sci Eng A A128 1990 77 89
145. M.R. Bache, and W.J. Evans Impact of texture on mechanical properties in an advanced titanium alloy Mater Sci Eng A 319-321 2001 409 414
146. U. Heubner, and A. Leogrande Mechanical properties and recrystallization of alpha+beta brass Metall 25 11 1971 1238 1244 [in German]
147. T. Takasugi, O. Izumi, and N. Fat-Halla Activated slip systems during yielding of α-β brass two-phase bicrystals J Mater Sci 13 1978 2013 2021
148. T. Takasugi, N. Fat-Halla, and O. Izumi The plastic deformation and fracture behaviours of α-β brass two-phase bicrystals Acta Metall 26 1978 1453 1459
149. N. Fat-Halla, T. Takasugi, and O. Izumi Deformation and fracture of α-β brass two-phase bicrystals at 450 K Trans JIM 20 1979 493 500
150. N. Fat-Halla, T. Takasugi, and O. Izumi Deformation and fracture of α-β brass two-phase bicrystals at 150 K Metall Trans A 10A 1979 1341 1349
151. Nilsen CF, Subramanian KN. Role of strain rate and phase boundary geometry on the deformation behavior of 2-phase bicrystals of alpha-beta brass. J Mater Sci 19;768-76.
152. A. Khan, A. Rana, and M. Ansari Strength variation in alpha+beta and lead-tin brasses J Mater Sci Tech 2003 103 111
153. H. Yamaguchi Microstructure and mechanical properties of ultra-fine-grained alpha+beta dual phase brass J JIM 63 1999 1125 1128
154. A.K. Hingwe, and K.N. Subramanian Deformation of duplex crystals and two-phase bicrystals of alpha-beta brass J Mater Sci 10 1975 183 188
155. D.L. McDanels Analysis of stress-strain, fracture, and ductility behavior of aluminum matrix composites containing discontinuous silicon carbide reinforcement Metall Trans A 16A 1985 1105 1115
156. H.E. Cline, and D. Lee Strengthening of lamellar vs. equiaxed Ag-Cu eutectic Acta Metall 18 1970 315 323
157. F.J. Ansuini, and F.A. Badia High strength microduplex Cu-Ni-Zn alloys Metall Trans 4 1973 15 20
158. K. Wakasa, and T. Nakamura The appearance of a peak in uniform elongation of two-phase (α+γ) Fe-23.1Cr-4.91Ni alloy Scripta Metall 11 1977 475 476
159. J.J. Petrovic, and A.K. Vasudevan Softening behavior of two-ductile-phase Ag-Ni alloys after cold rolling Mater Sci Eng 34 1978 53 59
160. D. Tseng, and K. Tangri Deformation behavior of duplex Zircaloy-4-oxygen alloys Metall Trans A 13A 1982 1077 1082
161. A.A. Hussein Structure-property relationships in dual-phase Cu-Al alloys: Part I. Individual phases Metall Trans A 13A 1982 837 846
162. A.H. Yegneswaran, and K. Tangri Strain distribution and load transfer characteristics of a Cu-9.6wt.%Al dual-phase structure Z Metall 74 1983 521 524
163. A.H. Yegneswaran, and K. Tangri Investigation of the early stages of deformation of two phase copper-aluminum alloys Metall Trans A 14A 1983 2407 2413
164. A. Matsuda, T. Takeoka, and K. Nakajima Mechanical properties of iron-nickel alloys with (α+γ) microduplex structure J JIM 40 1976 839 843
165. G.H. Reynolds, and R.D. Schelleng Tensile properties of a microduplex 15 pct nickel silver Metall Trans 3 1972 1837 1841
166. F.J. Humphreys, and P.N. Kalu The plasticity of particle-containing polycrystals Acta Metall Mater 38 1990 917 930
167. B.A. Movchan, and F.D. Lemkey Mechanical properties of fine-crystalline two-phase materials Mater Sci Eng A 224 1997 136 145
168. Ankem S. PhD Thesis. Polytechnic Institute of New York, 1980.
169. D.S. Wilkinson, W. Pompe, and M. Oeschner Modeling the mechanical behaviour of heterogeneous multiphase materials Prog Mater Sci 41 1997 379 405
170. L.D. Wegner, and L.J. Gibson The mechanical behaviour of interpenetrating phase composites, I: Modeling Int J Mech Sci 42 2000 925 942
171. L.P. Kubin, and Y. Estrin The Portevin-Le Chatelier effect in deformation with constant stress rate Acta Metall 33 1985 397 407
172. H. Fischmeister, and B. Karlsson Plasticity of two-phase materials with a coarse microstructure Z Metall 68 1977 311 327
173. Z.H. Li, S. Schmauder, and M. Dong A simple model to predict fracture and yield strengths of particulate two-phase materials Comput Mater Sci 15 1999 11 21
174. Z. Fan, P. Tsakiropoulos, and A.P. Miodownik Yield strength of two ductile phase alloys Mater Sci Tech 9 1993 863 868
175. Z. Fan, P. Tsakiropoulos, and A.P. Miodownik Prediction of Young's modulus of particulate two phase composites Mater Sci Tech 8 1992 922 929
176. Z. Fan, A.P. Miodownik, and P. Tsakiropoulos Microstructural characterisation of two phase materials Mater Sci Tech 9 1993 1094 1100
177. Z. Fan, P. Tsakiropoulos, P.A. Smith, and A.P. Miodownik Extension of the Hall-Petch relation to two-ductile-phase alloys Philos Mag A 67 1993 515 531
178. Z. Fan, P. Tsakiropoulos, and A.P. Miodownik A generalized law of mixtures J Mater Sci 29 1994 141 150
179. Z. Fan, and A.P. Miodownik The deformation behaviour of alloys comprising two-ductile phases-I. Deformation theory Acta Metall 41 1993 2403 2413
180. Z. Fan, and A.P. Miodownik The deformation behaviour of alloys comprising two-ductile phases-II. Applications of the theory Acta Metall Mat 41 1993 2415 2423
181. J. Gurland The measurement of grain contiguity in 2-phase alloys Trans AIME 212 1958 452 455
182. H.C. Lee, and J. Gurland Hardness and deformation of cemented tungsten carbide Mater Sci Eng 33 1978 125 133
183. P. Uggowitzer, and H.P. Stuwe Plasticity of ferritic-matensitic 2-phase steels Z Metall 73 1982 277 285
184. E. Werner, and H.P. Stuwe Mater Sci Eng 68 1984-5 175
185. J. Lian, Z. Jiang, and J. Liu Theoretical model for the tensile work hardening behaviour of dual-phase steel Mater Sci Eng A 147 1991 55 65
186. N. Goel, S. Sangal, and K. Tangri A theoretical model for the flow behavior of commercial dual-phase steels containing metastable retained austenite: Part I. Derivation of flow curve equations Metall Trans A 16A 1985 2013 2021
187. X. Feaugas, P.H. Pilvin, and M. Clavel Cyclic deformation behaviour of an α/β titanium alloy-II. Internal stresses and micromechanic modeling Acta Metall 45 1997 2703 2714
188. M. Kato, T. Fujii, and S. Onaka Effects of shape and volume fraction of second phase on stress states in two-phase materials Mater Sci Eng A 285 2000 144 150
189. B. Commentz, Ch. Hartig, and H. Mecking Micromechanical interaction in two-phase iron-copper polycrystals Comput Mater Sci 16 1999 237 247
190. R.A. Lebensohn, and C.N. Tome A self-consistent anisotropic approach for the simulation of plastic-deformation and texture development of polycrystals-application to zirconium alloys Acta Metall Mater 41 1993 2611 2624
191. R.A. Lebensohn, and G.R. Canova A self-consistent approach for modeling texture development of two-phase polycrystals: application to titanium alloys Acta Mater 45 1997 3687 3694
192. R.A. Lebensohn, P.A. Turner, and G.R. Canova Recent advances in modeling polycrystals with complex microstructures Comput Mater Sci 9 1997 229 236
193. B. Commentz, C. Hartig, and H. Mecking Micromechanical interaction in two-phase iron-copper polycrystals Comput Mater Sci 16 1999 237 247
194. D. Dunst, R. Dandievel, and H. Mecking Mater Sci Forum 157-162 1994 665
195. D. Dunst, and H. Mecking Analysis of theoretical and experimental rolling textures of two-phase titanium alloys Z Metall 87 1996 498 507
196. A. Molinari, G.R. Canova, and S. Ahzi A self-consistent approach of the large deformation polycrystal plasticity Acta Metall 35 1987 2983 2994
197. E. Thompson An introduction to the finite element method: Theory, programming, applications 2005 John Wiley Hoboken
198. D.V. Hutton Fundamentals of finite element analysis 2004 McGraw-Hill Boston
199. N. Ramakrishnan, and V.S. Arunachalam Finite element methods for materials modeling Prog Mater Sci 42 1997 253 261
200. T. Iung, and M. Grange Mechanical behavior of two-phase materials investigated by the finite element method-necessity of three-dimensional modeling Mater Sci Eng A 201 1995 L8 L11
201. J. Jinoch, S. Ankem, and H. Margolin Calculations of stress-strain curve and stress and strain distributions for and alpha-beta Ti-8Mn alloy Mater Sci Eng 34 1978 203 211
202. H. Unckel J Metals 61 1937 171
203. R.W.K. Honeycombe, and W. Boas The deformation and recrystallization of an alloy containing two phases Aust J Sci Res A 1 1948 70
204. B. Karlsson, and B.O. Sundstrom Inhomogeneity in plastic deformation of two-phase steels Mater Sci Eng 16 1974 161 168
205. T.S. Byun, and I.S. Kim Stress and strain partition in elastic and plastic deformation of two-phase alloys J Mater Sci 26 1991 3917 3925
206. R.E. Bolmaro, R.V. Browning, F.M. Guerra, and A.D. Rollett Finite element method simulations for two-phase material plastic strains Mater Sci Eng A 196 1995 53 63
207. S. Bugat, J. Besson, and A. Pineau Micromechanical modeling of the behavior of duplex stainless steels Comput Mater Sci 16 1999 158 166
208. B. Kaempf Stresses and strain in two-phase materials Comput Mater Sci 5 1996 151 156
209. M. Nygårds, and P. Gudmundson Micromechanical modeling of ferritic/pearlitic steels Mater Sci Eng A 325 2002 435 443
210. R.G. Davies The influence of martensite composition and content on properties of dual-phase steels Metall Trans A 9 1978 671 679
211. N. Lippmann, T. Steinkopff, S. Schmauder, and P. Gumbsch 3D-finite-element-modelling of microstructures with the method of multiphase elements Comput Mater Sci 9 1997 28 35
212. T. Steinkopff, and M. Sautter Simulating the elasto-plastic behavior of multiphase materials by advanced finite element techniques. Part I: A rezoning technique and the multiphase element method Comput Mater Sci 4 1995 10 14
213. T. Steinkopff, and M. Sautter Finite-element simulation of large plastic deformation in heterophase materials Modell Simulat Mater Sci Eng 5 1997 1 21
214. M. Nygards, and P. Gudmundson Three-dimension periodic Voronoi grain models and micromechanical FE-simulations of a two-phase steel Comput Mater Sci 24 2002 513 519
215. K.J. Kozaczek, B.G. Petrovic, C.O. Ruud, S.K. Kurtz, and A.R. McIlree Microstructural modeling of grain-boundary stresses in alloy 600 J Mater Sci 30 1995 2390 2400
216. S. Kumar, S.K. Kurtz, and V.K. Agarwala Micro-stress distribution within polycrystalline aggregate Acta Mech 114 1996 203 216
217. M.S. Wu, and J. Guo Analysis of a sector crack in a three-dimensional voronoi polycrystal with microstructural stresses J Appl Mech 67 2000 50 58
218. A.P. Roberts, and E.J. Garboczi Elastic moduli of model random three-dimensional closed-cellular solids Acta Mater 49 2001 189 197
219. S. Kumar, S.K. Kurtz, J.R. Banavar, and M.G. Sharma Properties of a three-dimensional Poisson-Voronoi tessellation: a Monte Carlo study J Statist Phys 67 1992 523 553
220. S. Ghosh, and S. Moorthy Elastic-plastic analysis of arbitrary heterogeneous materials with the Voronoi Cell finite element method Comput Methods Appl Mech Eng 121 1995 373 409
221. I.L. Mogford The deformation and fracture of two-phase materials Metall Rev 12 1967 49 68
222. R.O. Ritchie, and A.W. Thompson On macroscopic and microscopic analyses for crack initiation and crack growth toughness in ductile alloys Metall Trans A 16A 1985 233 248
223. T. Inoue, and S. Kinoshita Strain partition and void formation in ferrite-pearlite steels deformed in tension Trans ISIJ 17 1977 245 251
224. E. Ahmad, T. Manzoror, K.L. Ali, and J.I. Akhar Effect of microvoid formation on the tensile properties of dual phase steel J Mater Eng Perform 9 2000 306 310
225. M. Sarwar, and R. Priestner Influence of ferrite-martensite microstructural morphology on tensile properties of dual phase steel J Mater Sci 31 1996 2091 2095
226. N.J. Kim, and G. Thomas Effects of the morphology on the mechanical behavior of a Fe-2Si-0.1C steel Metall Trans A 12A 1981 483 489
227. M. Niinomi, and T. Kobayashi Fracture characteristics analysis related to the microstructures in titanium alloys Mater Sci Eng A 213 1996 16 24
228. M. Niinomi, I. Inagaki, and T. Kobayashi Micromechanism of improvement in crack initiation and propagation toughness of a Ti-Al-Sn-Zr-Mo alloy by coarsening prior beta grains Mater Sci Technol 4 1988 803 810
229. T. Kishi, H. Ohyama, and K. Kim Crack growth mechanism and fracture toughness in acicular alpha structure of Ti-6Al-4V alloy Tetsu-to-Hagane 72 1986 123 130
230. C.D. Beachem Trans ASM 56 1963 318
231. J. Gurland, and J. Plateau Trans ASM 56 1963 402
232. M.F. Ashby Work hardening of dispersion hardened crystals Philos Mag 14 1966 1157
233. D. Broek Eng Fract Mech 4 1973 9
234. A. Argon, J. Im, and R. Safoglu Cavity formation from inclusions in ductile fracture Metall Trans A 6A 1975 825 837
235. F.A. McClintock A criterion for ductile fracture by growth of holes J Appl Mech 35 1968 363
236. D.M. Tracey Eng Fract Mech 3 1971 139
237. P.F. Thomason A theory for ductile fracture by internal necking of cavities J Inst Met 96 1968 360
238. P.F. Thomason G.C. Sih Proceedings of the international conference on prospects of fracture mechanics 1974 Moorhoff International Publishing Leyden 3
239. I.C. Howard, and A.A. Willoughby G.G. Chell Developments in fracture mechanics vol. 2 1981 Appl Sci Publ London 39
240. G.R. Speich, and R.L. Miller R.A. Kot B.L. Bramfitt Fundamentals of dual-phase steels 1981 Met Soc AIME 279
241. A.H. Nakagawa, and G. Thomas Microstructure-mechanical property relationships of dual-phase steel wire Metall Trans A 16A 1985 831 840
242. R.M. Ramage, K.V. Jata, G.I. Shiflet, and E.A. Starke The effect of phase continuity on the fatigue and crack closure behavior of a dual phase steel Metall Trans A 18A 1987 1291 1298
243. Y.L. Su, and J. Gurland Strain partition, uniform elongation and fracture strain in dual phase steels Mater Sci Eng 95 1987 151 165
244. Z. Fan, and A.P. Miodownik An empirical approach to strain to fracture of two-ductile-phase alloys Scripta Metall Mater 28 1993 895 900
245. A. Oehlert, and A. Atrens Room temperature creep of high strength steels Acta Metall Mater 42 1994 1493 1508
246. P.R. Thornton, and P.B. Hirsch The effect of stacking fault energy on low temperature creep of pure metals Philos Mag 3 1958 738 761
247. T.H. Alden Strain hardening during low temperature creep of 304 stainless steel Acta Metall 35 1987 2621 2626
248. H. Adenstedt Creep of titanium at room temperature Metal Progress 65 1949 658 660
249. A.J. Hatch, J.M. Partridge, and R.G. Broadwell Room temperature creep and fatigue properties of titanium alloys J Mater 2 1967 111 119
250. H.P. Chu Room temperature creep and stress relaxation of α titanium alloys J Mater 5 1970 633 642
251. W.H. Riemann Room temperature creep in Ti-6Al-4V J Mater 6 1971 926 940
252. A.W. Thompson, and B.C. Odegard The influence of microstructure on low temperature creep of Ti-5Al-2.5Sn Metall Trans 4 1973 899 908
253. B.C. Odegard, and A.W. Thompson Low temperature creep of Ti-6Al-4V Metall Trans A 5A 1974 1207 1213
254. M.A. Imam, and C.M. Gilmore Room temperature creep of Ti-6Al-4V Metall Trans A 10A 1979 419 425
255. S. Ankem, C.A. Greene, S. Singh, and D. Sil Recent developments in ambient temperature creep deformation behavior of alpha, alpha-beta, and beta titanium alloys S. Ankem J.A. Hall Microstructure/property relationships of titanium alloys 1994 TMS Warrendale, PA 35 46
256. S. Suri, T. Neeraj, G.S. Daehn, D.H. Hou, J.M. Scott, and R.W. Hayes Mechanisms of primary creep in α/β titanium alloys at lower temperatures Mater Sci Eng A A234-236 1997 996 999
257. T. Neeraj, D.H. Hou, G.S. Daehn, and M.J. Mills Phenomenological and microstructural analysis of room temperature creep in titanium alloys Acta Mater 48 2000 1225 1238
258. M.F. Savage, T. Neeraj, and M.J. Mills Observations of room temperature creep recovery in titanium alloys Metall Trans A 33A 2002 891 898
259. M. Brandes, and M.J. Mills Static recovery in titanium alloys at lower temperatures Mater Sci Eng A 387-9 2004 570 575
260. T. Yamada, K. Kawabata, E. Sato, K. Kuribayashi, and I. Jimbo Presences of primary creep in various phase metals and alloys at ambient temperature Mater Sci Eng A 387-389 2004 719 722
261. K.L. Murty Effects of alloying and cold-work on anisotropic biaxial creep of titanium tubing G. Lutjering J. Albrecht Proceedings of the tenth world conference on titanium 2003 Wiley-VCH Hamburg, Germany 2033 2040
262. C. Boehlert, and D. Miracle The creep behavior of Ti-Al-Nb O+BCC orthorhombic alloys Metall Trans A 30A 1999 2349 2367
263. S. Ankem, J.G. Shyue, M.N. Vijayshankar, and R. Arsenault The effect of volume percent of phases on the high temperature tensile deformation of two phase Ti-Mn alloys Mater Sci Eng A111 1989 51 61
264. S. Ankem, and S.R. Seagle The detrimental effects of iron on creep of Ti-6242S alloy Proceedings of the fifth international conference on titanium 1985 Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Metallkunde e.v., FRG Munich, Germany 2411 2418
265. 2 Proc Roy Soc Lond 373A 1980 93 109
266. 0, and teriary creep Acta Metall 31 1983 17 27
267. P.J. Henderson, and M. McLean Micro-structural contributions to friction stress and recovery kinetics during creep of the nickel base superalloy IN738LC Acta Metall 31 1983 1203 1219
268. M. McLean On the threshold stress for dislocation creep in particle strengthened alloys Acta Metall 33 1985 545 556
269. J. Henderson, and M. McLean Micro-structural changes during high temperature creep of a directionally solidified nickel base superalloy Scripta Metall 19 1985 99 104
270. T. Grosdidier, Y. Combres, E. Gautier, and M.J. Philippe Effect of microstructure variations on the formation of deformation-indiced martensite and associated tensile properties in a β metastable Ti alloy Metall Trans A 31A 2000 1095 1106
271. M. Hida, E. Sukedai, C. Henmi, K. Sakaue, and H. Terauchi Stress induced products and ductility due to lattice instability of β-phase single crystal of Ti-Mo alloys Acta Metall 30 1982 1471 1479
272. H.M. Otte Mechanism of the martensitic transformation in titanium and its alloys R.I. Jaffe H.M. Burte Proceedings of the 1st international conference on titanium 1996 Permagon Press London 645
273. P. Bania D. Eylon R. Boyer D. Koss Beta titanium alloys in the 1990's 1990 TMS Warrendale, PA 3 14
274. L.J. Cuddy Internal stresses and structures developed during creep Metall Trans A 1 1970 395 401
275. K. Cho, and J. Gurland The law of mixtures applied to the plastic deformation of two phase alloys of coarse microstructures Metall Trans A 19A 1988 2207 2240
276. D. Kolluru, and T. Pollock Numerical modeling of the creep behavior of unidirectional eutectic composites Acta Mater 46 1998 2859 2876
277. V. Hasija, S. Ghosh, M. Mills, and D. Joseph Deformation and creep modeling in polycrystalline Ti-6Al alloys Acta Mater 51 2003 4533 4549
278. M.H. Yoo, S.R. Agnew, J.R. Morris, and K.M. Ho Non-basal slip systems in HCP metals and alloys: source mechanisms Mater Sci Eng A 319-312 2001 87 92
279. J.C.M. Li Stress relaxation and creep in an impression test J Electron Mater 26 1997 827 832
280. J.C.M. Li Impression creep and other localized tests Mater Sci Eng A 322 2002 23 42
281. D. Eylon, and J.A. Hall Fatigue behavior of beta processed titanium alloy IMI 685 Metall Trans A 8A 1977 981 990
282. J.E. Hack, and G.R. Leverant The influence of microstructure on the susceptibility of titanium alloys to internal hydrogen embrittlement Metall Trans A 13A 1982 1729 1738
283. M.A. Imam, and C.M. Gilmore Fatigue and microstructural properties of quenched Ti-6Al-4V Metall Trans A 14A 1983 233 240
284. V.K. Saxena, and V.M. Radhakrishnan Effect of phase morphology on fatigue crack growth behavior of α-β titanium alloy-a crack closure rationale Metall Trans A 29A 1998 245 261
285. J. Stolarz, and J. Foct Specific features of two phase alloys response to cyclic deformation Mater Sci Eng A 319-21 2001 501 505
286. Y. Tomota, K. Kuroki, T. Mori, and I. Tamura Tensile deformation of 2 ductile-phase alloys-flow curves of alpha-gamma Fe-Cr-Ni alloys Mater Sci Eng 24 1976 85 94
287. I.C. Noyen, and J.B. Cohen X-ray-diffraction study of changes in stress-strain distributions during the fatigue of a 2-phase alloy Mater Sci Eng 79 1986 149 155
288. A.F. Szewczyk, and J. Gurland A study of the deformation and fracture of a dual-phase steel Metall Trans A 13A 1982 1821 1826
289. X.L. Cai, J. Feng, and W.S. Owen The dependence of some tensile and fatigue properties of a dual-phase steel on its microstructure Metall Trans A 16A 1985 1405 1415
290. G. Welsch, Y.T. Lee, P.C. Eloff, D. Eylon, and F.H. Froes Deformation behavior of blended elemental Ti-6Al-4V compacts Metall Trans A 14A 1983 761 769
291. Y. Saleh, and H. Margolin Low cycle fatigue of Ti-Mn alloys- microstructural aspects of fatigue-crack growth Metall Trans A 14A 1983 1481 1486
292. Y. Mahajan, and H. Margolin Low-cycle fatigue behavior of Ti-6Al-2Sn-4Zr-6Mo-I-The role of microstructure in low-cycle crack nucleation and early crack-growth Metall Trans A 13A 1982 257 268
293. Salimi F. Master's Thesis. Polytechnic University, June 1982.
294. H. Margolin, J.C. Chesnutt, G. Luetjering, and J.C. Williams H. Kimura O. Izumi Titanium '80 science and technology 1980 TMS Warrendale, PA 169
295. G. Leutjering, and A. Gysler G. Leutjering U. Zwicker W. Bunk Titanium, science and technology 1984 Deutsche Gesellschaft for Metallkunde EVFR Germany 2065
296. Saleh Y. Doctoral Dissertation. Polytechnic University, June 1979.
297. Majahan Y. Doctoral Dissertation. Polytechnic University, June 1979.
298. J.T. Barnby, and M.R. Johnson Mater Sci J 3 1969 155
299. T.C. Lindley, G. Oates, and C.E. Richards A critical appraisal of carbide cracking mechanisms in ferried-carbide aggregates Acta Metall 18 1970 1127
300. Y. Saleh, and H. Margolin Low-cycle fatigue behavior of Ti-Mn alloys-fatigue life Metall Trans A 13A 1982 1275 1281
301. H.W. Hayden, and S. Floreen Fatigue behavior of fine-grained 2-phase alloys Metall Trans 4 1973 561 568
302. J.S. Park, and H. Margolin The role of alpha-phase and beta-phase in fatigue crack propagation of Ti-Mn alloys Metall Trans A 15A 1984 155 171
303. Yang CY, Liu HW. Proceedings of the 3rd international conference on mechanical behavior of materials, Sheffield, England; 1979.
304. C.Y. Yang, and H.W. Liu The unzipping model of fatigue crack growth and its application to a 2-phase steel Int J Frac 17 1981 157 168
305. H. Suzuki, and A.J. McEvily Microstructural effects on fatigue crack growth in a low carbon steel Metall Trans A 10A 1979 475 481
306. V.B. Dutta, S. Suresh, and R.O. Ritchie Fatigue crack-propagation in dual-phase steels-effects of ferritic-martensitic microstructures on crack path morphology Metall Trans A 15A 1984 1193 1207
307. K. Minakawa, Y. Matsuo, and A.J. McEvily The influence of a duplex microstructure in steels on fatigue crack-growth in the near-threshold region Metall Trans A 13A 1982 439 445
308. J.A. Wasynczuk, R.O. Ritchie, and G. Thomas Effects of microstructure on fatigue crack-growth in duplex ferrite martensite steels Mater Sci Eng 62 1984 79 92
309. J.L. Tzou, R.O. Ritchie, and G. Thomas Fatigue crack-propagation in a dual-phase plain-carbon steel Scripta Metall 19 1985 751 755
310. G.T. Gray III, and G. Leutjering G. Leutjering U. Zwicker W. Bunk Titanium, science and technology 1984 Deutsche Gesellschaft for Metallkunde EVFR Germany 2251
311. G.R. Yoder, L.A. Cooley, and T.W. Crooker Fatigue crack-propagation resistance of beta-annealed of Ti-6Al-4V alloys of differing interstitial oxygen contents Metall Trans A 9A 1978 1413 1420
312. J.E. Allison, and J.C. Williams G. Leutjering U. Zwicker W. Bunk Titanium, science and technology 1984 Deutsche Gesellschaft for Metallkunde EVFR Germany 2251
313. H. Margolin, and H.L. Hoo A.K. Chakrabarti J.C. Chesnutt Microstructure, fracture toughness and fatigue crack growth in titanium alloys 1987 TMS Warrendale, PA 39
314. C.G. Rhodes H. Kimura O. Izumi Titanium '80 science and technology 1980 TMS Warrendale, PA 1691
315. M. Peters, A. Gysler, and G. Leutjering Influence of texture on fatigue properties of Ti-6Al-4V Metall Trans A 15A 1984 1597 1605
316. A.J. Padkin, M.F. Bureton, and W.J. Plumbridge Fatigue crack-growth in 2-phase alloys Mater Sci Tech 3 1987 217 223
317. S. Floreen, H.W. Hayden, and R.M. Pilliar Fracture behavior of an Fe-Cu microduplex alloy and Fe-Cu composites Trans AIME 245 1969 2529 2535
318. N.Z. Pertsovskiy, M.Y. Brun, and G.V. Shakhanova On the nature of the embrittlement of two-phase titanium alloys with a coarsely lamellar structure Fiz Metal Metalloved 30 1970 1047 1054
319. B.I. Beresnev, Y.N. Ryabinin, and Y.D. Martynov Peculiarities in the influence of hydrostatic pressure on the ductility of α+β brass Fiz Metal Metalloved 32 1971 216 217
320. M.A. Greenfield, N. Kuhlken, and H. Margolin Fracture stress and microstructure of an alpha-beta titanium alloy Metall Trans 2 1971 610 612
321. T. Kunio, M. Shimizu, K. Yamada, and H. Suzuki An effect of the second phase morphology on the tensile fracture characteristics of carbon steels Eng Fract Mech 7 1975 411 417
322. Y. Tomota, H. Yoshino, and K. Kuroki Effect of ductility of the second phase on ductile fracture Scripta Metall 11 1977 853 856
323. K. Wakasa, and T. Nakamura The relationship between the occurrence of twin-related laths and the fracture elongation in the two-phase (α+γ) Fe-Cr-Ni stainless steel J Mater Sci 12 1977 2109 2114
324. N. Fat-Halla, T. Takasugi, and O. Izumi Dynamic observations of the fracture phenomena in alpha/beta brass two-phase bicrystals J Mater Sci 13 1978 2462 2470
325. T. Takasugi, O. Izumi, and N. Fat-Halla Transgranular slip and fracture across and interface in α-β brass two-phase bicrystals J Mater Sci 15 1980 945 950
326. Y. Mahajan, and H. Margolin Surface cracking in α-β titanium alloys under unidirectional loading Metall Trans A 9A 1978 427 430
327. H. Margolin, and Y. Mahajan Void formation, void growth and tensile fracture in Ti-6Al-4V Metall Trans A 9A 1978 781 791
328. X.J. He, N. Terao, and A. Berghezan Influence of martensite morphology and its dispersion on mechanical properties and fracture mechanisms of Fe-Mn-C dual phase steels Metal Sci 15 1984 367 373
329. R.K. Ray Tensile fracture of a dual-phase steel Scripta Metall 18 1984 1205 1209
330. N.C. Goel, D. Tseng, and K. Tangri Enhanced ductility of micro-alloyed dual phase steels at low temperatures Scripta Metall 18 1984 873 876
331. R. Avtar, B.K. Jha, and V.S. Dwivedi Effect of transformed ferrite on fracture behaviour of a dual-phase steel J Mater Sci Lett 5 1986 125 127
332. K.S. Ravichandran A survey of toughness in ductile phase composites Scripta Metall 26 1992 1389 1393
333. R. Narasimhan A numerical study of fracture initiation in a ductile material containing a dual population of second-phase particles-I. Static loading Eng Fract Mech 47 1994 919 934
334. Z. Fan, and A.P. Miodownik On the fracture toughness of α-β titanium alloys J Mater Sci Lett 12 1993 1665 1668
335. A.L. Helbert, X. Feaugas, and M. Clavel Effects of microstructural parameters and back stress on damage mechanisms in α/β titanium alloys Acta Mater 46 1998 939 951
336. A.L. Helbert, X. Feaugas, and M. Clavel The influence of internal stresses on the fracture toughness of α/β titanium alloys Metall Trans A 30A 1999 2853 2863
337. M.A. Greenfield, and H. Margolin Interrelationship of fracture toughness and microstructure in a Ti-5.25Al-5.5V-0.9Fe-0.5Cu alloy Metall Trans 2 1971 841
338. K.R. Narendrnath, and H. Margolin The effect of matrix strength on the fracture-resistance of an alpha-beta titanium-alloy, CORONA-5 Metall Trans A 19A 1988 2503 2512
339. K.R. Narendrnath, H. Margolin, Y.H. Jung, P.S. Godavarti, and K.L. Murty A personal computer based system to evaluate J-integral by a single specimen unloading compliance method-Part II: Results on a A533B class I steel and CORONA-5 Eng Fract Mech 30 1988 349 359
340. G. Terlinde, H.J. Rathjen, and H.K. Schwalbe Microstructure and fracture-toughness of the aged beta-Ti alloy Ti-10V-2Fe-3Al Metall Trans A 19A 1988 1037 1049
341. M. Young, E. Levine, and H. Margolin Age-hardening of alpha-beta Ti-6Al-2Sn-4Zr-6Mo Metall Trans A 10A 1979 359 365
342. F.C. Holden, H.R. Odgen, and R.I. Jaffe Heat treatment, structure, and mechanical properties of Ti-Mn alloys Trans AIME 200 1954 169 184
343. M. Niinomi, and T. Kobayashi Toughness and microstructural factors of Ti-6Al-4V alloy Mater Sci Eng 100 1988 45 55
344. Hahn GT, Rosenfield AR. ASTM STP 432, Philadelphia, PA; 1965. p. 8.5.
345. J.P. Hirth, and F.H. Froes Interrelations between fracture toughness and other mechanical-properties in titanium-alloys Metall Trans A 8A 1977 1165 1176
346. H. Margolin Fracture-toughness-a rationalization of the role of microstructure in an alpha-beta-titanium alloy Metall Trans A 13A 1982 2193 2195
347. M.A. Greenfield, and H. Margolin Mechanism of void formation, void growth, and tensile fracture in an alloy consisting of 2 ductile phases Metall Trans 3 1972 2649
348. J.C. Williams, J.C. Chesnutt, and A.W. Thompson A.K. Chakrabarti J.C. Chesnutt Microstructure, fracture toughness and fatigue crack growth in titanium alloys 1987 TMS Warrendale, PA 255
349. T.V. Vijayaraghavan, and H. Margolin Void nucleation and strain-hardening Scripta Metall 23 1989 703 704
350. M.A. Przystupa, and T.H. Courtney Fracture in equiaxed 2 phase alloys-1-Fracture in alloys with isolated elastic particles Metall Trans A 13A 1982 873 879
351. Hoeppner DW. A fractographic analysis of flaw growth in a high strength titanium alloy. Report, University of Missouri, Columbia, 1975.
352. Stubbington CA, Pearson S. RAE Technical Report 76040, RAE, Farnborough, Hants, UK, 1976.
353. Stubbington CA, Pearson S, Baker TS. RAE Technical Report 76147, RAE, Farnborough, Hants, UK, 1976.
354. Postans PJ, Jeal RH. Dependence of crack growth performance upon structure in β-processed titanium alloys. In: Conference on forging and properties of aerospace materials. The Metals Society: Leeds, UK; 1977.
355. D. Eylon, and J.A. Hall Fatigue behavior of beta-processed titanium alloy IMI-685 Metall Trans A 8A 1977 981 990
356. P. Bania, and D. Eylon Metall Trans A 8A 1977 981
357. C.A. Stubbington, and S.J. Pearson Effect of dwell on growth of fatigue cracks in Ti-6Al-4V alloy bar Eng Fract Mech 104 1978 723 756
358. W.J. Evans, and C.R. Gostelow Effect of hold time on the fatigue properties of a beta-processed titanium-alloy Metall Trans A 10A 1979 1837 1846
359. A.W. Sommer, and D. Eylon On fatigue crack propagation of titanium alloys under dwell time conditions Metall Trans A 14A 1983 2178 2181
360. W.J. Evans The influence of microstructure on dwell sensitive fatigue in a near-alpha titanium alloy Scripta Metall 24 1987 469 474
361. W.J. Evans Dwell sensitive fatigue in a near-alpha titanium alloy J Mater Sci Lett 6 1987 571 574
362. Z. Song, and D.W. Hoeppner Dwell time effects on the fatigue behavior of titanium-alloys Int J Fatigue 10 1988 211 218
363. Z. Song, and D.W. Hoeppner Size effect of the fatigue behavior of IMI829 titanium-alloy under dwell conditions Int J Fatigue 11 1989 85 90
364. J.W. Evans, and M.R. Bache Dwell-sensitive fatigue under biaxial loads in the near-alpha titanium alloy IMI685 Int J Fatigue 16 1994 443 452
365. A.P. Woodfield, M.D. Gorman, R.R. Corderman, J.A. Sutliff, and B. Yamrom C.A. Blenkinsop W.J. Evans H.M. Flower Titanium '95 science and technology 1996 Cambridge University Press Cambridge, UK 1116 1123
366. M.R. Bache, M. Cope, H.M. Davies, W.J. Evans, and G. Harrison Dwell sensitive fatigue in a near alpha titanium alloy at ambient temperatures Int J Fatigue 19 1997 83 88
367. M.L. Thomsen, and D.W. Hoeppner The effect of dwell loading on the strain accumulation behavior of titanium alloys Int J Fatigue 20 1998 309 317
368. M.E. Kassner, Y. Kosaka, and J.A. Hall Low-cycle dwell-time fatigue in Ti-6242 Metall Trans A 30A 1999 2383 2389
369. M.R. Bache A review of dwell sensitive fatigue in titanium alloys: the role of microstructure, texture and operating conditions Int J Fatigue 25 2003 1079 1087
370. W. Shen, W.O. Soboyejo, and A.B.O. Soboyejo An investigation on the fatigue and dwell-fatigue crack growth in Ti-6Al-2Sn-4Zr-2Mo-0.1Si Mech Mater 36 2004 117 140
371. W. Shen, A.B.O. Soboyejo, and W.O. Syejo Microstructural effects on fatigue and dwell-fatigue crack growth in alpha/beta Ti-6Al-2Sn-4Zr-2Mo-0.1Si Metall Trans A 35A 2004 163 187
372. Sinha V, Mills MJ, Williams JC. Understanding the contributions of normal-fatigue and static loading to the dwell fatigue in a near-alpha titanium alloy.
373. G. Cailletaud, D. Nouailhas, J. Grattier, C. Levaillant, M. Mottot, and J. Tortel A review of creep-fatigue life prediction methods: identification and extrapolation to long term and low strain cyclic hardening Nucl Eng Des 83 1984 267 278
374. M.L. Ayari, B.K. Sun, and T.R. Hsu A continuum damage mechanics model for cyclic creep fracture Eng Fract Mech 47 1994 215 222
375. T. Goswami Dwell sensitivity-I-Behavior and modeling Mech Mater 22 1995 105 130
376. J.M. Clarke J Strain Anal 4 1969 95