메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 60, Issue 1, 2006, Pages 48-56

Diabetes mellitus and stroke

Author keywords

Carotid endarterectomy; Diabetes; Pathogenesis; Prevention; Stress hyperglycaemia; Stroke

Indexed keywords

ACETYLSALICYLIC ACID; ADVANCED GLYCATION END PRODUCT; ALDEHYDE REDUCTASE; ANTICOAGULANT AGENT; ANTIHYPERTENSIVE AGENT; ANTILIPEMIC AGENT; ANTITHROMBOCYTIC AGENT; ATENOLOL; ATORVASTATIN; BETA ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR BLOCKING AGENT; CLOPIDOGREL; DIPYRIDAMOLE; DIURETIC AGENT; ENALAPRIL; FENOFIBRATE; GLUCOSE; HEMOGLOBIN A1C; INDAPAMIDE; INSULIN; LOSARTAN; METFORMIN; PIOGLITAZONE; PRAVASTATIN; PROTEIN KINASE C; RAMIPRIL; SIMVASTATIN; SULFONYLUREA; UNINDEXED DRUG; VALSARTAN; WARFARIN;

EID: 33644834364     PISSN: 13685031     EISSN: 17421241     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1368-5031.2006.00682.x     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (94)

References (87)
  • 1
    • 33646678306 scopus 로고
    • Diabetes as a risk factor for stroke. A population perspective
    • Stegmayr B, Asplund K. Diabetes as a risk factor for stroke. A population perspective. Diabetologia 1995; 30: 736-43.
    • (1995) Diabetologia , vol.30 , pp. 736-743
    • Stegmayr, B.1    Asplund, K.2
  • 2
    • 19944431000 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epidemiology of ischaemic stroke in patients with diabetes: The greater Cincinnati/northern Kentucky Stroke Study
    • Kissela BM, Khoury J, Kleindorfer D et al. Epidemiology of ischaemic stroke in patients with diabetes: The greater Cincinnati/northern Kentucky Stroke Study. Diabetes Care 2005; 28: 355-9.
    • (2005) Diabetes Care , vol.28 , pp. 355-359
    • Kissela, B.M.1    Khoury, J.2    Kleindorfer, D.3
  • 3
    • 0027406191 scopus 로고
    • Diabetes, other risk factors and 12-yr cardiovascular mortality for men screened in the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial
    • Stamler J, Vaccaro O, Neaton JD, Wentworth D. Diabetes, other risk factors and 12-yr cardiovascular mortality for men screened in the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial. Diabetes Care 1993; 16: 434-44.
    • (1993) Diabetes Care , vol.16 , pp. 434-444
    • Stamler, J.1    Vaccaro, O.2    Neaton, J.D.3    Wentworth, D.4
  • 4
    • 0032977728 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prospective associations of fasting insulin, body fat distribution, and diabetes with risk of ischaemic stroke. The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study investigators
    • Folsom AR, Rasmussen ML, Chambless ME et al. Prospective associations of fasting insulin, body fat distribution, and diabetes with risk of ischaemic stroke. The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study investigators. Diabetes Care 1999; 22: 1077-83.
    • (1999) Diabetes Care , vol.22 , pp. 1077-1083
    • Folsom, A.R.1    Rasmussen, M.L.2    Chambless, M.E.3
  • 5
    • 0031784699 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long term risk of first recurrent stroke in the Perth Community Stroke Study
    • Hankey GJ, Jamrozik K, Broadhurst RJ et al. Long term risk of first recurrent stroke in the Perth Community Stroke Study. Stroke 1998; 29: 2491-500.
    • (1998) Stroke , vol.29 , pp. 2491-2500
    • Hankey, G.J.1    Jamrozik, K.2    Broadhurst, R.J.3
  • 6
    • 0030044787 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diabetes as a risk factor for death from stroke
    • Tuomilehto J, Rastenyte D, Jousilahti P et al. Diabetes as a risk factor for death from stroke. Stroke 1996; 27: 210-5.
    • (1996) Stroke , vol.27 , pp. 210-215
    • Tuomilehto, J.1    Rastenyte, D.2    Jousilahti, P.3
  • 7
    • 0037337344 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association between diabetes and stroke subtype on survival and functional outcome 3 months after stroke. Data from the European BIOMED Stroke Project
    • Megherbi S-A, Milan C, Minier D et al. Association between diabetes and stroke subtype on survival and functional outcome 3 months after stroke. Data from the European BIOMED Stroke Project. Stroke 2003; 344: 688-94.
    • (2003) Stroke , vol.344 , pp. 688-694
    • Megherbi, S.-A.1    Milan, C.2    Minier, D.3
  • 8
    • 0028123177 scopus 로고
    • Trends in diabetes prevalence among stroke patients and the effect of diabetes on stroke survival: The Minnesota Heart Survey
    • Sprafka JM, Virnig BA, Shahar E, McGovern PG. Trends in diabetes prevalence among stroke patients and the effect of diabetes on stroke survival: The Minnesota Heart Survey. Diabet Med 1994; 11: 678-84.
    • (1994) Diabet Med , vol.11 , pp. 678-684
    • Sprafka, J.M.1    Virnig, B.A.2    Shahar, E.3    McGovern, P.G.4
  • 9
    • 0025253351 scopus 로고
    • Prognosis after stroke in diabetic patients. A controlled prospective study
    • Olsson T, Vitanen M, Asplund K et al. Prognosis after stroke in diabetic patients. A controlled prospective study. Diabetologia 1990; 33: 244-9.
    • (1990) Diabetologia , vol.33 , pp. 244-249
    • Olsson, T.1    Vitanen, M.2    Asplund, K.3
  • 10
    • 1042280190 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk factors for myocardial infarction case fatality and stroke case fatality in type 2 diabetes. UKPDS 66
    • Stevens RJ, Coleman RL, Adler A et al. Risk factors for myocardial infarction case fatality and stroke case fatality in type 2 diabetes. UKPDS 66. Diabetes Care 2004; 27: 201-7.
    • (2004) Diabetes Care , vol.27 , pp. 201-207
    • Stevens, R.J.1    Coleman, R.L.2    Adler, A.3
  • 11
    • 0035479310 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diabetes mellitus and risk of Alzheimer's disease and dementia with stroke in multiethnic cohort
    • Luchsinger JA, Tang MX, Stern Y et al. Diabetes mellitus and risk of Alzheimer's disease and dementia with stroke in multiethnic cohort. Am J Epidemiol 2001; 154: 635-41.
    • (2001) Am J Epidemiol , vol.154 , pp. 635-641
    • Luchsinger, J.A.1    Tang, M.X.2    Stern, Y.3
  • 12
    • 0030716499 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk factors for stroke due to cerebral infarction in young adults
    • You RX, McNeil JJ, O'Malley HM et al. Risk factors for stroke due to cerebral infarction in young adults. Stroke 1997; 28: 1913-8.
    • (1997) Stroke , vol.28 , pp. 1913-1918
    • You, R.X.1    McNeil, J.J.2    O'Malley, H.M.3
  • 13
    • 8944234856 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Traditional risk factors and ischaemic stroke in young adults
    • Rohr J, Kittner S, Feeser B et al. Traditional risk factors and ischaemic stroke in young adults. Arch Neurol 1996; 53: 603-7.
    • (1996) Arch Neurol , vol.53 , pp. 603-607
    • Rohr, J.1    Kittner, S.2    Feeser, B.3
  • 14
    • 0023910202 scopus 로고
    • Clinical characteristics in diabetic stroke patients
    • Lithner F, Asplund K, Eriksson S et al. Clinical characteristics in diabetic stroke patients. Diabetes Metab 1988; 4: 15-9.
    • (1988) Diabetes Metab , vol.4 , pp. 15-19
    • Lithner, F.1    Asplund, K.2    Eriksson, S.3
  • 15
    • 0141865590 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prospective study of single and multiple lacunar infarcts using magnetic resonance imaging. Risk factors, recurrence and outcome in 175 consecutive cases
    • Arauz A, Murillo L, Cantu C et al. Prospective study of single and multiple lacunar infarcts using magnetic resonance imaging. Risk factors, recurrence and outcome in 175 consecutive cases. Stroke 2003; 34: 2453-8.
    • (2003) Stroke , vol.34 , pp. 2453-2458
    • Arauz, A.1    Murillo, L.2    Cantu, C.3
  • 16
    • 0141642114 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Greater impact of coexistence of hypertension and diabetes on silent cerebral infarcts
    • Eguchi K, Kario K, Shimada K. Greater impact of coexistence of hypertension and diabetes on silent cerebral infarcts. Stroke 2003; 34: 392-6.
    • (2003) Stroke , vol.34 , pp. 392-396
    • Eguchi, K.1    Kario, K.2    Shimada, K.3
  • 17
    • 0030152895 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The size of subcorticol ischaemic infarction in patients with and without diabetes mellitus
    • Mankovsky BN, Patrick JT, Metzger BE, Saver JL. The size of subcorticol ischaemic infarction in patients with and without diabetes mellitus. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 1996; 98: 137-41.
    • (1996) Clin Neurol Neurosurg , vol.98 , pp. 137-141
    • Mankovsky, B.N.1    Patrick, J.T.2    Metzger, B.E.3    Saver, J.L.4
  • 18
    • 0028291882 scopus 로고
    • Influence of hyperglycaemia on infarct size and clinical outcome of acute ischaemic stroke in patients with intracranial arterial occlusion
    • Toni D, De Michele M, Fiorelli M et al. Influence of hyperglycaemia on infarct size and clinical outcome of acute ischaemic stroke in patients with intracranial arterial occlusion. J Neurol Sci 1994; 123: 129-33.
    • (1994) J Neurol Sci , vol.123 , pp. 129-133
    • Toni, D.1    De Michele, M.2    Fiorelli, M.3
  • 19
    • 0031771767 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stroke topography in diabetic and nondiabetic patients by magnetic resonance imaging
    • Iwase M, Yamamoto M, Yoshinari M et al. Stroke topography in diabetic and nondiabetic patients by magnetic resonance imaging. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 1998; 42: 109-16.
    • (1998) Diabetes Res Clin Pract , vol.42 , pp. 109-116
    • Iwase, M.1    Yamamoto, M.2    Yoshinari, M.3
  • 20
    • 0037469160 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comparison of risk factors for recurrent TIA and stroke in patients diagnosed with TIA
    • Johnston CS, Sidney S, Bernstein AL, Gress DR. A comparison of risk factors for recurrent TIA and stroke in patients diagnosed with TIA. Neurology 2003; 28: 280-5.
    • (2003) Neurology , vol.28 , pp. 280-285
    • Johnston, C.S.1    Sidney, S.2    Bernstein, A.L.3    Gress, D.R.4
  • 21
    • 0035816031 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High-density lipoprotein cholesterol and ischaemic stroke in the elderly. The North Manhattan Stroke Study
    • Sacco RL, Benson RT, Kargman DE et al. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol and ischaemic stroke in the elderly. The North Manhattan Stroke Study. JAMA 2001; 285: 2729-35.
    • (2001) JAMA , vol.285 , pp. 2729-2735
    • Sacco, R.L.1    Benson, R.T.2    Kargman, D.E.3
  • 22
    • 0032511583 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intensive blood-glucose control with sulphonylureas or insulin compared with conventional treatment and risk of complications in patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 33)
    • UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group
    • UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group. Intensive blood-glucose control with sulphonylureas or insulin compared with conventional treatment and risk of complications in patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 33). Lancet 1998; 352: 837-53.
    • (1998) Lancet , vol.352 , pp. 837-853
  • 23
    • 0020617492 scopus 로고
    • Mortality from coronary heart disease and stroke in relation to degree of glycaemia: The Whitehall study
    • Fuller JH, Shipley MJ, Rose G et al. Mortality from coronary heart disease and stroke in relation to degree of glycaemia: The Whitehall study. Br Med J 1983; 287: 867-70.
    • (1983) Br Med J , vol.287 , pp. 867-870
    • Fuller, J.H.1    Shipley, M.J.2    Rose, G.3
  • 24
    • 0035847591 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glucose tolerance and cardiovascular mortality: Comparison of fasting and 2-hour diagnostic criteria
    • The DECODE Study Group, the European Diabetes Epidemiology Group
    • The DECODE Study Group, the European Diabetes Epidemiology Group. Glucose tolerance and cardiovascular mortality: Comparison of fasting and 2-hour diagnostic criteria. Arch Intern Med 2001; 161: 397-405.
    • (2001) Arch Intern Med , vol.161 , pp. 397-405
  • 25
    • 0028905253 scopus 로고
    • Retinopathy as a risk factor for nonembolic stroke in diabetic subjects
    • 2001
    • Petitti DB, Bhatt H. Retinopathy as a risk factor for nonembolic stroke in diabetic subjects. Stroke 1995 2001; 26: 593-6.
    • (1995) Stroke , vol.26 , pp. 593-596
    • Petitti, D.B.1    Bhatt, H.2
  • 26
    • 0344631725 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Proteinuria is an independent risk factor for ischaemic stroke in non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus
    • Guerrero-Romero F, Rodriguez-Moran M. Proteinuria is an independent risk factor for ischaemic stroke in non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. Stroke 1999; 30: 1787-91.
    • (1999) Stroke , vol.30 , pp. 1787-1791
    • Guerrero-Romero, F.1    Rodriguez-Moran, M.2
  • 27
    • 0029821207 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Autonomic neuropathy predicts the development of stroke in patients with non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus
    • Toyry JP, Niskanen LK, Lansimies EA et al. Autonomic neuropathy predicts the development of stroke in patients with non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. Stroke 1996; 27: 1316-8.
    • (1996) Stroke , vol.27 , pp. 1316-1318
    • Toyry, J.P.1    Niskanen, L.K.2    Lansimies, E.A.3
  • 28
    • 0032913309 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of oxidative stress in diabetic complications: A new perspective on an old paradigm
    • Baynes JW, Thorpe SR. Role of oxidative stress in diabetic complications: A new perspective on an old paradigm. Diabetes 1999; 48: 1-9.
    • (1999) Diabetes , vol.48 , pp. 1-9
    • Baynes, J.W.1    Thorpe, S.R.2
  • 29
    • 0344286498 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Activation of receptor for advanced glycation end products: A mechanism for chronic vascular dysfunction in diabetic vasculopathy and atherosclerosis
    • Schmidt A, Yan S, Wautier J, Stern D. Activation of receptor for advanced glycation end products: A mechanism for chronic vascular dysfunction in diabetic vasculopathy and atherosclerosis. Circ Res 1999; 84: 489-97.
    • (1999) Circ Res , vol.84 , pp. 489-497
    • Schmidt, A.1    Yan, S.2    Wautier, J.3    Stern, D.4
  • 30
    • 0034852862 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Protein kinase C activation: Isozyme-specific effects on metabolism and cardiovascular complications in diabetes
    • Idris I, Gray S, Donnelly R. Protein kinase C activation: isozyme-specific effects on metabolism and cardiovascular complications in diabetes. Diabetologia 2001; 44: 659-73.
    • (2001) Diabetologia , vol.44 , pp. 659-673
    • Idris, I.1    Gray, S.2    Donnelly, R.3
  • 32
    • 0037092995 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diabetes and atherosclerosis: Epidemiology, pathophysiology, and management
    • Beckman JA, Creager MA, Libby P. Diabetes and atherosclerosis: epidemiology, pathophysiology, and management. JAMA 2002; 287: 2570-81.
    • (2002) JAMA , vol.287 , pp. 2570-2581
    • Beckman, J.A.1    Creager, M.A.2    Libby, P.3
  • 34
    • 13344293711 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Amelioration of vascular dysfunctions in diabetic rats by an oral PKC-β inhibitor
    • Ishii H, Jirousek MR, Koya D et al. Amelioration of vascular dysfunctions in diabetic rats by an oral PKC-β inhibitor. Science 1996; 272: 728-31.
    • (1996) Science , vol.272 , pp. 728-731
    • Ishii, H.1    Jirousek, M.R.2    Koya, D.3
  • 37
    • 0036158585 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Atlantis trial: Results for patients treated within 3 hours of stroke onset. Alteplase thrombolysis for acute noninterventional therapy ischaemic stroke
    • Albert GW, Clark WM, Madden KP, Hamilton SA. Atlantis trial: Results for patients treated within 3 hours of stroke onset. Alteplase thrombolysis for acute noninterventional therapy ischaemic stroke. Stroke 2002; 33: 493-5.
    • (2002) Stroke , vol.33 , pp. 493-495
    • Albert, G.W.1    Clark, W.M.2    Madden, K.P.3    Hamilton, S.A.4
  • 38
    • 7644228368 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of admission hyperglycaemia on stroke outcome after thrombolysis: Risk stratification in relation to time to perfusion
    • Alvarez-Sabin J, Molina CA, Ribo M et al. Impact of admission hyperglycaemia on stroke outcome after thrombolysis: Risk stratification in relation to time to perfusion. Stroke 2004; 35: 2493-8.
    • (2004) Stroke , vol.35 , pp. 2493-2498
    • Alvarez-Sabin, J.1    Molina, C.A.2    Ribo, M.3
  • 39
    • 0034800666 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stress hyperglycaemia and prognosis of stroke on nondiabetic and diabetic patients. A systemic overview
    • Capes SE, Hunt D, Malmberg K et al. Stress hyperglycaemia and prognosis of stroke on nondiabetic and diabetic patients. A systemic overview. Stroke 2001; 32: 2426-32.
    • (2001) Stroke , vol.32 , pp. 2426-2432
    • Capes, S.E.1    Hunt, D.2    Malmberg, K.3
  • 40
    • 1642432937 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence and prediction of unrecognised diabetes mellitus and impaired glucose tolerance following acute stroke
    • Gray CS, Scott JF, French JM, Alberti KG, O'Connell JE. Prevalence and prediction of unrecognised diabetes mellitus and impaired glucose tolerance following acute stroke. Age Ageing 2004; 33: 71-7.
    • (2004) Age Ageing , vol.33 , pp. 71-77
    • Gray, C.S.1    Scott, J.F.2    French, J.M.3    Alberti, K.G.4    O'Connell, J.E.5
  • 41
    • 0029069020 scopus 로고
    • Randomized trial of insulin-glucose infusion followed by subcutaneous insulin treatment in diabetic patients with acute myocardial infarction (DIGAMI study): Effects on mortality at 1 year
    • Malmberg K, Ryden L, Efendic S et al. Randomized trial of insulin-glucose infusion followed by subcutaneous insulin treatment in diabetic patients with acute myocardial infarction (DIGAMI study): effects on mortality at 1 year. J Am Coll Cardiol 1995; 26: 57-65.
    • (1995) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.26 , pp. 57-65
    • Malmberg, K.1    Ryden, L.2    Efendic, S.3
  • 42
    • 0035829852 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intensive insulin therapy in critically ill patients
    • Van de Bergh G, Wouters P, Weekers F et al. Intensive insulin therapy in critically ill patients. N Engl J Med 2001; 345: 1359-67.
    • (2001) N Engl J Med , vol.345 , pp. 1359-1367
    • Van de Bergh, G.1    Wouters, P.2    Weekers, F.3
  • 43
    • 0025240754 scopus 로고
    • Glucose requirement for post ischaemic recovery of perfused working heart
    • Mallet RT, Hartman DA, Bunger R. Glucose requirement for post ischaemic recovery of perfused working heart. Eur J Biochem 1990; 188: 481-93.
    • (1990) Eur J Biochem , vol.188 , pp. 481-493
    • Mallet, R.T.1    Hartman, D.A.2    Bunger, R.3
  • 44
    • 0032894044 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glucose potassium insulin infusions in the treatment of acute stroke patients with mild to moderate hyperglycaemia. The Glucose Insulin Stroke Trial (GIST)
    • Scott JF, Robinson GM, French JM. Glucose potassium insulin infusions in the treatment of acute stroke patients with mild to moderate hyperglycaemia. The Glucose Insulin Stroke Trial (GIST). Stroke 1999; 30: 793-9.
    • (1999) Stroke , vol.30 , pp. 793-799
    • Scott, J.F.1    Robinson, G.M.2    French, J.M.3
  • 45
    • 1042268057 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aspirin therapy in diabetes
    • Colwell JA. Aspirin therapy in diabetes. Diabetes Care 2004; 27 (Suppl. 1): S72-3.
    • (2004) Diabetes Care , vol.27 , Issue.SUPPL. 1
    • Colwell, J.A.1
  • 46
    • 12344268088 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevention of cardiovascular disease in type-2 diabetes: How to improve the clinical efficacy of aspirin
    • Evangelista V, Totani L, Rotondo S et al. Prevention of cardiovascular disease in type-2 diabetes: How to improve the clinical efficacy of aspirin. Thromb Haemost 2005; 93: 8-16.
    • (2005) Thromb Haemost , vol.93 , pp. 8-16
    • Evangelista, V.1    Totani, L.2    Rotondo, S.3
  • 47
    • 0345411332 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Primary prevention of cardiovascular events with low dose aspirin and vitamin E in type 2 diabetes patients: Results of the Primary Prevention Project (PPP) trial
    • Sacco M, Pellegrini F, Roncaglioni MC et al. Primary prevention of cardiovascular events with low dose aspirin and vitamin E in type 2 diabetes patients: Results of the Primary Prevention Project (PPP) trial. Diabetes Care 2003; 26: 3264-72.
    • (2003) Diabetes Care , vol.26 , pp. 3264-3272
    • Sacco, M.1    Pellegrini, F.2    Roncaglioni, M.C.3
  • 48
    • 0030590746 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A randomised, blinded trial of clopidogrel vs aspirin in patients at risk of ischaemic events (CAPRIE)
    • CAPRIE Steering Committee
    • CAPRIE Steering Committee. A randomised, blinded trial of clopidogrel vs aspirin in patients at risk of ischaemic events (CAPRIE). Lancet 1996; 348: 1329-39.
    • (1996) Lancet , vol.348 , pp. 1329-1339
  • 49
    • 6944222791 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparative benefits of clopidogrel and aspirin in high-risk patient populations: Lessons from the CAPRIE and CURE studies
    • Hirsh J, Bhatt DL. Comparative benefits of clopidogrel and aspirin in high-risk patient populations: Lessons from the CAPRIE and CURE studies. Arch Intern Med 2004; 164: 2106-10.
    • (2004) Arch Intern Med , vol.164 , pp. 2106-2110
    • Hirsh, J.1    Bhatt, D.L.2
  • 50
    • 0026766568 scopus 로고
    • European stroke prevention study: Effectiveness of antiplatelet therapy in diabetic patients in secondary prevention of stroke
    • Silvenius J, Laakso M, Piekkinen P Sr et al. European stroke prevention study: Effectiveness of antiplatelet therapy in diabetic patients in secondary prevention of stroke. Stroke 1992; 23: 851-4.
    • (1992) Stroke , vol.23 , pp. 851-854
    • Silvenius, J.1    Laakso, M.2    Piekkinen Sr., P.3
  • 51
    • 0037010258 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antithrombotic therapy for atrial fibrillation
    • Lip GY, Hart RG, Conway DS. Antithrombotic therapy for atrial fibrillation. BMJ 2002; 325: 1022-5.
    • (2002) BMJ , vol.325 , pp. 1022-1025
    • Lip, G.Y.1    Hart, R.G.2    Conway, D.S.3
  • 52
    • 0025234906 scopus 로고
    • Blood pressure, stroke, and coronary heart disease. Part 1, Prolonged differences in blood pressure: Prospective observational studies corrected for the regression dilution bias
    • MacMahon S, Peto R, Cutler J. Blood pressure, stroke, and coronary heart disease. Part 1, Prolonged differences in blood pressure: Prospective observational studies corrected for the regression dilution bias. Lancet 1990; 335: 765-74.
    • (1990) Lancet , vol.335 , pp. 765-774
    • MacMahon, S.1    Peto, R.2    Cutler, J.3
  • 53
    • 0032511580 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tight blood pressure control and risk of macrovascular and microvascular complications in type 2 diabetes: UKPDS 38
    • UK Prospective Diabetes Study Group
    • UK Prospective Diabetes Study Group. Tight blood pressure control and risk of macrovascular and microvascular complications in type 2 diabetes: UKPDS 38. BMJ 1998; 317: 703-12.
    • (1998) BMJ , vol.317 , pp. 703-712
  • 54
    • 0032513878 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of intensive blood pressure lowering and low dose aspirin in patients with hypertension: Principal results of the Hypertension Optimal Treatment (HOT) randomised trial
    • Hansson L, Zanchetti A, Carruthers SG et al. Effects of intensive blood pressure lowering and low dose aspirin in patients with hypertension: principal results of the Hypertension Optimal Treatment (HOT) randomised trial. Lancet 1998; 351: 1755-62.
    • (1998) Lancet , vol.351 , pp. 1755-1762
    • Hansson, L.1    Zanchetti, A.2    Carruthers, S.G.3
  • 55
    • 0033049523 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical value of ambulatory blood pressure monitoring
    • Mallion JM, Baguet JP, Siche JP et al. Clinical value of ambulatory blood pressure monitoring. J Hypertens 1999; 17: 585-95.
    • (1999) J Hypertens , vol.17 , pp. 585-595
    • Mallion, J.M.1    Baguet, J.P.2    Siche, J.P.3
  • 56
    • 0035370265 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Separate and joint effects of systemic hypertension and diabetes mellitus on left ventricular structure and function in American Indians (the Strong Heart Study)
    • Bella JN, Devereux RB, Roman MJ et al. Separate and joint effects of systemic hypertension and diabetes mellitus on left ventricular structure and function in American Indians (the Strong Heart Study). Am J Cardiol 2001; 87: 1260-5.
    • (2001) Am J Cardiol , vol.87 , pp. 1260-1265
    • Bella, J.N.1    Devereux, R.B.2    Roman, M.J.3
  • 57
    • 0037471841 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increase in blood glucose concentration during antihypertensive treatment as a predictor of myocardial infarction: Population based cohort study
    • Dunder K, Lind L, Zethelius B, Berglund L, Lithell H. Increase in blood glucose concentration during antihypertensive treatment as a predictor of myocardial infarction: Population based cohort study. BMJ 2003; 326: 681-4.
    • (2003) BMJ , vol.326 , pp. 681-684
    • Dunder, K.1    Lind, L.2    Zethelius, B.3    Berglund, L.4    Lithell, H.5
  • 58
    • 0034729993 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Morbidity and mortality in patients randomised to double-blind treatment with a long-acting calcium-channel blocker or diuretic in the international nifedipine GITS study: Intervention as a Goal in Hypertension Treatment (INSIGHT)
    • Brown MJ, Palmer CR, Castaigne A et al. Morbidity and mortality in patients randomised to double-blind treatment with a long-acting calcium-channel blocker or diuretic in the international nifedipine GITS study: Intervention as a Goal in Hypertension Treatment (INSIGHT). Lancet 2000; 356: 366-72.
    • (2000) Lancet , vol.356 , pp. 366-372
    • Brown, M.J.1    Palmer, C.R.2    Castaigne, A.3
  • 59
    • 0037160969 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in patients with diabetes in the Losartan Intervention for Endpoint reduction in hypertension study (LIFE): A randomised trial against atenolol
    • Lindholm LH, Ibsen H, Dahlof B et al. Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in patients with diabetes in the Losartan Intervention for Endpoint reduction in hypertension study (LIFE): A randomised trial against atenolol. Lancet 2002; 359: 1004-10.
    • (2002) Lancet , vol.359 , pp. 1004-1010
    • Lindholm, L.H.1    Ibsen, H.2    Dahlof, B.3
  • 60
    • 2942635317 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Outcomes in hypertensive patients at high cardiovascular risk treated with regimens based on valsartan or amlodipine: The VALUE randomised trial
    • Julius S, Kjeldsen SE, Weber M et al. Outcomes in hypertensive patients at high cardiovascular risk treated with regimens based on valsartan or amlodipine: The VALUE randomised trial. Lancet 2004; 363: 2022-31.
    • (2004) Lancet , vol.363 , pp. 2022-2031
    • Julius, S.1    Kjeldsen, S.E.2    Weber, M.3
  • 61
    • 3843080677 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Equivalence of indapamide SR and enalapril on microalbuminuria reduction in hypertensive patients with type 2 diabetes: The NESTOR study
    • Marre M, Puig JC, Kokot F et al. Equivalence of indapamide SR and enalapril on microalbuminuria reduction in hypertensive patients with type 2 diabetes: The NESTOR study. J Hypertens 2004; 22: 1613-22.
    • (2004) J Hypertens , vol.22 , pp. 1613-1622
    • Marre, M.1    Puig, C.2    Kokot, F.3
  • 62
    • 0034700790 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of ramipril on cardiovascular and microvascular outcomes in people with diabetes: Results of the HOPE study and the MICRO-HOPE substudy
    • Heart Outcomes Prevention Evaluation Study Investigators
    • Heart Outcomes Prevention Evaluation Study Investigators. Effect of ramipril on cardiovascular and microvascular outcomes in people with diabetes: Results of the HOPE study and the MICRO-HOPE substudy. Lancet 2000; 355: 253-9.
    • (2000) Lancet , vol.355 , pp. 253-259
  • 63
    • 17044440752 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparative effects of ramipril on ambulatory and office blood pressures: A HOPE substudy
    • Svensson P, de Faire U, Sleight P et al. Comparative effects of ramipril on ambulatory and office blood pressures: A HOPE substudy. Hypertension 2001; 38: E28-32.
    • (2001) Hypertension , vol.38
    • Svensson, P.1    de Faire, U.2    Sleight, P.3
  • 64
    • 0037001992 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Beta-blockers and diabetes: The bad guys come good
    • Cruickshank JM. Beta-blockers and diabetes: The bad guys come good. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2002; 16: 457-470.
    • (2002) Cardiovasc Drugs Ther , vol.16 , pp. 457-470
    • Cruickshank, J.M.1
  • 65
    • 0344373794 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The antihypertensive and lipid-lowering treatment to prevent heart attack trial. Major outcomes in high-risk hypertensive patients randomized to angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or calcium channel blocker vs diuretic: The Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering Treatment to Prevent Heart Attack Trial (ALLHAT)
    • ALLHAT Officers and Coordinators for the ALLHAT Collaborative Research Group
    • ALLHAT Officers and Coordinators for the ALLHAT Collaborative Research Group. The antihypertensive and lipid-lowering treatment to prevent heart attack trial. Major outcomes in high-risk hypertensive patients randomized to angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or calcium channel blocker vs diuretic: The Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering Treatment to Prevent Heart Attack Trial (ALLHAT). JAMA 2002; 288: 2981-97.
    • (2002) JAMA , vol.288 , pp. 2981-2997
  • 67
    • 4344683381 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CARDS Investigators. Primary prevention of cardiovascular disease with atorvastatin in type 2 diabetes in the Collaborative Atorvastatin Diabetes Study (CARDS): Multicentre randomised placebo-controlled trial
    • Colhoun HM, Betteridge DJ, Durrington PN et al. CARDS Investigators. Primary prevention of cardiovascular disease with atorvastatin in type 2 diabetes in the Collaborative Atorvastatin Diabetes Study (CARDS): multicentre randomised placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 2004; 364: 685-96.
    • (2004) Lancet , vol.364 , pp. 685-696
    • Colhoun, H.M.1    Betteridge, D.J.2    Durrington, P.N.3
  • 68
    • 10744228379 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Secondary prevention of cardiovascular events with long-term pravastatin in patients with diabetes or impaired fasting glucose: Results from the LIPID trial
    • Keech A, Colquhoun D, Best J et al. Secondary prevention of cardiovascular events with long-term pravastatin in patients with diabetes or impaired fasting glucose: Results from the LIPID trial. Diabetes Care 2003; 26: 2713-21.
    • (2003) Diabetes Care , vol.26 , pp. 2713-2721
    • Keech, A.1    Colquhoun, D.2    Best, J.3
  • 69
    • 0037840242 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MRC/BHF heart protection study of cholesterol-lowering with simvastatin in 5963 people with diabetes: A randomised placebo-controlled trial
    • Collins R, Armitage J, Parish S, Sleight P, Peto R. MRC/BHF heart protection study of cholesterol-lowering with simvastatin in 5963 people with diabetes: A randomised placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 2003; 361: 2005-16.
    • (2003) Lancet , vol.361 , pp. 2005-2016
    • Collins, R.1    Armitage, J.2    Parish, S.3    Sleight, P.4    Peto, R.5
  • 70
    • 0032006859 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of simvastatin on ischaemic signs and symptoms in the Scandinavian simvastatin survival (4S) study
    • Pederson TR, Kjekshus J, Pyorala K et al. Effect of simvastatin on ischaemic signs and symptoms in the Scandinavian simvastatin survival (4S) study. Am J Cardiol 1998; 81: 333-5.
    • (1998) Am J Cardiol , vol.81 , pp. 333-335
    • Pederson, T.R.1    Kjekshus, J.2    Pyorala, K.3
  • 71
    • 0035962077 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Veterans Affairs high-density lipoprotein intervention trial. Relation of gemfibrozil treatment and lipid levels with major coronary events: VA-HIT: A randomized controlled trial
    • VA-HIT Study Group
    • Robins SJ, Collins D, Wittes JT et al VA-HIT Study Group. Veterans Affairs high-density lipoprotein intervention trial. Relation of gemfibrozil treatment and lipid levels with major coronary events: VA-HIT: A randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2001; 285: 1585-91.
    • (2001) JAMA , vol.285 , pp. 1585-1591
    • Robins, S.J.1    Collins, D.2    Wittes, J.T.3
  • 72
    • 0032902850 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The relationship between glucose and incident cardiovascular events. A metaregression analysis of published data from 20 studies of 95,783 individuals followed for 12.4 years
    • Coutinho M, Gerstein HC, Wang Y, Yusuf S. The relationship between glucose and incident cardiovascular events. A metaregression analysis of published data from 20 studies of 95,783 individuals followed for 12.4 years. Diabetes Care 1999; 22: 233-420.
    • (1999) Diabetes Care , vol.22 , pp. 233-420
    • Coutinho, M.1    Gerstein, H.C.2    Wang, Y.3    Yusuf, S.4
  • 73
    • 0032511566 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of intensive blood-glucose control with metformin on complications in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 34)
    • UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group
    • UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group. Effect of intensive blood-glucose control with metformin on complications in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 34). Lancet 1998; 352: 854-65.
    • (1998) Lancet , vol.352 , pp. 854-865
  • 74
    • 0015153101 scopus 로고
    • Effects of hypoglycaemic agents on vascular complications in patients with adult-onset diabetes. 3. Clinical implications of UGDP results
    • Goldner MG, Knatterud GL, Prout TE. Effects of hypoglycaemic agents on vascular complications in patients with adult-onset diabetes. 3. Clinical implications of UGDP results. JAMA 1971; 218: 1400-10.
    • (1971) JAMA , vol.218 , pp. 1400-1410
    • Goldner, M.G.1    Knatterud, G.L.2    Prout, T.E.3
  • 75
    • 0034825944 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sulfonylurea drugs do not influence initial stroke severity and in-hospital outcome in stroke patients with diabetes
    • Weih M, Amberger N, Wegener S et al. Sulfonylurea drugs do not influence initial stroke severity and in-hospital outcome in stroke patients with diabetes. Stroke 2001; 32: 2029-32.
    • (2001) Stroke , vol.32 , pp. 2029-2032
    • Weih, M.1    Amberger, N.2    Wegener, S.3
  • 76
    • 0345647088 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hyperinsulinemia and the risk of stroke in healthy middle-aged men: The 22-year follow-up results of the Helsinki Policemen study
    • Pyorala M, Miettinen H, Laakso M, Pyorala K. Hyperinsulinemia and the risk of stroke in healthy middle-aged men: The 22-year follow-up results of the Helsinki Policemen study. Stroke 1998; 29: 1860-6.
    • (1998) Stroke , vol.29 , pp. 180-186
    • Pyorala, M.1    Miettinen, H.2    Laakso, M.3    Pyorala, K.4
  • 77
    • 0025375639 scopus 로고
    • Incidence of hypertension and stroke in relation to body fat distribution and other risk factors in older women
    • Folsom AR, Prineas RJ, Kaye SA, Munger RG. Incidence of hypertension and stroke in relation to body fat distribution and other risk factors in older women. Stroke 1990; 21: 701-6.
    • (1990) Stroke , vol.21 , pp. 701-706
    • Folsom, A.R.1    Prineas, R.J.2    Kaye, S.A.3    Munger, R.G.4
  • 78
    • 0033017174 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Insulin resistance and classic risk factors in type 2 diabetic patients with different subtypes of ischemic stroke
    • Matsumoto K, Miyake S, Yano M et al. Insulin resistance and classic risk factors in type 2 diabetic patients with different subtypes of ischemic stroke. Diabetes Care 1999; 22: 1191-5.
    • (1999) Diabetes Care , vol.22 , pp. 1191-1195
    • Matsumoto, K.1    Miyake, S.2    Yano, M.3
  • 79
    • 0038313134 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pioglitazone improves insulin sensitivity among nondiabetic patients with a recent transient ischemic attack or ischemic stroke
    • Kernan WN, Inzucchi SE, Viscoli CM et al. Pioglitazone improves insulin sensitivity among nondiabetic patients with a recent transient ischemic attack or ischemic stroke. Stroke 2003; 34: 1431-1436
    • (2003) Stroke , vol.34 , pp. 1431-1436
    • Kernan, W.N.1    Inzucchi, S.E.2    Viscoli, C.M.3
  • 80
    • 4344692482 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pleiotropic actions of PPAR gamma activators thiazolidinediones in cardiovascular diseases
    • Takano H, Hasegawa H, Zou Y, Komuro I. Pleiotropic actions of PPAR gamma activators thiazolidinediones in cardiovascular diseases. Curr Pharm Des 2004; 10: 2779-86.
    • (2004) Curr Pharm Des , vol.10 , pp. 2779-2786
    • Takano, H.1    Hasegawa, H.2    Zou, Y.3    Komuro, I.4
  • 81
    • 3042714528 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The prospective pioglitazone clinical trial in macrovascular events (PROactive): Can pioglitazone reduce cardiovascular events in diabetes? Study design and baseline characteristics of 5238 patients
    • Charbonnel B, Dormandy J, Erdmann E et al. The prospective pioglitazone clinical trial in macrovascular events (PROactive): Can pioglitazone reduce cardiovascular events in diabetes? Study design and baseline characteristics of 5238 patients. Diabetes Care 2004; 27: 1647-53.
    • (2004) Diabetes Care , vol.27 , pp. 1647-1653
    • Charbonnel, B.1    Dormandy, J.2    Erdmann, E.3
  • 82
    • 0028938324 scopus 로고
    • Endarterectomy for asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis
    • Executive Committee for the Asymptomatic Carotid Atherosclerosis Study
    • Executive Committee for the Asymptomatic Carotid Atherosclerosis Study. Endarterectomy for asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis. JAMA 1995; 273: 1421-8.
    • (1995) JAMA , vol.273 , pp. 1421-1428
  • 83
    • 0025734372 scopus 로고
    • Beneficial effect of carotid endarterectomy in symptomatic patients with high-grade carotid stenosis
    • North American Symptomatic Carotid Endarterectomy Trial Collaborators
    • North American Symptomatic Carotid Endarterectomy Trial Collaborators. Beneficial effect of carotid endarterectomy in symptomatic patients with high-grade carotid stenosis. N Engl J Med 1991; 325: 445-53.
    • (1991) N Engl J Med , vol.325 , pp. 445-453
  • 84
    • 0033179709 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diabetes mellitus as a risk factor for early outcome after carotid endarterectomy - A population-based study
    • Ahari A, Bergqvist D, Troeng T et al. Diabetes mellitus as a risk factor for early outcome after carotid endarterectomy - a population-based study. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 1999; 18: 122-6.
    • (1999) Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg , vol.18 , pp. 122-126
    • Ahari, A.1    Bergqvist, D.2    Troeng, T.3
  • 85
    • 0035134172 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is diabetes mellitus a risk factor for carotid endarterectomy? A prospective study
    • Ballotta E, Da Giau G, Renon L. Is diabetes mellitus a risk factor for carotid endarterectomy? A prospective study. Surgery 2001; 129: 146-52.
    • (2001) Surgery , vol.129 , pp. 146-152
    • Ballotta, E.1    Da Giau, G.2    Renon, L.3
  • 87
    • 0033662997 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Smoking cessation guidelines for health professionals: An update. Health Education Authority
    • West R, McNeill A, Raw M. Smoking cessation guidelines for health professionals: An update. Health Education Authority. Thorax 2000; 55: 987-99.
    • (2000) Thorax , vol.55 , pp. 987-999
    • West, R.1    McNeill, A.2    Raw, M.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.