메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 80, Issue 4, 2005, Pages 573-588

The role of eyespots as anti-predator mechanisms, principally demonstrated in the Lepidoptera

Author keywords

Antipredator signals; Colour patterns; Deflection; Eyespots; False head; Lepidoptera; Receiver psychology; Startle displays; Visual signals

Indexed keywords

BODY REGIONS; COLOR VISION; FOWL; HYPOTHESIS; LEPIDOPTERA; NONHUMAN; PREDATOR; PREDATOR AVOIDANCE; REVIEW; SENSORY SYSTEM; SEXUAL SELECTION; STARTLE REFLEX; ANIMAL; BUTTERFLY; COLOR; FEMALE; FORELIMB; GENETIC SELECTION; MALE; MOTH; PHYSIOLOGY; PIGMENTATION; PREDATION; SEXUAL BEHAVIOR; VISION;

EID: 33644817570     PISSN: 14647931     EISSN: 1469185X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1017/S1464793105006810     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (213)

References (137)
  • 1
    • 0029662718 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tracking the evolution of warning signals
    • ALATALO, R. V. & MAPPES, J. (1996). Tracking the evolution of warning signals. Nature 382, 708-709.
    • (1996) Nature , vol.382 , pp. 708-709
    • Alatalo, R.V.1    Mappes, J.2
  • 2
    • 84990810031 scopus 로고
    • The role of eyespots in predator recognition and antipredatory behaviour of the paradise fish, Macropodus opercularis L.
    • ALTBÄCKER, V. & CSÁNYI, V. (1990). The role of eyespots in predator recognition and antipredatory behaviour of the paradise fish, Macropodus opercularis L. Ethology 85, 51-57.
    • (1990) Ethology , vol.85 , pp. 51-57
    • Altbäcker, V.1    Csányi, V.2
  • 6
    • 0038699979 scopus 로고
    • Does bird predation influence the spot-number variation in Maniola jurtina (Lepidoptera)?
    • BENGTSON, S.-A. (1981). Does bird predation influence the spot-number variation in Maniola jurtina (Lepidoptera)? Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 15, 23-27.
    • (1981) Biological Journal of the Linnean Society , vol.15 , pp. 23-27
    • Bengtson, S.-A.1
  • 8
    • 33748923115 scopus 로고
    • The function of eyespot patterns in the Lepidoptera
    • BLEST, A. D. (1957). The function of eyespot patterns in the Lepidoptera. Behaviour 11, 209-256.
    • (1957) Behaviour , vol.11 , pp. 209-256
    • Blest, A.D.1
  • 9
    • 0020423929 scopus 로고
    • Ecological studies on the butterfly Maniola jurtina in Britain. I. Adult behaviour, microdistribution and dispersal
    • BRAKEFIELD, P. M. (1982). Ecological studies on the butterfly Maniola jurtina in Britain. I. Adult behaviour, microdistribution and dispersal. Journal of Animal Ecology 51, 713-726.
    • (1982) Journal of Animal Ecology , vol.51 , pp. 713-726
    • Brakefield, P.M.1
  • 10
    • 0000045243 scopus 로고
    • The ecological genetics of quantitative characters of Maniola jurtina and other butterflies
    • eds. R. I. Vane-Wright and P. R. Ackery, Princeton University Press, New Jersey
    • BRAKEFIELD, P. M. (1984). The ecological genetics of quantitative characters of Maniola jurtina and other butterflies. In The Biology of Butterflies (eds. R. I. Vane-Wright and P. R. Ackery), pp. 167-190. Princeton University Press, New Jersey.
    • (1984) The Biology of Butterflies , pp. 167-190
    • Brakefield, P.M.1
  • 11
    • 0001255203 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Seasonal polyphenism in butterflies and natural selection
    • BRAKEFIELD, P. M. (1996). Seasonal polyphenism in butterflies and natural selection. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 11, 275-277.
    • (1996) Trends in Ecology and Evolution , vol.11 , pp. 275-277
    • Brakefield, P.M.1
  • 12
    • 0035881789 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Structure of a character and the evolution of butterfly eyespot patterns
    • BRAKEFIELD, P. M. (2001). Structure of a character and the evolution of butterfly eyespot patterns. Journal of Experimental Zoology 291, 93-104.
    • (2001) Journal of Experimental Zoology , vol.291 , pp. 93-104
    • Brakefield, P.M.1
  • 13
    • 0028937296 scopus 로고
    • Eyespot development on butterfly wings : The epidermal response to damage
    • BRAKEFIELD, P. M. & FRENCH, V. (1995). Eyespot development on butterfly wings : the epidermal response to damage. Journal of Developmental Biology 168, 98-111.
    • (1995) Journal of Developmental Biology , vol.168 , pp. 98-111
    • Brakefield, P.M.1    French, V.2
  • 14
    • 0021592999 scopus 로고
    • The evolutionary significance of dry and wet season forms in some tropical butterflies
    • BRAKEFIELD, P. M. & LARSEN, T. B. (1984). The evolutionary significance of dry and wet season forms in some tropical butterflies. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 22, 1-12.
    • (1984) Biological Journal of the Linnean Society , vol.22 , pp. 1-12
    • Brakefield, P.M.1    Larsen, T.B.2
  • 15
    • 0037157454 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Female choice depends on size but not symmetry of dorsal eyespots in the butterfly Bicyclus anynana
    • BREUKER, C. J. & BRAKEFIELD, P. M. (2002). Female choice depends on size but not symmetry of dorsal eyespots in the butterfly Bicyclus anynana. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, Series B 269, 1233-1239.
    • (2002) Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, Series B , vol.269 , pp. 1233-1239
    • Breuker, C.J.1    Brakefield, P.M.2
  • 16
    • 0022225951 scopus 로고
    • Spot distribution in the meadow brown butterfly, Maniola jurtina L. (Lepidoptera: Satyridae): South Welsh populations
    • BROOKE, M. DE. L., LEES, D. R. & LAWMAN, J. M. (1985). Spot distribution in the meadow brown butterfly, Maniola jurtina L. (Lepidoptera: Satyridae): South Welsh populations. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 24, 337-348.
    • (1985) Biological Journal of the Linnean Society , vol.24 , pp. 337-348
    • Brooke, M.De.L.1    Lees, D.R.2    Lawman, J.M.3
  • 18
    • 0031282324 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Colour appearance depends on the variance of surrounding colours
    • BROWN, R. O. & MACLEOD, D. I. A. (1997). Colour appearance depends on the variance of surrounding colours. Current Biology 7, 844-849.
    • (1997) Current Biology , vol.7 , pp. 844-849
    • Brown, R.O.1    Macleod, D.I.A.2
  • 21
    • 0021263569 scopus 로고
    • The ultraviolet receptor of bird retinas
    • CHEN, D., COLLINS, J. S. & GOLDSMITH, T. H. (1984). The ultraviolet receptor of bird retinas. Science 225, 337-340.
    • (1984) Science , vol.225 , pp. 337-340
    • Chen, D.1    Collins, J.S.2    Goldsmith, T.H.3
  • 22
    • 0022908353 scopus 로고
    • Four spectral classes of cone in the retinas of birds
    • CHEN, D. & GOLDSMITH, T. H. (1986). Four spectral classes of cone in the retinas of birds. Journal of Comparative Physiology A 159, 473-479.
    • (1986) Journal of Comparative Physiology A , vol.159 , pp. 473-479
    • Chen, D.1    Goldsmith, T.H.2
  • 23
    • 0033013549 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trichromatic opponent colour classification
    • CHICHILNISKY, E. J. & WANDELL, B. A. (1999). Trichromatic opponent colour classification. Vision Research 39, 3444-3458.
    • (1999) Vision Research , vol.39 , pp. 3444-3458
    • Chichilnisky, E.J.1    Wandell, B.A.2
  • 24
    • 24744438783 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Avian ultraviolet vision and its implications for insect protective colouration
    • eds. H. van Emden and M. Rothschild, Intercept Ltd, Andover Hants, UK
    • CHURCH, S. C., BENNEIT, A. T. D., CUTHILL, I. C. & PARTRIDGE, J. C. (2004). Avian ultraviolet vision and its implications for insect protective colouration. In Insect and Bird Interactions (eds. H. van Emden and M. Rothschild), pp. 165-18. Intercept Ltd, Andover (Hants, UK).
    • (2004) Insect and Bird Interactions , pp. 165-218
    • Church, S.C.1    Benneit, A.T.D.2    Cuthill, I.C.3    Partridge, J.C.4
  • 25
    • 0041739264 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Flexural stiffness in insect wings I. Scaling and the influence of wing venation
    • COMBES, S. A. & DANIEL, T. L. (2003). Flexural stiffness in insect wings I. Scaling and the influence of wing venation. Journal of Experimental Biology 206, 2979-2987.
    • (2003) Journal of Experimental Biology , vol.206 , pp. 2979-2987
    • Combes, S.A.1    Daniel, T.L.2
  • 26
    • 0025956462 scopus 로고
    • Influence of detectability and ability to escape on natural selection of conspicuous autotomous defences
    • COOPER, W. E. JR. & VITT, L. J. (1991). Influence of detectability and ability to escape on natural selection of conspicuous autotomous defences. Canadian Journal of Zoology 69, 757-764.
    • (1991) Canadian Journal of Zoology , vol.69 , pp. 757-764
    • Cooper Jr., W.E.1    Vitt, L.J.2
  • 27
    • 84956454912 scopus 로고
    • The effect of experience and novelty on avian feeding behaviour with reference to the evolution of warning colouration in butterflies. Part I: Reactions of wild-caught adult blue jays to novel insects
    • COPPINGER, R. P. (1969). The effect of experience and novelty on avian feeding behaviour with reference to the evolution of warning colouration in butterflies. Part I: Reactions of wild-caught adult blue jays to novel insects. Behaviour 35, 45-60.
    • (1969) Behaviour , vol.35 , pp. 45-60
    • Coppinger, R.P.1
  • 28
    • 0000380446 scopus 로고
    • The effect of experience and novelty on avian feeding behavior with reference to the evolution of warning colouration in butterflies. II. Reactions of naïve birds to novel insects
    • COPPINGER, R. P. (1970). The effect of experience and novelty on avian feeding behavior with reference to the evolution of warning colouration in butterflies. II. Reactions of naïve birds to novel insects. American Naturalist 104, 323-335.
    • (1970) American Naturalist , vol.104 , pp. 323-335
    • Coppinger, R.P.1
  • 29
    • 0025194106 scopus 로고
    • Attentional modulation of neural processing of shape, color, and velocity in humans
    • CORBETTA, M., MIEZIN, F. M., DOBMEYER, S., SHULMAN, G. L. & PETERSEN, S. E. (1990). Attentional modulation of neural processing of shape, color, and velocity in humans. Science 248, 1556-1559.
    • (1990) Science , vol.248 , pp. 1556-1559
    • Corbetta, M.1    Miezin, F.M.2    Dobmeyer, S.3    Shulman, G.L.4    Petersen, S.E.5
  • 30
    • 0035122004 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A different look at the false head of butterflies
    • CORDERO, C. (2001). A different look at the false head of butterflies. Ecological Entomology 26, 106-108.
    • (2001) Ecological Entomology , vol.26 , pp. 106-108
    • Cordero, C.1
  • 31
    • 84966030932 scopus 로고
    • Perceptual determinants of gaze aversion by the lesser mouse lemur (Microcebus murinus), the role of two facing eyes
    • COSS, R. G. (1978). Perceptual determinants of gaze aversion by the lesser mouse lemur (Microcebus murinus), the role of two facing eyes. Behaviour 64, 248-270.
    • (1978) Behaviour , vol.64 , pp. 248-270
    • Coss, R.G.1
  • 33
    • 0005796584 scopus 로고
    • The Ethology of Predation
    • Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York
    • CURIO, E. (1976). The Ethology of Predation. Zoophysiology and Ecology. 7. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York.
    • (1976) Zoophysiology and Ecology , pp. 7
    • Curio, E.1
  • 34
    • 0000242612 scopus 로고
    • Proximate and developmental aspects of antipredator behaviour
    • CURIO, E. (1993). Proximate and developmental aspects of antipredator behaviour. Advances in the Study of Behaviour 22, 135-238.
    • (1993) Advances in the Study of Behaviour , vol.22 , pp. 135-238
    • Curio, E.1
  • 35
    • 0032993783 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Plumage reflectance and the objective assessment of avian sexual dichromatism
    • CUTHILL, I. C., BENNETT, A. T. D., PARTRIDGE, J. C. & MAIER, E. J. (1999). Plumage reflectance and the objective assessment of avian sexual dichromatism. American Naturalist 160, 183-200.
    • (1999) American Naturalist , vol.160 , pp. 183-200
    • Cuthill, I.C.1    Bennett, A.T.D.2    Partridge, J.C.3    Maier, E.J.4
  • 41
    • 0036368459 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The eyes have it: A perceptual investigation of eyespots
    • DZIURAWEIC, S. & DERȨGOWSKI, J. B. (2002). The eyes have it: a perceptual investigation of eyespots. Perception 31, 1313-1322.
    • (2002) Perception , vol.31 , pp. 1313-1322
    • Dziuraweic, S.1    Derȩgowski, J.B.2
  • 43
    • 0038361722 scopus 로고
    • Significance of beak marks on butterfly wings
    • EDMUNDS, M. (1974b). Significance of beak marks on butterfly wings. Oikos 25, 117-118.
    • (1974) Oikos , vol.25 , pp. 117-118
    • Edmunds, M.1
  • 45
    • 0242383332 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of vision in prey detection by brown long-eared bats Plecotus auritus
    • EKLÖF, J. & JONES, G. (2003). Use of vision in prey detection by brown long-eared bats Plecotus auritus. Animal Behaviour 66, 949-953.
    • (2003) Animal Behaviour , vol.66 , pp. 949-953
    • Eklöf, J.1    Jones, G.2
  • 46
    • 0000324404 scopus 로고
    • A predator's view of animal color patterns
    • ENDLER, J. A. (1978). A predator's view of animal color patterns. Evolutionary Biology 11, 319-364.
    • (1978) Evolutionary Biology , vol.11 , pp. 319-364
    • Endler, J.A.1
  • 47
    • 0003009970 scopus 로고
    • Natural selection on color patterns in Poecilia reticulata
    • ENDLER, J. A. (1980). Natural selection on color patterns in Poecilia reticulata. Evolution 34, 76-91.
    • (1980) Evolution , vol.34 , pp. 76-91
    • Endler, J.A.1
  • 48
    • 58149368551 scopus 로고
    • Predation, light intensity, and courtship behaviour in Poecilia reticulata
    • ENDLER, J. A. (1987). Predation, light intensity, and courtship behaviour in Poecilia reticulata. Animal Behaviour 35, 1376-1385.
    • (1987) Animal Behaviour , vol.35 , pp. 1376-1385
    • Endler, J.A.1
  • 50
    • 0025658553 scopus 로고
    • On the measurement and classification of colour in studies of animal colour patterns
    • ENDLER, J. A. (1990). On the measurement and classification of colour in studies of animal colour patterns. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 41, 315-352.
    • (1990) Biological Journal of the Linnean Society , vol.41 , pp. 315-352
    • Endler, J.A.1
  • 51
    • 0025968824 scopus 로고
    • Variation in the appearance of guppy color patterns to guppies and their predators under different visual conditions
    • ENDLER, J. A. (1991). Variation in the appearance of guppy color patterns to guppies and their predators under different visual conditions. Vision Research 31, 587-608.
    • (1991) Vision Research , vol.31 , pp. 587-608
    • Endler, J.A.1
  • 52
    • 0026499794 scopus 로고
    • Signals, signal conditions, and the direction of evolution
    • ENDLER, J. A. (1992). Signals, signal conditions, and the direction of evolution. American Naturalist 139, S125-S153.
    • (1992) American Naturalist , vol.139
    • Endler, J.A.1
  • 53
    • 0027488236 scopus 로고
    • The color of light in forests and its implications
    • ENDLER, J. A. (1993). The color of light in forests and its implications. Ecological Monographs 63, 1-27.
    • (1993) Ecological Monographs , vol.63 , pp. 1-27
    • Endler, J.A.1
  • 54
    • 0028075794 scopus 로고
    • Symmetry, beauty & evolution
    • ENQUIST, M. & ARAK, A. (1994). Symmetry, beauty & evolution. Nature 372, 169-172.
    • (1994) Nature , vol.372 , pp. 169-172
    • Enquist, M.1    Arak, A.2
  • 55
    • 0001021492 scopus 로고
    • Sensory influences on physical design of a visual display
    • FLEISHMAN, L. J. (1988). Sensory influences on physical design of a visual display. Animal Behaviour 36, 1420-1424.
    • (1988) Animal Behaviour , vol.36 , pp. 1420-1424
    • Fleishman, L.J.1
  • 56
    • 1542755837 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Asymmetry in size, shape, and color impairs the protective value of conspicuous color patterns
    • FORSMAN, A. & HERRSTRÖM, J. (2004). Asymmetry in size, shape, and color impairs the protective value of conspicuous color patterns. Behavioral Ecology 15, 141-147.
    • (2004) Behavioral Ecology , vol.15 , pp. 141-147
    • Forsman, A.1    Herrström, J.2
  • 57
    • 0033396564 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fearful symmetry: Pattern size and asymmetry affects aposematic signal efficacy
    • FORSMAN, A. & MERILAITA, S. (1999). Fearful symmetry: pattern size and asymmetry affects aposematic signal efficacy. Evolutionary Ecology 13, 131-140.
    • (1999) Evolutionary Ecology , vol.13 , pp. 131-140
    • Forsman, A.1    Merilaita, S.2
  • 58
    • 0348223993 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fearful symmetry? Intra-individual comparisons of asymmetry in cryptic versus signalling colour patterns in butterflies
    • FORSMAN, A. & MERILAITA, S. (2003). Fearful symmetry? Intra-individual comparisons of asymmetry in cryptic versus signalling colour patterns in butterflies. Evolutionary Ecology 17, 491-507.
    • (2003) Evolutionary Ecology , vol.17 , pp. 491-507
    • Forsman, A.1    Merilaita, S.2
  • 59
    • 0026671976 scopus 로고
    • The development of eyespot patterns on butterfly wings: Morphogen sources or sinks
    • FRENCH, V. & BRAKEFIELD, P. M. (1992). The development of eyespot patterns on butterfly wings: morphogen sources or sinks. Development 116, 103-109.
    • (1992) Development , vol.116 , pp. 103-109
    • French, V.1    Brakefield, P.M.2
  • 60
    • 0019324705 scopus 로고
    • Hummingbirds see near ultraviolet light
    • GOLDSMITH, T. H. (1980). Hummingbirds see near ultraviolet light. Science 207, 786-788.
    • (1980) Science , vol.207 , pp. 786-788
    • Goldsmith, T.H.1
  • 61
    • 0025483161 scopus 로고
    • Optimisation, constraint, and history in the evolution of eyes
    • GOLDSMITH, T. H. (1990). Optimisation, constraint, and history in the evolution of eyes. The Quarterly Review of Biology 65, 281-322.
    • (1990) The Quarterly Review of Biology , vol.65 , pp. 281-322
    • Goldsmith, T.H.1
  • 63
    • 0025997821 scopus 로고
    • Receiver psychology and the evolution of animal signals
    • GUILFORD, T. & DAWKINS, M. S. (1991). Receiver psychology and the evolution of animal signals. Animal Behaviour 42, 1-14.
    • (1991) Animal Behaviour , vol.42 , pp. 1-14
    • Guilford, T.1    Dawkins, M.S.2
  • 64
    • 0034894340 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The visual ecology of avian photoreceptors
    • HART, N. S. (2001). The visual ecology of avian photoreceptors. Progress in Retinal and Eye Research 20, 675-703.
    • (2001) Progress in Retinal and Eye Research , vol.20 , pp. 675-703
    • Hart, N.S.1
  • 65
    • 4444357728 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differential wing strength in Pierella butterflies (Nymphalidae, Satyrinae) supports the deflection hypothesis
    • HILL, R. I. & VACA, J. F. (2004). Differential wing strength in Pierella butterflies (Nymphalidae, Satyrinae) supports the deflection hypothesis. Biotropica 36, 362-370.
    • (2004) Biotropica , vol.36 , pp. 362-370
    • Hill, R.I.1    Vaca, J.F.2
  • 67
    • 0037211234 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Social phobies do not see eye to eye: A visual scanpath study of emotional expression processing
    • HORLEY, K., WILLIAMS, L. M., GONSALVEZ, C. & GORDON, E. (2003). Social phobies do not see eye to eye: a visual scanpath study of emotional expression processing. Anxiety Disorders 17, 33-44.
    • (2003) Anxiety Disorders , vol.17 , pp. 33-44
    • Horley, K.1    Williams, L.M.2    Gonsalvez, C.3    Gordon, E.4
  • 69
    • 0000534364 scopus 로고
    • Protean defence by prey animals
    • HUMPHRIES, D. A. & DRIVER, P. M. (1970). Protean defence by prey animals. Oecologia 5, 285-302.
    • (1970) Oecologia , vol.5 , pp. 285-302
    • Humphries, D.A.1    Driver, P.M.2
  • 70
    • 0005307042 scopus 로고
    • Der Spektrale sehbereich eines Violetta kolibris
    • HUTH, H. H. & BURKHARDT, D. (1972). Der Spektrale sehbereich eines Violetta kolibris. Naturwissenschaften 59, 650.
    • (1972) Naturwissenschaften , vol.59 , pp. 650
    • Huth, H.H.1    Burkhardt, D.2
  • 72
    • 0345392771 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Receiver bias for colourful signals
    • JANSSON, L. & ENQUIST, M. (2003). Receiver bias for colourful signals. Animal Behaviour 66, 965-971.
    • (2003) Animal Behaviour , vol.66 , pp. 965-971
    • Jansson, L.1    Enquist, M.2
  • 73
    • 0010542891 scopus 로고
    • Reactions of male domestic chicks to two-dimensional eye-like shapes
    • JONES, R. B. (1980). Reactions of male domestic chicks to two-dimensional eye-like shapes. Animal Behaviour 28, 212-218.
    • (1980) Animal Behaviour , vol.28 , pp. 212-218
    • Jones, R.B.1
  • 75
    • 0026305355 scopus 로고
    • Parasematic coloration: A novel antipredator mechanism in tiger beetles (Coleoptera, Cicindelidae)
    • KAMOUN, S. (1991). Parasematic coloration: a novel antipredator mechanism in tiger beetles (Coleoptera, Cicindelidae). Coleopterists Bulletin 45, 15-19.
    • (1991) Coleopterists Bulletin , vol.45 , pp. 15-19
    • Kamoun, S.1
  • 76
    • 0000923743 scopus 로고
    • Insect survival and selection for pattern
    • KETTLEWELL, H. B. D. (1965). Insect survival and selection for pattern. Science 148, 1290-1296.
    • (1965) Science , vol.148 , pp. 1290-1296
    • Kettlewell, H.B.D.1
  • 78
    • 0028081302 scopus 로고
    • Symmetry without fear
    • KIRKPATRICK, M. & ROSENTHAL, G. G. (1994). Symmetry without fear. Nature 372, 134-135.
    • (1994) Nature , vol.372 , pp. 134-135
    • Kirkpatrick, M.1    Rosenthal, G.G.2
  • 79
    • 33644903035 scopus 로고
    • Facial mimicry in the animal kingdom
    • LANGERHOLC, J. (1991). Facial mimicry in the animal kingdom. Bollettino Di Zoologia 58, 185-204.
    • (1991) Bollettino di Zoologia , vol.58 , pp. 185-204
    • Langerholc, J.1
  • 81
    • 0037986572 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Significance of butterfly eyespots as an antipredator device in ground-based and aerial attacks
    • LYYTINEN, A., BRAKEFIELD, P. M. & MAPPES, J. (2003). Significance of butterfly eyespots as an antipredator device in ground-based and aerial attacks. Oikos 100, 373-379.
    • (2003) Oikos , vol.100 , pp. 373-379
    • Lyytinen, A.1    Brakefield, P.M.2    Mappes, J.3
  • 83
    • 0001539427 scopus 로고
    • Colour vision in the passeriform bird, Leiothrix lutea: Correlation of visual pigment absorbency and oil droplet transmission with spectral sensitivity
    • MAIER, E. J. & BOWMAKER, J. K. (1993). Colour vision in the passeriform bird, Leiothrix lutea: correlation of visual pigment absorbency and oil droplet transmission with spectral sensitivity. Journal of Comparative Physiology A 172, 295-301.
    • (1993) Journal of Comparative Physiology A , vol.172 , pp. 295-301
    • Maier, E.J.1    Bowmaker, J.K.2
  • 84
    • 0033278357 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neophobia and dietary conservatism: Two distinct processes?
    • MARPLES, N. M. & KELLY, D. J. (2001). Neophobia and dietary conservatism: two distinct processes? Evolutionary Ecology 13, 641-653.
    • (2001) Evolutionary Ecology , vol.13 , pp. 641-653
    • Marples, N.M.1    Kelly, D.J.2
  • 86
    • 0036638971 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interrelations among habitat use, behavior, and flight-related morphology in two cooccurring Satyrine butterflies, Maniola jurtina and Pyronia tithonus
    • MERCKX, T. & VAN DYCK, H. (2002). Interrelations among habitat use, behavior, and flight-related morphology in two cooccurring Satyrine butterflies, Maniola jurtina and Pyronia tithonus. Journal of Insect Behavior 15, 541-561.
    • (2002) Journal of Insect Behavior , vol.15 , pp. 541-561
    • Merckx, T.1    Van Dyck, H.2
  • 87
    • 0029542898 scopus 로고
    • The ontogeny of antipredator behaviour in paradise fish larvae (Macropodus opercularis): The recognition of eyespots
    • MIKLÓSI, Á., BERZSENYI, G., PONGRÁCZ, P. & CSÁNYI, V. (1995). The ontogeny of antipredator behaviour in paradise fish larvae (Macropodus opercularis): the recognition of eyespots. Ethology 100, 284-294.
    • (1995) Ethology , vol.100 , pp. 284-294
    • Miklósi, Á.1    Berzsenyi, G.2    Pongrácz, P.3    Csányi, V.4
  • 88
    • 0033083358 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The ontogeny of antipredator behaviour in paradise fish larvae III. Size related avoidance of predator models
    • MIKLÓSI, Á. & CSÁNYI, V. (1999). The ontogeny of antipredator behaviour in paradise fish larvae III. Size related avoidance of predator models. Journal of Fish Biology 54, 328-337.
    • (1999) Journal of Fish Biology , vol.54 , pp. 328-337
    • Miklósi, Á.1    Csányi, V.2
  • 89
    • 0028253489 scopus 로고
    • The evolutionary genetics and developmental basis of wing pattern variation in the butterfly Bicyclus anynana
    • MONTEIRO, A. F., BRAKEFIELD, P. M. & FRENCH, V. (1994). The evolutionary genetics and developmental basis of wing pattern variation in the butterfly Bicyclus anynana. Evolution 48, 1147-1157.
    • (1994) Evolution , vol.48 , pp. 1147-1157
    • Monteiro, A.F.1    Brakefield, P.M.2    French, V.3
  • 90
    • 0030770121 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Butterfly eyespots: The genetics and development of the color rings
    • MONTEIRO, A., BRAKEFIELD, P. M. & FRENCH, V. (1997a). Butterfly eyespots: the genetics and development of the color rings. Evolution 51, 1207-1216.
    • (1997) Evolution , vol.51 , pp. 1207-1216
    • Monteiro, A.1    Brakefield, P.M.2    French, V.3
  • 91
    • 0030609531 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The relationship between eyespot shape and wing shape in the butterfly Bicyclus anynana: A genetic and morphometrical approach
    • MONTEIRO, A., BRAKEFIELD, P. M. & FRENCH, V. (1997b). The relationship between eyespot shape and wing shape in the butterfly Bicyclus anynana: a genetic and morphometrical approach. Journal of Evolutionary Biology 10, 787-802.
    • (1997) Journal of Evolutionary Biology , vol.10 , pp. 787-802
    • Monteiro, A.1    Brakefield, P.M.2    French, V.3
  • 92
    • 0024898857 scopus 로고
    • Eye camouflage and false eyespots: Chaetodontid responses to predators
    • NEUDECKER, S. (1989). Eye camouflage and false eyespots: chaetodontid responses to predators. Environmental Biology of Fishes 25, 143-157.
    • (1989) Environmental Biology of Fishes , vol.25 , pp. 143-157
    • Neudecker, S.1
  • 94
    • 0019288118 scopus 로고
    • Pattern formation on Lepidopteran wings: Determination of an eyespot
    • NIJHOUT, H. F. (1980). Pattern formation on Lepidopteran wings: determination of an eyespot. Developmental Biology 80, 267-274.
    • (1980) Developmental Biology , vol.80 , pp. 267-274
    • Nijhout, H.F.1
  • 95
  • 97
    • 0038586513 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Complex distribution of avian color vision systems revealed by sequencing the SWS1 opsin from total DNA
    • ÖDEEN, A. & HÅSTAD, O. (2003). Complex distribution of avian color vision systems revealed by sequencing the SWS1 opsin from total DNA. Molecular Biology and Evolution 20, 855-861.
    • (2003) Molecular Biology and Evolution , vol.20 , pp. 855-861
    • Ödeen, A.1    Håstad, O.2
  • 98
    • 0033602212 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Accurate memory for colour but not pattern contrast in chicks
    • OSORIO, D., JONES, C. D. & VOROBYEV, M. (1999a). Accurate memory for colour but not pattern contrast in chicks. Current Biology 9, 199-202.
    • (1999) Current Biology , vol.9 , pp. 199-202
    • Osorio, D.1    Jones, C.D.2    Vorobyev, M.3
  • 100
    • 0025673230 scopus 로고
    • Interpopulation variation and selective predation in the meadow brown butterfly, Maniola jurtina (L.) (Lepidoptera: Satyridae) in the Canary Islands
    • OWEN, D. F. & SMITH, D. A. S. (1990). Interpopulation variation and selective predation in the meadow brown butterfly, Maniola jurtina (L.) (Lepidoptera: Satyridae) in the Canary Islands. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 39, 251-267.
    • (1990) Biological Journal of the Linnean Society , vol.39 , pp. 251-267
    • Owen, D.F.1    Smith, D.A.S.2
  • 101
    • 0005646231 scopus 로고
    • Spot variation in Maniola jurtina (L.) (Lepidoptera: Satyridae) in southern Portugal and a comparison with the Canary Islands
    • OWEN, D. F. & SMITH, D. A. S. (1993). Spot variation in Maniola jurtina (L.) (Lepidoptera: Satyridae) in southern Portugal and a comparison with the Canary Islands. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 49, 355-365.
    • (1993) Biological Journal of the Linnean Society , vol.49 , pp. 355-365
    • Owen, D.F.1    Smith, D.A.S.2
  • 102
    • 0004176064 scopus 로고
    • The University of Michigan Press
    • PORTMAN, A. (1959). Animal Camouflage. The University of Michigan Press.
    • (1959) Animal Camouflage
    • Portman, A.1
  • 104
    • 0001226784 scopus 로고
    • The lycaenid "false head" hypothesis: Historical review and quantitative analysis
    • ROBBINS, R. K. (1980). The lycaenid "false head" hypothesis: historical review and quantitative analysis. Journal of the Lepidopterists Society 34, 194-208.
    • (1980) Journal of the Lepidopterists Society , vol.34 , pp. 194-208
    • Robbins, R.K.1
  • 105
    • 0000080506 scopus 로고
    • The "false head" hypothesis: Predation and wing pattern variation of lycaenid Butterflies
    • ROBBINS, R. K. (1981). The "false head" hypothesis: predation and wing pattern variation of lycaenid Butterflies. American Naturalist 118, 770-775.
    • (1981) American Naturalist , vol.118 , pp. 770-775
    • Robbins, R.K.1
  • 106
    • 0004284614 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sinauer Associates, Inc. Sunderland, Massachusetts
    • RODIECK, R. W. (1998). The First Steps in Seeing. Sinauer Associates, Inc. Sunderland, Massachusetts.
    • (1998) The First Steps in Seeing
    • Rodieck, R.W.1
  • 107
    • 0027833048 scopus 로고
    • Effects of novelty on taste-avoidance learning in chicks
    • ROPER, T. J. (1993). Effects of novelty on taste-avoidance learning in chicks. Behaviour 125, 265-281.
    • (1993) Behaviour , vol.125 , pp. 265-281
    • Roper, T.J.1
  • 108
    • 0024927738 scopus 로고
    • Responses of chicks to brightly coloured insect prey
    • ROPER, T. J. & COOK, S. E. (1989). Responses of chicks to brightly coloured insect prey. Behaviour 110, 276-293.
    • (1989) Behaviour , vol.110 , pp. 276-293
    • Roper, T.J.1    Cook, S.E.2
  • 110
    • 2042474451 scopus 로고
    • On the maintenance of stability in hindwing diversity among moths of the genus Catocala (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
    • SARGENT, T. D. (1978). On the maintenance of stability in hindwing diversity among moths of the genus Catocala (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Evolution 32, 424-434.
    • (1978) Evolution , vol.32 , pp. 424-434
    • Sargent, T.D.1
  • 111
    • 0017264599 scopus 로고
    • The response to eye-like shapes by birds. I. The effect and context: A predator and a strange bird
    • SCAIFE, M. (1976a). The response to eye-like shapes by birds. I. The effect and context: a predator and a strange bird. Animal Behaviour 24, 195-199.
    • (1976) Animal Behaviour , vol.24 , pp. 195-199
    • Scaife, M.1
  • 112
    • 0017262457 scopus 로고
    • The response to eye-like shapes by birds. II. The importance of staring, pairedness and shape
    • SCAIFE, M. (1976b). The response to eye-like shapes by birds. II. The importance of staring, pairedness and shape. Animal Behaviour 24, 200-206.
    • (1976) Animal Behaviour , vol.24 , pp. 200-206
    • Scaife, M.1
  • 113
    • 0001505174 scopus 로고
    • The startle responses of blue jays to Catocala (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) prey models
    • SCHLENOFF, D. H. (1985). The startle responses of blue jays to Catocala (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) prey models. Animal Behaviour 33, 1057-1067.
    • (1985) Animal Behaviour , vol.33 , pp. 1057-1067
    • Schlenoff, D.H.1
  • 114
    • 0036862894 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The evolution of imperfect mimicry
    • SHERRATT, T. N. (2002). The evolution of imperfect mimicry. Behavioral Ecology 13, 821-826.
    • (2002) Behavioral Ecology , vol.13 , pp. 821-826
    • Sherratt, T.N.1
  • 116
    • 0021606882 scopus 로고
    • Habitat selection, mate-location, and microclimatic constraints on the activity of the speckled wood butterfly Pararge aegeria
    • SHREEVE, T. G. (1984). Habitat selection, mate-location, and microclimatic constraints on the activity of the speckled wood butterfly Pararge aegeria. Oikos 42, 371-377.
    • (1984) Oikos , vol.42 , pp. 371-377
    • Shreeve, T.G.1
  • 117
    • 0000316040 scopus 로고
    • The mate location behaviour of the speckled wood butterfly, Pararge aegeria, and the effect of phenotypic differences in hind-wing spotting
    • SHREEVE, T. G. (1987). The mate location behaviour of the speckled wood butterfly, Pararge aegeria, and the effect of phenotypic differences in hind-wing spotting. Animal Behaviour 35, 682-690.
    • (1987) Animal Behaviour , vol.35 , pp. 682-690
    • Shreeve, T.G.1
  • 118
    • 0000110892 scopus 로고
    • Visual communication and sexual selection among butterflies
    • eds. R. I. Vane-Wright and P. R. Ackery, Princeton University Press, New Jersey
    • SILBERGLIED, R. E. (1984). Visual communication and sexual selection among butterflies. In The Biology of Butterflies (eds. R. I. Vane-Wright and P. R. Ackery), pp. 207-223. Princeton University Press, New Jersey.
    • (1984) The Biology of Butterflies , pp. 207-223
    • Silberglied, R.E.1
  • 119
    • 0036851619 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ultraviolet colour perception in European starlings and Japanese quail
    • SMITH, E. L., GREENWOOD, V. J. & BENNETT, A. T. D. (2002). Ultraviolet colour perception in European starlings and Japanese quail. Journal of Experimental Biology 205, 3299-3306.
    • (2002) Journal of Experimental Biology , vol.205 , pp. 3299-3306
    • Smith, E.L.1    Greenwood, V.J.2    Bennett, A.T.D.3
  • 120
    • 84984499040 scopus 로고
    • The nature of the mimetic patterns of the brassolid genera, Caligo and Eryphanis
    • STRADLING, D. J. (1976). The nature of the mimetic patterns of the brassolid genera, Caligo and Eryphanis. Ecological Entomology 1, 135-138.
    • (1976) Ecological Entomology , vol.1 , pp. 135-138
    • Stradling, D.J.1
  • 122
    • 0039852579 scopus 로고
    • Revised Edition. Penguin Education Books
    • TINBERGEN, N. (1974). Curious Naturalists. Revised Edition. Penguin Education Books.
    • (1974) Curious Naturalists
    • Tinbergen, N.1
  • 123
    • 0027145362 scopus 로고
    • False head wing pattern of the Burmese junglequeen butterfly and the deception of avian predators
    • TONNER, M., NOVOTNÝ, V., LEPŚ, J. & KOMÁREK, S. (1993). False head wing pattern of the Burmese junglequeen butterfly and the deception of avian predators. Biotropica 25, 474-478.
    • (1993) Biotropica , vol.25 , pp. 474-478
    • Tonner, M.1    Novotný, V.2    Lepś, J.3    Komárek, S.4
  • 125
    • 0030937290 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of wing colour on male behavioural strategies in the speckled wood butterfly
    • VAN DYCK, H, MATTHYSEN, E. & DHONDT, A. A. (1997). The effect of wing colour on male behavioural strategies in the speckled wood butterfly. Animal Behaviour 53, 39-51.
    • (1997) Animal Behaviour , vol.53 , pp. 39-51
    • Van Dyck, H.1    Matthysen, E.2    Dhondt, A.A.3
  • 126
    • 20144373893 scopus 로고
    • Startle responses of blue jays to visual stimulus presented during feeding
    • VAUGHAN, F. A. (1983). Startle responses of blue jays to visual stimulus presented during feeding. Animal Behaviour 31, 385-396.
    • (1983) Animal Behaviour , vol.31 , pp. 385-396
    • Vaughan, F.A.1
  • 128
    • 0003953928 scopus 로고
    • Sinauer Associates, Inc. Sunderland, Massachusetts
    • WANDELL, B. A. (1995). Foundations of Vision. Sinauer Associates, Inc. Sunderland, Massachusetts.
    • (1995) Foundations of Vision
    • Wandell, B.A.1
  • 130
    • 0001570118 scopus 로고
    • Functional morphology of insect wings
    • WOOTTON, R. J. (1992). Functional morphology of insect wings. Annual Review of Entomology 37, 113-140.
    • (1992) Annual Review of Entomology , vol.37 , pp. 113-140
    • Wootton, R.J.1
  • 131
    • 0001495011 scopus 로고
    • Leading edge selection and asymmetric twisting in the wings of flying butterflies (Insecta, Papilionoidea)
    • WOOTTON, R. J. (1993). Leading edge selection and asymmetric twisting in the wings of flying butterflies (Insecta, Papilionoidea). Journal of Experimental Biology 180, 105-117.
    • (1993) Journal of Experimental Biology , vol.180 , pp. 105-117
    • Wootton, R.J.1
  • 132
    • 0022232253 scopus 로고
    • Butterfly wing markings are more advantageous during handling than during the initial strike of an avian predator
    • WOURMS, M. K. & WASSERMAN, F. E. (1985). Butterfly wing markings are more advantageous during handling than during the initial strike of an avian predator. Evolution 39, 845-851.
    • (1985) Evolution , vol.39 , pp. 845-851
    • Wourms, M.K.1    Wasserman, F.E.2
  • 133
    • 0015333877 scopus 로고
    • The influence of ultraviolet radiation on the pigeon's color discrimination
    • WRIGHT, A. A. (1972). The influence of ultraviolet radiation on the pigeon's color discrimination. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behaviour 17, 325-337.
    • (1972) Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behaviour , vol.17 , pp. 325-337
    • Wright, A.A.1
  • 135
    • 0033383265 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular basis of colour vision in vertebrates
    • YOKOYAMA, S. (1999). Molecular basis of colour vision in vertebrates. Genes and Genetic Systems 74, 189-199.
    • (1999) Genes and Genetic Systems , vol.74 , pp. 189-199
    • Yokoyama, S.1
  • 137
    • 0042785562 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Simultaneous selection on two fitness-related traits in the butterfly Bicyclus anynana
    • ZIJLSTRA, W. G., STEIGENGA, M. J., BRAKEFIELD, P. M. & ZWAAN, B. J. (2003). Simultaneous selection on two fitness-related traits in the butterfly Bicyclus anynana. Evolution 57, 1852-1862.
    • (2003) Evolution , vol.57 , pp. 1852-1862
    • Zijlstra, W.G.1    Steigenga, M.J.2    Brakefield, P.M.3    Zwaan, B.J.4


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.