Butterfly eyespots: The genetics and development of the color rings

Evolution

Volumn 51, Issue 4, 1997, Pages 1207-1216

  Monteiro, Antónia ^a,b,c   Brakefield, Paul M ^a   French, Vernon ^b  

^a LEIDEN UNIVERSITY   (Netherlands)

^b UNIVERSITY OF EDINBURGH   (United Kingdom)

^c HARVARD UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Bicyclus anynana; Butterfly; Color pattern; Correlated responses; Development; Eyespot; Gradient; Pattern formation; Selection; Thresholds; Wing pattern

Indexed keywords

COLOUR COMPOSITION; EYESPOT COLOUR; GENETICS; SEXUAL SELECTION; VISUAL SELECTION;

BICYCLUS ANYNANA; LEPIDOPTERA; NYMPHALIDAE; PAPILIONOIDEA; SATYRIDAE;

EID: 0030770121     PISSN: 00143820     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1997.tb03968.x     Document Type: Article

References (26)

1. BRAKEFIELD, P. M., AND V. FRENCH. 1993. Butterfly wing patterns: developmental mechanisms and evolutionary change. Acta Biother. 41:447-468.
2. _. 1995. Eyespot development on butterfly wings: The epidermal response to damage. Dev. Biol. 168:98-111.
3. BRAKEFIELD, P. M., AND T. B. LARSEN. 1984. The evolutionary significance of dry and wet season forms in some tropical butterflies. Biol. J. Linn. Soc. 22:1-12.
4. BRAKEFIELD, P. M., AND N. REITSMA. 1991. Phenotypic plasticity, seasonal climate and the population biology of Bicyclus butterflies in Malawi. Ecol. Entomol. 10:291-303.
5. CHEVERUD, J. M. 1984. Quantitative genetics and developmental constraints on evolution by selection. J. Theor. Biol. 110:155-171.
6. CONDAMIN, M. 1973. Monographie du genre Bicyclus (Lepidoptera Satyridae). Memoires de l'Institut Fondamental d'Afrique Noire. IFAN. Dakar.
7. FALCONER, D. S. 1989. Introduction to quantitative genetics. 3d ed. Longman, London.
8. FRENCH, V., AND P. M. BRAKEFIELD. 1992. The development of eyespot patterns on butterfly wings: morphogen sources or sinks? Development 116:103-109.
9. _. 1995. Eyespot development on butterfly wings: The focal signal. Dev. Biol. 168:112-123.
10. HOLLOWAY, G. J., P. M. BRAKEFIELD, AND S. KOFMAN. 1993. The genetics of wing pattern elements in the polyphenic butterfly, Bicyclus anynana. Heredity 70:1179-186.
11. MAYNARD SMITH, J., R. BURIAN, S. KAUFFMAN, P. ALBERCH, J. CAMPBELL, B. GOODWIN, R LANDE, D. RAUP AND L. WOLPERT. 1985. Developmental constraints and evolution. Q. Rev. Biol. 60:265-287.
12. MONTEIRO, A. F., P. M. BRAKEFIELD, AND V. FRENCH. 1994. The evolutionary genetics and developmental basis of wing pattern variation in the butterfly Bicyclus anynana. Evolution 48:1147-1157.
13. _. 1997. The genetics and development of an eyespot pattern in the butterfly Bicyclus anynana: response to selection for eyespot shape. Genetics 146:287-294.
14. NIJHOUT, H. F. 1978. Wing pattern formation in Lepidoptera: a model. J. Exp. Zool. 206:119-136.
15. _. 1980. Pattern formation on Lepidopteran wings: determination of an eyespot. Dev. Biol. 80:267-274.
16. _. 1985. Cautery-induced colour patterns in Precis coenia (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae). J. Embryol. Exp. Morph. 86:191-203.
17. _. 1990. A comprehensive model for color pattern formation in butterflies. Proc. R. Soc. B Biol. Sci 239:81-113.
18. _. 1991. The development and evolution of butterfly wing patterns. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, DC.
19. PAULSEN, S. M. 1994. Quantitative genetics of butterfly wing color patterns. Devel. Genet. 15:79-91.
20. PAULSEN, S. M., AND H. F. NIJHOUT. 1993. Phenotypic correlation structure among elements of the color pattern in Precis coenia (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae). Evolution 47:593-618.
21. SCHARLOO, W. 1990. The effect of developmental constraints on selection response. Pp. 197-210 in G. Vida and J. Maynard Smith, eds. Organisational constraints on the dynamics of evolution. Manchester Univ. Press, Manchester.
22. SOKAL, R. R., AND F. J. ROHLF. 1995. Biometry. 3d ed. Freeman, San Francisco, CA.
23. VAN DYCK, H., E. MATTHYSEN, AND A. A. DHONDT. 1997. The effect of wing colour on male behavioural strategies in the speckled wood butterfly. Anim. Behav. 53:39-51.
24. WINDIG, J. J. 1991. Quantification of Lepidoptera wing patterns using an image analyzer. J. Res. Lepid. 30:82-94.
25. WINDIG, J. J., P. M. BRAKEFIELD, N. REITSMA, AND J. G. M. WILSON. 1994. Seasonal polyphenism in the wild: survey of wing patterns in five species of Bicyclus butterflies in Malawi. Ecol. Entomol. 19:285-298.
26. WOURMS, M. K., AND F. E. WASSERMAN. 1985. Butterfly wing markings are more advantageous during handling than during the initial strike of an avian predator. Evolution 39:845-851.