Tunicates and not cephalochordates are the closest living relatives of vertebrates

Nature

Volumn 439, Issue 7079, 2006, Pages 965-968

  Delsuc, Frédéric ^a,c   Brinkmann, Henner ^a   Chourrout, Daniel ^b   Philippe, Hervé ^a  

^a Universite de Montreal   (Canada)

^b UNIVERSITY OF BERGEN   (Norway)

^c INSTITUT DES SCIENCES DE L EVOLUTION   (France)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BIODIVERSITY; GENES; MATHEMATICAL MODELS; MORPHOLOGY;

CEPHALOCHORDATES; PALAEONTOLOGICAL DATA; TUNICATES;

LIVING SYSTEMS STUDIES;

MORPHOLOGY; PHYLOGENETICS; VERTEBRATE;

ANIMAL; ARTICLE; CEPHALOCHORDATE; ECHINODERM; GENOMICS; HYPOTHESIS; MORPHOLOGY; NONHUMAN; PALEONTOLOGY; PHYLOGENY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; TUNICATE; VERTEBRATE;

ANIMALIA; APPENDICULARIA (CLASS); ASCIDIACEA; BRANCHIOSTOMIDAE; ECHINODERMATA; HAGFISH; OIKOPLEURA DIOICA; PETROMYZONTIDAE; SALPIDA; UROCHORDATA; VERTEBRATA;

EID: 33644536713     PISSN: 00280836     EISSN: 14764687     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1038/nature04336     Document Type: Article

References (30)

1. Schaeffer, B. Deuterostome monophyly and phylogeny. Evol. Biol. 21, 179-235 (1987).
2. Rowe, T. in Assembling the Tree of Life (eds Cracraft, J. & Donoghue, M. J.) 384-409 (Oxford Univ. Press, Oxford, 2004).
3. Gee, H. Before the Backbone: Views on the Origin of the Vertebrates (Chapman & Hall, London, 1996).
4. Zrzavy, J., Mihulka, S., Kepka, P., Bezdek, A. & Tietz, D. Phylogeny of the Metazoa based on morphological and 18S ribosomal DNA evidence. Cladistics 14, 249-285 (1998).
5. Winchell, C. J., Sullivan, J., Cameron, C. B., Swalla, B. J. & Mallatt, J. Evaluating hypotheses of deuterostome phylogeny and chordate evolution with new LSU and SSU ribosomal DNA data. Mol. Biol. Evol. 19, 762-776 (2002).
6. Blair, J. E. & Hedges, S. B. Molecular phylogeny and divergence times of deuterostome animals. Mol. Biol. Evol. 22, 2275-2284 (2005).
7. Philippe, H., Lartillot, N. & Brinkmann, H. Multigene analyses of bilaterian animals corroborate the monophyly of ecdysozoa, lophotrochozoa, and protostomia. Mol. Biol. Evol. 22, 1246-1253 (2005).
8. Delsuc, F., Brinkmann, H. & Philippe, H. Phylogenomics and the reconstruction of the tree of life. Nature Rev. Genet. 6, 361-375 (2005).
9. Gee, H. in Major Events in Early Vertebrate Evolution: Palaeontology, Phylogeny, Genetics, and Development (ed. Ahlberg, P. E.) 1-14 (Taylor and Francis, London, 2001).
10. Jefferies, R. P. S. in Biological Asymmetry and Handedness (eds Bock, G. R. & Marsh, J.) 94-127 (Wiley, Chichester, 1991).
11. Oda, H., Akiyama-Oda, Y. & Zhang, S. Two classic cadherin-related molecules with no cadherin extracellular repeats in the cephalochordate amphioxus: distinct adhesive specificities and possible involvement in the development of multicell-layered structures. J. Cell Sci. 117, 2757-2767 (2004).
12. Felsenstein, J. Inferring Phylogenies (Sinauer, Sunderland, Massachusetts, 2004).
13. Shimodaira, H. & Hasegawa, M. CONSEL: for assessing the confidence of phylogenetic tree selection. Bioinformatics 17, 1246-1247 (2001).
14. Felsenstein, J. Cases in which parsimony or compatibility methods will be positively misleading. Syst. Zool. 27, 401-410 (1978).
15. Yokobori, S., Oshima, T. & Wada, H. Complete nucleotide sequence of the mitochondrial genome of Doliolum nationalis with implications for evolution of urochordates. Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 34, 273-283 (2005).
16. Ruiz-Trillo, I., Riutort, M., Fourcade, H. M., Baguna, J. & Boore, J. L. Mitochondrial genome data support the basal position of Acoelomorpha and the polyphyly of the Platyhelminthes. Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 33, 321-332 (2004).
17. Conway Morris, S. The Cambrian "explosion": slow-fuse or megatonnage? Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 97, 4426-4429 (2000).
18. Bourlat, S. J., Nielsen, C., Lockyer, A. E., Littlewood, D. T. & Telford, M. J. Xenoturbella is a deuterostome that eats molluscs. Nature 424, 925-928 (2003).
19. Jefferies, R. P. S. The Ancestry of the Vertebrates (Cambridge Univ. Press, London, 1986).
20. Peterson, K. J. A phylogenetic test of the calcichordate scenario. Lethaia 28, 25-38 (1995).
21. Jefferies, R. P. S. A defence of the calcichordates. Lethaia 30, 1-10 (1997).
22. Ruppert, E. E. Key characters uniting hemichordates and chordates: homologies or homoplasies? Can. J. Zool. 83, 8-23 (2005).
23. Stone, J. R. & Hall, B. K. Latent homologues for the neural crest as an evolutionary novelty. Evol. Dev. 6, 123-129 (2004).
24. Jeffery, W. R., Strickler, A. G. & Yamamoto, Y. Migratory neural crest-like cells form body pigmentation in a urochordate embryo. Nature 431, 696-699 (2004).
25. Seo, H. C. et al. Hox cluster disintegration with persistent anteroposterior order of expression in Oikopleura dioica. Nature 431, 67-71 (2004).
26. Edvardsen, R. B. et al. Remodelling of the homeobox gene complement in the tunicate Oikopleura dioica. Curr. Biol. 15, R12-R13 (2005).
27. Holland, L. Z., Laudet, V. & Schubert, M. The chordate amphioxus: an emerging model organism for developmental biology. Cell. Mol. Life Sci. 61, 2290-2308 (2004).
28. Swofford, D. L. PAUP*: Phylogenetic Analyses Using Parsimony and Other Methods (Sinauer, Sunderland, Massachusetts, 2000).
29. Schmidt, H. A., Strimmer, K., Vingron, M. & von Haeseler, A. TREE-PUZZLE: maximum likelihood phylogenetic analysis using quartets and parallel computing. Bioinformatics 18, 502-504 (2002).
30. Yang, Z. PAML: a program package for phylogenetic analysis by maximum likelihood. Comput. Appl. Biosci. 13, 555-556 (1997).