The world bank as a transnational expertised institution

Global Governance

Volumn 12, Issue 1, 2006, Pages 77-95

  St Clair, Asunción Lera ^a,b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF BERGEN   (Norway)

^b UNIVERSITY OF OSLO   (Norway)

Author keywords

Expertise; Knowledge; Legitimacy; Poverty; World Bank

Indexed keywords

EID: 33344457301     PISSN: 10752846     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1163/19426720-01201007     Document Type: Article

References (45)

1. Clark A. Miller and Paul N. Edwards, "Introduction: The Globalization of Climate Science and Climate Politics," in Clark A. Miller and Paul N. Edwards, eds., Changing the Atmosphere: Expert Knowledge and Environmental Governance (Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 2001).
2. Devesh Kapur, "The Changing Anatomy of Governance of the World Bank," in Jonathan R. Pincus and Jeffrey A. Winters, eds., Reinventing the World Bank (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2002), p. 65.
3. World Bank, DEC, Knowledge for Change (Washington, D.C.: World Bank, 2003).
4. Christopher Gilbert and David Vines, "The World Bank: An Overview of Some Major Issues," in Gilbert and Vines, eds., The World Bank: Structure and Policies (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000).
5. Lyn Squire, "Why the World Bank Should Be Involved in Development Research," in Gilbert and Vines, The World Bank.
6. Ngaire Woods, "The Challenges of Multilateralism and Governance," in Gilbert and Vines, The World Bank.
7. Ngaire Woods, The World Bank. Ibid., p. 139.
8. Gilbert and Vines, The World Bank, p. 29 (emphasis added).
9. As long as knowledge is viewed along positivist lines, something analogous occurs not only in economics, but in other disciplines as well.
10. Diane Stone, "The 'Knowledge Bank' and the Global Development Network," Global Governance 9, no. 1 (2003), p. 43.
11. This argument is more fully addressed in Asunción Lera St. Clair, "Global Poverty: The Co-Production of Knowledge and Politics," Journal of Global Social Policy 6, no. 1 (2006).
12. David Guston, Between Politics and Science: Assuring the Integrity and Productivity of Research (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000);
13. David Cash, William Clark, Frank Alcock, Nancy Dickson, Noelle Eckley, and Jill Jäger, "Salience, Credibility, Legitimacy and Boundaries: Linking Research, Assessment and Decision Making," in Sujatha Raman and David H. Guston, eds., Science Boundaries Policy: New Research (forthcoming).
14. For example, a White Paper on Governance released by the European Union includes concerns for accountability, plurality, and integrity, that is, for the democratization of expertise. See Simon Joss and Sergio Belluchi, Participatory Technology Assessments: European Perspectives (London: Center for the Study of Democracy, and TA-Swiss, 2002);
15. Sheila Jasanoff, "Technologies of Humility: Citizen Participation in Governing Science," Minerva 41, no. 3 (2003).
16. Joseph Stiglitz, "Ethics, Economic Advice, and Economic Policy," www.iadb.org/etica/sp4321-i/DocHit-i.cfm?DocIndex=74 (2001).
17. Stephen Turner, Liberal Democracy 3.0 (London: Sage, 2004).
18. Stephen Turner, Liberal Democracy 3.0 Ibid., p. 25.
19. Stephen Turner, Liberal Democracy 3.0 Ibid., p. 32.
20. Stone, "The 'Knowledge Bank' and the Global Development Network."
21. David Guston, "Stabilizing the Boundary Between US Politics and Science: The Role of the Office of Technology Transfer as a Boundary Organization," Social Studies of Science 29, no. 1 (1999): 87-111.
22. Alex Wilks, "Development Through the Looking Glass: The Knowledge Bank in Cyber-Space," paper prepared for the Sixth Oxford International Conference on Education and Development
23. "Knowledge, Values and Policy," September 2001, www.brettonwoodsproject.org.
24. Turner, Liberal Democracy 3.0.
25. I derive this term from Stephen Turner, "Truth and Decision," in Daryl Chubin and Ellen W. Chu, eds., Science Off the Pedestal: Social Perspectives on Science and Technology (Belmont, Calif.: Wadsworth Publishing, 1989).
26. Turner, Liberal Democracy 3.0.
27. Turner, Liberal Democracy 3.0. Ibid., p. 91.
28. Sheila Jasanoff, The Fifth Branch: Science Advisers as Policy Makers (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1990)
29. and Jasanoff, Science at the Bar: Law, Science, and Technology in America (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1995).
30. Jasanoff, The Fifth Branch, p. 81.
31. Jasanoff, The Fifth Branch, Ibid.
32. Steve Fuller, Knowledge Management Foundations (Boston: Butterworth-Heinemann, 2002).
33. See, for example, Alain Desrosières, The Politics of Large Numbers: A History of Statistical Reasoning, trans. Camille Naish (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1998).
34. Bob Deacon, "The Politics of Global Social Policy," paper presented at the UNRISD Conference on Social Knowledge and International Policy Making: Exploring the Linkages, April 2004, Geneva, www.unrisd.org;
35. David Held, Global Covenant: The Social Democratic Alternative to the Washington Consensus (Cambridge: Polity Press, 2004);
36. Peter Townsend, "Poverty, Social Exclusion and Social Polarization: The Need to Construct an International Welfare State," in Peter Townsend and David Gordon, eds., World Poverty: New Policies to Defeat an Old Enemy (Bristol: Policy Press, 2002).
37. Morten Boas and Desmond McNeill, Multilateral Institutions: A Critical Introduction (London: Pluto Press, 2003);
38. Diane Stone, "Transfer Agents and Global Networks in the 'Transnationalization' of Policy," Journal of European Public Policy 11, no. 3 (2004): 545.
39. See United Nations Development Programme, Human Development Report 2003 (New York: United Nations, 2003), box 2.3.
40. See, respectively, Andrew Sumner, "Epistemology and 'Evidence' in Development Studies: A Review of Dollar and Kraay," Third World Quarterly 25, no. 6, (2004): 1167;
41. Robert H. Wade, "On the Causes of Increasing World Poverty and Inequality, or Why the Matthew Effect Prevails," New Political Economy 9, no. 2 (2004);
42. Jan Vandemoortele, "Are We Really Reducing Poverty?" UNDP Working Paper, Bureau for Development Policy (New York: United Nations, 2002);
43. Thomas Pogge and Sanjay Reddy, "Unknown: The Extent, Distribution, and Trend of Global Income Poverty," 2003, www.socialanalysis.org.
44. I examine these issues more in depth in St. Clair, "Global Poverty."
45. National Academies, Knowledge and Diplomacy: Science Advice in the United Nations System (Washington, D.C.: National Academies Press, 2002).