Secondary movement disorders (dystonia, myoclonus, tremor, dyskinesias);Mouvements anormaux secondaires (dystonies, myoclonies, tremblements, dyskinésies)

EMC - Neurologie

Volumn 2, Issue 4, 2005, Pages 430-452

  Viallet, F ^a,b   Vercueil, L ^c   Bonnefoi Kyriacou, B ^b   Renie, L ^d   Gayraud, D ^b  

^a Habilitation à Diriger les Recherches   (France)

^b CENTRE HOSPITALIER DU PAYS D AIX   (France)

^c GRENOBLE UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL   (France)

^d NONE

Author keywords

Clinical and video assessment; Dyskinesias; Dystonia; Myoclonus; Secondary movement disorders; Tremor

Indexed keywords

EID: 32544450829     PISSN: 17624231     EISSN: 17624231     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.emcn.2005.07.002     Document Type: Short Survey

References (120)

1. Ad Hoc Committee of the World Federation of Neurology. Classification of extra-pyramidal disorders. Proposal for an international classification and glossary of terms. J Neurol Sci 1981;51:311-27.
2. Vingerhoets F, Russmann H, Carruzzo A, Combremont P, Ghika J. Mouvements anormaux (dystonie, athétose, chorée, ballisme). Encycl Med Chir (Elsevier SAS, Paris), Neurologie, 17-007-B-10, 2004: 24p.
3. Davous P. Hyperkinésies et dyskinésies secondaires. Encycl Med Chir (Elsevier SAS, Paris), Neurologie, 17-008-A-10, 1997: 11 p.
4. Fahn S, Bressman SB, Marsden CD. Classification of dystonia. Adv Neurol 1998;78:1-10.
5. Janavs JL, Aminoff MJ. Dystonia and chorea in acquired systemic disorders. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1998; 65:436-45.
6. Byl NN. What can we learn from animal models of focal hand dystonia? Rev Neurol 2003;159:857-73.
7. Marsden CD, Obeso JA, Zarranz JJ, Lang AE, The anatomical basis of symptomatic hemidystonia. Brain 1985; 108: 463-83.
8. Bhatia KP, Marsden CD, The behavioural and motor consequences of focal lesions of the basal ganglia in man. Brain 1994;117:859-76.
9. Delong MR. Primate models of movement disorders of basal ganglia origin. Trends Neurosci 1990;13:281-5.
10. Beurrier C, Bezard E, Bioulac B, Gross C. Subthalamic stimulation elicits hemiballismus in normal monkey. Neuroreport 1997;8:1625-9.
11. Krack P, Pollak P, Limousin P, Benazzouz A, Deuschl G, Benabid AL. From off-period dystonia to peak-dose chorea. The clinical spectrum of varying subthalamic nucleus activity. Brain 1999; 122(Pt6):1133-46.
12. Krack P, Kumar R, Ardouin C, Dowsey PL, McVicker JM, Benabid AL, et al. Mirthful laughter induced by subthalamic nucleus stimulation. Mov Disord 2001;16:867-75.
13. Russmann H, Vingerhoets F, Ghika J, Maeder P, Bogousslavsky J. Acute infarction limited to the putamen and globus pallidus; clinical, etiologic and topographic features. Arch Neurol 2003;60:351-5.
14. Burton K, Farrel K, Li D, Calne DB. Lesions of the putamen and dystonia: computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. Neurology 1984;34:962-5.
15. Demierre B, Rondot P. Dystonia caused by putamino-capsulo-caudate lesions. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1993;46:404-9.
16. Marsden CD, Obeso JA. The functions of the basal ganglia and the paradox of stereotaxic surgery in Parkinson's disease. Brain 1994;117:877-9.
17. Mink JW. The basal ganglia and involuntary movements. Impaired inhibition of competing motor patterns. Arch Neurol 2003;60:1365-8.
18. Pollak P, Vercueil L. Pour un syndrome bipallidal. Àpropos du syndrome parkinsonien par lésion bipallidale. Mouvements 2001;8:14-9.
19. Laplane D, Levasseur M, Pillon B, Dubois B, Baulac M, Mazoyer B, et al. Obsessive-compulsive and other behavioral changes with bilateral basal ganglia lesions. A neuropsychological, magnetic resonance imaging and positron tomography study. Brain 1989;112:699-725.
20. Grabli D, Me Cairn K, Hirsch EC, Agid Y, Feger J, François C, et al. Behavioural disorders induced by external globus pallidus dysfunction in primates. I. Behavioural study. Brain 2004;127:2039-54.
21. Lehericy S, Grand S, Pollak P, Poupon F, Le Bas JF, Limousin P, et al. Clinical characteristics and topography of lesions in movement disorders due to thalamic lesions. Neurology 2001;57:1055-66.
22. Vercueil L, Krieger J. Myoclonies chez l'adulte: approche diagnostique. Neurophyiol Clin 2001;31:3-17.
23. Krauss JK, Trankle R, Kopp KH. Post-traumatic movement disorders in survivors of severe head injury. Neurology 1996;47:1488-92.
24. Barth P, Sellal F, Marescaux C. Les dystonies lésionnelles. Rapport du Congrès de Psychiatrie et de Neurologie de langue française. Paris: Masson; 1994.
25. Delwaide PJ, Gonce M. Chorée et ballisme. Encycl Med Chir (Elsevier SAS, Paris), Neurologie, 17-010-B-10, 1995: 12p.
26. Suarez JI, Metman LV, Reich SG, Dougherty PM, Hallett M, Lenz FA. Pallidotomy for hemiballismus: efficacy and characteristics of neuronal activity. Ann Neurol 1997;42: 807-11.
27. Vidailhet M, Jedynak CP, Pollak P, Agid Y. Pathology of symptomatic tremors. Mov Disord 1998;13(suppl3):49-54.
28. Vidailhet M, Dupel C, Lehericy S, Remy P, Dormont D, Serdaru M, et al. Dopaminergic dysfunction in midbrain dystonia: anatomoclinical study using 3-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging and fluorodopa F18 positron emission tomography. Arch Neurol 1999;56:982-9.
29. Im SH, Oh CW, Kwon OK, Cho BK, Chung YS, Han DH. Involuntary movement induced by cerebral ischemia: pathogenesis and surgical outcome. J Neurosurg 2004;100: 877-82.
30. Kim JS. Asterixis after unilateral stroke: lesion location of 30 patients. Neurology 2001;56:533-6.
31. Tatu L, Moulin T, Martin V, Chavot D, Rousselot JP, Monnier G, et al. Astérixis unilatéral et lésions cérébrales focales. Douze cas. Rev Neurol 1996;152:121-7.
32. Shibasaki H. Pathophysiology of negative myoclonus and asterixis. Adv Neurol 1995;67:199-209.
33. Ko SB, Ahn TB, Kim JM, Kim Y, Jeon BS. A case of adult onset tic disorder following carbon monoxide intoxication. Can J Neurol Sci 2004;31:268-70.
34. Kwak CH, Jankovic J. Tourettism and dystonia after subcortical stroke. Mov Disord 2002;17:821-5.
35. Bhatt MH, Obeso JA, Marsden CD. Time course of post-anoxic akinetic-rigid and dystonic syndromes. Neurology 1993;43:314-7.
36. Brown P, Marsden CD. What do the basal ganglia do? Lancet 1998;351:1801-4.
37. Durif F, Vidailhet M, Debilly B, Agid Y. Worsening of Levodopa-induced dyskinesias by motor and mental tasks. Mov Disord 1999;14:242-5.
38. Comella CL, Leurgans S, Wuu J, Stebbins GT, Chmura T, Dystonia study group. Rating scales for dystonia: a multi-center assessment. Mov Disord 2003;18:303-12.
39. Jankovic J, Fahn S. Dystonic disorders. In: Jankovic J, Tolosa E, editors. Parkinson's disease and movement disorders. Philadelphia: Lippincott-Williams and Wilkins; 2002. p. 331-57.
40. Svetel M, Ivanovic N, Marinkovic J, Jovic J, Dragasevic N, Kostic VS. Characteristics of dystonic movements in primary and symptomatic dystonias. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2004;75:329-30.
41. Lees AJ. Odd and unusual movement disorders. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2002;72(suppl1):I17-I21.
42. Pringsheim T, Lang AE. Psychogenic dystonia. Rev Neurol 2003;159:885-91.
43. Satoyoshi E. A syndrome of progressive muscle spasm, alopecia and diarrhea. Neurology 1978;28:458-71.
44. Cecchin CR, Felix TM, Magalhaes RB, Furlanetto TW. Satoyoshi syndrome in a Caucasian girl improved with glucocorticoïds: a clinical report. Am J Med Genet 2003; 118:52-4.
45. Drost G, Verrins A, Hooijkaas H, Zwarts M. GAD antibodies in Satoyoshi syndrome. Ann Neurol 2004;55:450-1.
46. Hawker K, Lang AE. Hypoxic-ischemic damage of the basal ganglia: case reports and a review of the literature. Mov Disord 1990;5:219-24.
47. Burke RE, Fahn S, Gold AP. Delayed-onset dystonia in patients with "static" encephalopathy. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1980;43:789-93.
48. Przedborski S, Kostic VN, Burke RE. Delayed onset dyskinesias. Neurology 1996;47:1358-9.
49. Kostic V, Przedborski S, Jackson-Lewis V, Cadet JL, Burke RE. Effect of unilateral perinatal hypoxic-ischemic brain injury in the rat on striatal muscarinic cholinergic receptors and high-affinity choline uptake sites: a quantitative autoradiographic study. J Neurochem 1991;57: 1962-70.
50. Saint-Hilaire MH, Burke RE, Bressman SB, Brin MF, Fahn S. Delayed onset dystonia due to perinatal or early childhood asphyxia. Neurology 1991;41:216-22.
51. Scott BL, Jankovic J. Delayed onset progressive movement disorders after static brain lesions. Neurology 1996;46:68-74.
52. Kupsky WJ, Drozd MA, Barlow CF. Selective injury of the globus pallidus in children with post-cardiac surgery choreic syndrome. Dev Med Child Neurol 1995;37:135-44.
53. Frucht S, Fahn S. The clinical spectrum of posthypoxic myoclonus. Mov Disord 2000;15(suppl1):2-7.
54. Hallett M. Physiology of human posthypoxic myoclonus. Mov Disord 2000;15(suppl1):8-13.
55. Truong DD, Matsumoto RR, Schwartz PH, Hussong MJ, Wasterlain CG. A novel rat cardiac arrest model of posthypoxic myoclonus. Mov Disord 1994;9:201-6.
56. Hauw JJ, Escourolle R, Baulac M, Morel-Maroger A, Goulon M, Castaigne P. Postmortem studies on posthypoxic and post-methyl bromide intoxication: case reports. Adv Neurol 1986;43:201-14.
57. Destée A, Muller JP, Vermersch P, Pruvo JP, Warot P. Hémiballisme, hémichorée, infarctus striatal. Rev Neurol 1990;146:150-2.
58. Milandre L, Brosset C, Gabriel B, Khalil R. Mouvements involontaires transitoires et infarctus thalamiques. Rev Neurol 1993;149:402-6.
59. Dereux-Mortier SA, Dereux JF, Gallois PH. Hémiballisme par métastase du corps de Luys. Rev Neurol 1985;141:819-21.
60. Melamed E, Korn-Lubetzki I, Reches A, Siew F. Hemiballismus: detection of focal hemorrhage in subthalamic nucleus by CT scan. Ann Neurol 1978;4:582.
61. Kotagal S, Shuter E, Horenstein S. Chorea as a manifestation of bilateral subdural hematoma in an elderly man. Arch Neurol 1981;38:195.
62. Jankovic J. Post-traumatic movement disorders: central and peripheral mechanisms. Neurology 1994;44:2006-14.
63. Deuschl G, Bain P, Brin M, Ad Hoc Scientific Committee. Consensus statement of the Movement Disorder Society on tremor. Mov Disord 1998;13(suppl3):2-23.
64. Bruyn GW, Padberg G. Chorea and polycythemia. Eur Neurol 1984;23:26-33.
65. Chamouard JM, Smagghe A, Malalanirina BH, Davous P, Poisson M. Chorée révélatrice d'une polyglobulie et d'un adénocarcinome rénal. Rev Neurol 1992;148:380-2.
66. Kelly R. Clinical aspects of multiple sclerosis. In: Koestier JC, editor. Handbook of clinical neurology. New York: Elsevier; 1988. p. 49-78 (vol 47).
67. Tranchant C, Bhatia KP, Marsden CD. Movement disorders in multiple sclerosis. Mov Disord 1995; 10:418-23.
68. Alusi SH, Worthinton J, Glickman S, Bain PG. A study of tremor in multiple sclerosis. Brain 2001;124:720-30.
69. Viallet F, Witjas T, Gayraud D, Pelletier J, Régis J. Les tremblements et les mouvements anormaux au cours de la sclérose en plaques: indications thérapeutiques à visée symptomatique. Rev Neurol 2001;157:1079-84.
70. Pardo J, Marcos A, Bhathal H, Castro M, Varea de Seijas E. Chorea as a form of presentation of human immunodeficiency virus: associated dementia complex. Neurology 1998;50:568-9.
71. Cardoso F, Eduardo C, Silva AP, Mota CC. Chorea in fifty consecutive patients with rheumatic fever. Mov Disord 1997;12:701-3.
72. Moore DP. Neuropsychiatric aspects of Sydenham's chorea: a comprehensive review. J Clin Psychiatry 1996;57:407-14.
73. Kirvan CA, Swedo SE, Heuser JR, Cunningham MW. Mimicry and auto antibody-mediated neuronal cell signaling in Sydenham chorea. Nat Med 2003;9:914-20.
74. Church A, Cardoso F, Dale RC, Lees AJ, Thompson E, Giovannoni G. Anti-basal ganglia antibodies in acute and persistent Sydenham's chorea. Neurology 2002;59:227-31.
75. Swedo SE, Leonard HL, Garvey M, Mittleman B, Allen AJ, Perlmutter S, et al. Pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders associated with streptococcal infections: clinical description of the first 50 cases. Am J Psychiatry 1998;155:264-71.
76. Snider LA, Swedo SE. Post-streptococcal autoimmune disorders of the central nervous system. Curr Opin Neurol 2003;16:359-65.
77. Edwards MJ, Trikouli E, Martino D, Bozi M, Dale RC, Church AJ, et al. Anti-basal ganglia antibodies in patients with atypical dystonia and tics: a prospective study. Neurology 2004;63:156-8.
78. Bruyn GW, Padberg G. Chorea and systematic lupus erythematosus. A critical review. Eur Neurol 1984;23:278-90.
79. Cervera R, Asherson RA, Font J, Tikly M, Pallares L, Chamorro A, et al. Chorea in the anti phospholipid syndrome: clinical radiologic, and immunologic characteristics of 50 patients from our own clinics and the literature. Medicine 1997;76:203-12.
80. Miranda M, Cardoso F, Giovannoni G, Church A. Oral contraceptive induced chorea: another condition associated with anti-basal ganglia antibodies. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2004;75:327-8.
81. Shaw PJ, Walls TJ, Newman PK, Cleland PG, Cartlidge NE. Hashimoto's encephalopathy: a steroid responsive disorder associated with high antithyroid-antibody titers: a report of 5 cases. Neurology 1991;41:228-33.
82. Albin RL, Bromberg MB, Penney JB, Knapp R. Chorea and dystonia: a remote effect of carcinoma. Mov Disord 1988; 3:162-9.
83. Caviness JN, Forsyth PA, Layton DD, Mc Phee T. The movement disorder of adult opsoclonus. Mov Disord 1995; 10:22-7.
84. Lin JJ, Chang MK. Hemiballism-hemichorea and non-ketotic hyperglycaemia. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1994;57:748-50.
85. Lai PH, Tien RD, Chang MH, Teng MM, Yang CF, Pan HB. Chorea-ballismus with non-ketotic hyperglycemia in primary diabetes mellitus. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 1996;17: 1057-64.
86. Tison FX, Ferrer X, Julien J. Delayed onset movement disorders as a complication of central pontine myelinolysis. Mov Disord 1991;6:171-3.
87. Choi LS. Delayed neurologic sequelae in carbon monoxyde intoxication. Arch Neurol 1983;40:433-5.
88. Davous P, Rondot P, Marion MH, Gueguen B. Severe chorea after acute carbon monoxide poisoning. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1986;49:206-8.
89. Ludolph AC, He F, Spencer PS, Hammerstad J, Sabri M. 3-nitroproprionic acid-exogenous animal neurotoxin and possible striatal toxin. Can J Neurol Sci 1991;18:492-8.
90. Palfi S, Leventhal L, Goetz CG, Hantraye T, Roitberg BZ, Sramek J, et al. Delayed onset of progressive dystonia following subacute 3-nitroproprionic acid treatment in Cebus aella monkeys. Mov Disord 2000;15:524-30.
91. Viallet F, Gayraud D, Bonnefoi-Kyriacou B, Dupel-Pottier C, Aurenty R. Aspects cliniques et thérapeutiques de la maladie de Parkinson. Encycl Med Chir (Elsevier SAS, Paris), Neurologie, 17-060-A-50. 2001: 26p.
92. Chase TN, Oh JD. Striatal mechanisms and pathogenesis of parkinsonian signs and motor complications. Ann Neurol 2000;47:122-9.
93. Viallet F, Witjas T. Neuroplasticité et maladie de Parkinson. Rev Neurol 2002;158:7S42-7S48.
94. Marconi R, Lefebvre-Caparros D, Bonnet AM, Vidailhet M, Dubois B, Agid Y. Levo-Dopa-induced dyskinesias in Parkinson's disease. Phenomenology and pathophysiology. Mov Disord 1994;9:2-12.
95. Simon N, Boulamery-Velly A, Arguillere S, Viallet F, Blin O, Bruguerolle B. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic analysis of Levodopa induced dyskinesias in advanced Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord 2004;19(suppl9):S172-3.
96. Broussolle E, Burbaud P, Damier P, Durif F, Rascol O. Les dyskinésies tardives des neuroleptiques. Mouvements 2002;3:4-19.
97. Stacy M, Cardoso F, Jankovic J. Tardive stereotypy and other movement disorders in tardive dyskinesias. Neurology 1993;43:937-41.
98. Schooler NR, Kane JN. Research diagnoses for tardive dyskinesia. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1982;39:486-7.
99. Cardoso FEC, Jankovic J. Cocaine-related movement disorders. Mov Disord 1993; 8:171-8.
100. Dravet C, Dalla Bernardina B, Mesdjian E, Galland MC, Roger J. Dyskinésies paroxystiques au cours des traitements par la diphénylhydantoïne. Rev Neurol 1980;136:1-14.
101. Harrison MB, Lyons GR, Landow ER. Phenytoin and dyskinesias: a report of two cases and review of the literature. Mov Disord 1993;8:19-27.
102. Nausieda P, Koller W, Weiner W, Klawans HL. Chorea induced by oral contraceptives. Neurology 1979;29: 1605-9.
103. Krauss JK, Mohadger M, Wakhloo AK, Mundinger F. Dystonia and akinesia due to pallidoputaminal lesions after disulfiram intoxication. Mov Disord 1991; 6:166-70.
104. Coubes P, Roubertie A, Vayssiére N, Hemm S, Echenne B. Treatment of DYT1-generalised dystonia by stimulation of internal globus pallidus. Lancet 2000;355:2220-1.
105. Burke RE, Fahn S, Marsden CD, Bressman SB, Moscovitz C, Friedman J. Validity and reliability of a rating scale for the primary torsion dystonia. Neurology 1985;35:73-7.
106. Vercueil L. Les échelles cliniques de la dystonie. Rev Neurol 2003;159:906-15.
107. Cassim F, Derambure P, Defebvre L, Bourriez JL, Destée A, Guieu JD. Exploration neurophysiologique des tremblements. Neurophysiol Clin 2000;30:81-96.
108. Bain PG. Clinical measurement of tremor. Mov Disord 1993;13(suppl3):77- 80.
109. Hoff JI, Van Hilten BJ, Roos RAC. A review of the assessment of dyskinesias. Mov Disord 1999;14:737-43.
110. Deuschl G, Raethjen J, Lindemann M, Krack P. The pathophysiology of tremor. Muscle Nerve 2001;24:716-35.
111. Delval A, Krystkowiak P, Cassim F, Skrzypzak L, Destee A, Derambure P, et al. Usefulness and limitations of polymyographic recordings in dystonia. Rev Neurol 2004; 160:547-53.
112. Jankovic J. Dystonia: medical therapy and botulinum toxin. Adv Neurol 2004;94:275-86.
113. Jankovic J, Beach J. Long-term effects of tetrabenazine in hyperkinetic movement disorders. Neurology 1997;48: 358-62.
114. Durif F, Debilly B, Galitzky M, Morand D, Viallet F, Borg M, et al. Clozapine improves dyskinesias in Parkinson's disease: a double-blind placebo-controlled study. Neurolosy 2004;62:381-8.
115. Geny C, Nguyen JP, Pollin B, Fève A, Ricolfi F, Césaro P, et al. Improvement of severe postural cerebellar tremor in multiple sclerosis by chronic thalamic stimulation. Mov Disord 1996;11:489-94.
116. Loher TJ, Hasdemir MG, Burgunder JM, Krauss JK. Longterm follow-up study of chronic globus pallidus internus stimulation for post-traumatic hemidystonia. J Neurosurg 2000;92:457-60.
117. Vercueil L, Pollak P, Fraix V, Caputo E, Moro E, Benazzouz A, et al. Deep brain stimulation in the treatment of severe dystonia. J Neurol 2001;248:695-700.
118. Eltahawy AH, Saint-Cyr J, Giladi N, Lang AE, Lozano A. Primary dystonia is more responsive than secondary dystonia to pallidal interventions: outcome after pallidotomy or pallidal deep brain stimulation. Neurosurgery 2004;54: 613-21.
119. Krack P, Vercueil L. Functional brain surgery for dystonia. Eur J Neurol 2001;8:389-99.
120. Damier P, Thobois S, Witjas T, Raoul S, Guel D, Derkinderen P. Pallidal stimulation to treat tardive dyskinesia: preliminary report of the French multicentric study STARDYS. Mov Disord 2004;19(suppl9):S310.