Cloud chemistry at the Puy de Dôme: Variability and relationships with environmental factors

Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics

Volumn 4, Issue 3, 2004, Pages 715-728

  Marinoni, A ^a,b   Laj, P ^a   Sellegri, K ^a   Mailhot, G ^c  

^a UNIVERSITÉ BLAISE PASCAL   (France)

^b UNIVERSITY OF MILANO BICOCCA   (Italy)

^c UNIVERSITÉ CLERMONT AUVERGNE   (France)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 3242876056     PISSN: 16807316     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.5194/acp-4-715-2004     Document Type: Article

References (66)

1. Aneja, V. P., Claiborn, C. S., Bradow, R. L., Paur, R. J., and Baumgardner, R. E.: Dynamic chemical characterisation of montain clouds, Atmos. Environ., 24A, 563-572, 1990.
2. Aneja, V. P.: Organic Compounds in Cloud Water and their Deposition at a Remote Continental Site, Air & Waste, 43, 1239-1244, 1993.
3. Baltensperger, U., Schwikowski, M., Jost, D. T., Nyeki, S., Gäggeler, H. W., and Poulida, O.: Scavenging of atmospheric constituents in mixed phase clouds at the high-alpine site Jungfraujoch, Part I: Basic concept and aerosol scavenging by clouds, Atmos. Environ., 32, 3975-3983, 1998.
4. Brantner, B., Fierlinger, H., and Puxbaum, H.: Cloud water chemistry in the subcooled droplet regime at Mount Sonnblich (3106 m a.s.l., Salzburg, Austria), Water, Air and Soil Pollution, 74, 363-384, 1994.
5. Bridges, K. S., Jickells, T D., Davies, T. D., Zeman, Z., and Hunova, I.: Aerosol, precipitation and cloud water chemistry observations on the Czech Krusne Hory plateau adjacent to a heavily industrialised valley, Atmos. Environ., 36, 353-360, 2002.
6. Calvert, J. G., Lazrus, A. L., Kok, G. L., Heikes, B. G., Walega, J. G., Lind, J., and Cantrell, C. A.: Chemical mechanisms of acid generation in troposphere, Nature, 317, (6032), 27-35, 1986.
7. Cappiello, A., De Simoni, E., Fiorucci, C., Mangani, F., Palma, P., Trufelli, H., Decesari, S., Facchini, M. C., and Fuzzi, S.: Molecular Characterization of the Water-Soluble Organic Compounds in Fogwater by ESIMS/MS, Environ. Sci. Technol., 37, (7), 1229-1240, 2003.
8. Chameides, W. L. and Davis D. D.: Aqueous phase source of formic acid in clouds, Nature, 304, 427-429, 1983.
9. Chandler, A. S., Choularton, T. W., Dollard, G. J., Gay, M. J., Hill, T. A., Jones, A., Jones B. M. R., Morse, A. P., Penkett, S. A., and Tyler, B. J.: A field study of the cloud chemistry and cloud microphysics at Great Dun Fell, Atmos. Environ., 22, 683-694, 1988a.
10. 2 in cloud and estimates of their reaction rate, Nature 336, 562-565, 1988b.
11. Chebbi, A. and Carlier P.: Carboxylic acids in troposphere, occurrence, sources and sinks: a review, Atmos. Environ., 23, 999-1007, 1996.
12. Collett, J., Oberheolzer, B., and Staehlin, J.: Cloud chemistry at Mt. Rigi, Switzerland: dependence on drop size and relationship to precipitation chemistry, Atmos. Environ., 27A, 33-42, 1993.
13. Collett, J., Iovinelli, R., and Demoz, B.: A three-stage cloud impactor for size resolved measurement of cloud drop chemistry, Atmos. Environ., 29, (10), 1145-1154, 1995.
14. Collett, J. L., Hoag, K. J., Rao, X., and Pandis, S. N.: Internal acid buffering in San Joaquin Valley fog drops and its influence on aerosol processing, Atmos. Environ., 33, (29), 4833-4847, 1999.
15. Decesari, S., Facchini M. C, Matta, E., Lettini, F., Mirccea, M., Fuzzi, S., Tagliavini, E., and Putaud, J.-P.: Chemical features and seasonal variation of fine aerosol water-soluble organic compounds in the Po Valley, Italy, Atmos. Environ., 35, 3691-3699, 2001.
16. Dupuy, R., Sellegri, K., and Laj, P.: Empirical relationship between aerosol number and cloud microphysical properties, in Atmospheric Chemistry within the Earth System: from regional pollution to global change, 7th Conference of the IGAC Heraklion, Crete, 18-25 September 2002.
17. Elbert, W., Hoffmann, M. R., Krämer, M., Schmitt, G., and Andreae, M. O.: Control of solute concentrations in cloud and fog water by liquid water content, Atmos. Environ., 34, 1109-1122, 2000.
18. Erel, Y., Pehkonen, S. O., and Hoffmann M. R.: Redox chemistry of iron in fog and stratus clouds, J. Geophys. Res., 98, (D10), 18 423-18 434, 1993.
19. Flossmann, A. I.: Cloud Ice Mountain Experiment (CIME), Final report of CEE, contract ENV4-CT95-0012, Aubière, France Laboratoire de Météorologie Physique, 112, 2000.
20. Führer, J.: Chemistry of fogwater and estimated rates of occult deposition in an agricultural area of Central Switzerland, Agric. Ecosyst. Environ., 1986.
21. Fuzzi, S.: Radiation fogchemistry and microphysics, in Chemistry of Multiphase Atmospheric Systems, edited by Jaeschke, W., Springer, Berlin, 213-226, 1986.
22. Fuzzi, S., Orsi, G., Nardini, G., Facchini, M. C., McLaren, S., McLaren, E., and Mariotti, M.: Heterogeneus processes in the Po Valley radiation fog, J. Geophys. Res., 93, (D9), 11 141-11 151, 1988.
23. Fuzzi, S., Facchini, M. C., Orsi, G., Lind, J. A., Wobrok, W., Kessel, M., Maser, R., Jaeschke, W., Enderle, K. H., Arends, B. G., Berner, A., Solly, I., Kruisz, C., Reischl, G., Pahl, S., Kaminski, U., Winkler, P., Ogren, J. A., Noone, K., Hallberg, A., Grieser, J., Fierflinger-Oberlinninger, H., Puxbaum, H., Marzorati, A., Hansson, H. C., Wiedensohler, A., Svenningsson, I. B., Martinsson, B. G., Schell, D., and Georgii, H. W.: The Po Valley Fog Experiment 1989, an overview, Tellus, 44B, 545-555, 1992.
24. Fuzzi, S. and Zappoli, S.: The organic component of fog droplets, in 12th International Conference on Clouds and Precipitation, 1996.
25. Fuzzi, S., Laj, P., Facchini, M. C., Ricci, L., and Berner, A.: Size-dependant chemistry of fog and cloud droplets, in First International conference on fog and fog collection, Vancouver, Canada, edited by Schemenauer, R. S. and Bridgam, H., 1998.
26. Gervat, G. P, Kallend, A. S., and Marsh, A. R. W.: Composition and origin of cloudwater solutes, in: Physico-Chemical behaviour of Atmospheric Pollutants, edited by Versino, B. and Angeletti, G., Reidel, Dordrecht, 506-516, 1984.
27. Glotfelty, D. E., Seiber, J. N., and Liljedahl, L. A.: Pesticides in fog, Nature, 325, 602-605, 1987.
28. Hadi, D. A., Crossley, A., and Cape, J. N.: Particulate and Dissolved Organic Carbon in cloud water in Southern Scotland, Environ. Pollut., 88, 299-306, 1995.
29. Hegg, D. A. and Hobbs, P. V.: Sulphate and nitrate chemistry in cumuliform clouds, Atmos. Environ., 20, 901-909, 1986.
30. Herckes, P., Mirabel, P., and Wortham, H.: Cloud water deposition at high-elevation site in the Vosges Mountains (France), Sci. Total Environ., 296, 59-75, 2002.
31. Herckes, P., Hannigan, M. P., Trenary, L., Lee, T., and Collett Jr., J. L.: The organic composition of radiation fogs in Davis (California), Atmos. Res., 64, 99-108, 2002.
32. Hitzenberger, R., Berner, A., Kromp, R., Kasper-Giebl, A., Limbeck, A., Tscherwenka, W., and Puxbaum, H.: Black carbon and other species at a high-elevation European site (Mount Sonnblick, 3106 m, Austria): Concentrations and scavenging efficiencies, J. Geophys. Res., 105, (D20), 24 637-24 645, 2000.
33. Jacob, D. J.: Fogwater collector design and characterization, Environ. Sci. Technol., 18, 827-833, 1984.
34. 3 system at high humidities and in fogs: I. Spatial and temporal patterns in San Joaquin Valley of California, J. Geophys. Res., 91, 1073-1088, 1986.
35. 2 in a stagnant foggy valley, Atmos. Environ., 21, 1305-1315, 1987.
36. Jaeschke, W.: Chemistry of Multiphase Atmospheric Systems, Springer, Berlin, 1986.
37. Jaffrezo, J.-L., Calas, N., and Bouchet, M.: Carboxylic acid measurements with ionic chromatography, Atmos. Environ., 32, 2705-2708, 1998.
38. Junge, C. E.: Air Chemistry and Radioactivity, Academic Press, New York/London, 1963.
39. Kasper-Giebl, A., Koch, A., Heitzemberg, R., and Puxbaum, H.: Scavenging efficiency of "aerosol carbon" and sulphate in super cooled clouds at Mount Sonnblick (3106 m a.s.l., Austria), J. Atmos. Chem., 35, 33-46, 2000.
40. Khwaja, H. A., Brudnoy, S., and Husain, L.: Chemical characterisation of three summer cloud episodes ay Witheface Mountain, Chemosphere, 31, (5), 3357-3381, 1995.
41. Krivacsy, Z., Kiss, G., Varga, B., Galambos, I., Sarvari, Z., Gelencser, A., Molnar, A., Fuzzi, S., Facchini, M. C., Zappoli, S., Andracchio, A., Alsberg, T, Hansson, H.-C., and Persson, L.: Study of humic-like substances in fog and interstitial aerosol by size-exclusion chromatography and capillary electrophoresis, Atmos. Environ., 34, 4273-4281, 2000.
42. Kruisz, C., Berner A., and Brantner, B.: A cloud water sampler for high wind speeds,. Proceedings of the EUROTRAC Symposium 1992, edited by Borrell, P. M., SPB Acad., The hague Netherlands, 523-525, 1993.
43. Laj, P., Fuzzi, S., Facchini, M. C., Orsi, G., Berner, A., Kruisz, C., Wobrock, W., Beswick, K. M., Gallagher, M. W., Colvile, R. N., Choularton, T. W., Nason, P., and Jones, B.: Experimental evidences for in-cloud production of aerosol sulphate, Atmos. Environ., 31, (16), 2503-2514, 1997a.
44. Laj, P., Fuzzi, S., Facchini, M. C., Lind, J. A., Orsi, G., Preiss, M., Maser, R., Jaeschke, W., Seyffer, E., Arends, B. G., Mölls, J. J., Acker, K., Wieprecht, W., Möller, D., Colville, R. N., Gallagher, M. W. Beswick, K. M., Hargreaves, K. J., Storeton-West, R. L., and Sutton, M. A.: Cloud processing of soluble gas, Atmos. Environ., 31, 2589-2592, 1997b.
45. 3, and black carbon in mixed-phase clouds during CIME, Atmos. Res., 58, 315-336, 2001.
46. Lanquette, A.-M., Pichon, J.-M., and Pointin, Y.: Physical-chemistry data of the Puy de Dôme top station, http://www.obs. univ-bpclermont.fr/observ/chimie/pddstedata.html, 2002.
47. Lawrence, M. G. and Crutzen, P. J.: The impact of cloud particle gravitational settling on soluble trace gas distribution, Tellus, 50B, (3), 263-289, 1998.
48. Lelieveld, J. and Crutzen, P. J.: The role of clouds in tropospheric photochemistry, J. Atmos. Chem., 12, 229-267, 1991.
49. Liang, J. and Jacobson, M. Z.: A study of sulphur oxidation pathways over a range of liquid water contents, pH values and temperature, J. Geophys. Res., 104, 13 749-13 769, 1999.
50. Limbeck, A. and Puxbaum, H.: Dependence of in-cloud scavenging of polar organic aerosol compounds on the water solubility, J. Geophys. Res., 105, 19 857-19 867, 2000.
51. Löflund, M., Kasper-Giebl, A., Schuster, B., Giebl, H., Heitzemberg, R., and Puxbaum, H.: Formic, Acetic, Oxalic, Malonic and Succinic Acid Concentrations and their Contribution to Organic Carbon in Cloud Water, Atmos. Environ., 36, (9), 1553-1558, 2002.
52. Mertes, S., Schwarzenböck, A., Laj, P., Wobrock, W., Pichon, J. M., Orsi, G., and Heintzenberg, J.: Changes of cloud microphysical properties during the transition from supercooled to mixed-phase conditions during CIME, Atmos. Res., 58, (4), 267-294, 2001.
53. Möller, D., Acker, K., and Wieprecht, W.: A relationship between liquid water content and chemical composition in clouds, Atmos. Res., 41, 321-335, 1996.
54. Munger, J. W., Jacob, D. J., Waldman, J. M., and Hoffmann, M. R.: Fogwater chemistry in a urban atmosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 88, 5109-5121, 1983.
55. Novakov, T. and Penner, J. E.: Large Contribution of Organic Aerosols to Cloud-Condensation-Nuclei Concentrations, Nature, 365, 823-826, 1993.
56. Pilié, R. J., Mack, E. J., Koemond, W. C, Eadie, W. J., and Rogers, C. W.: The life cycles of valley fog, Part II: Fog microphysics, J. Appl. Meteorol., 14, 364-374, 1975.
57. Poulida, O., Schwikowski, M., Baltensperger, U., Staehelin, J., and Gaeggeler, H. W.: Scavenging of atmospheric constituents in mixed phase clouds at the high alpine site Jungfraujoch-Part II: influence of riming on the scavenging of particulate and gaseous chemical species, Atmos. Environ., 32, (23), 3985-4000, 1998.
58. Pruppacher, H. R. and Jaenicke, R.: The processing of water vapour and aerosols by atmospheric clouds, a global estimate, Atmos. Res., 38, 283-295, 1995.
59. Schaap, M., Müller, K., and Ten Brink, H. M.: Constructing the European aerosol nitrate concentration field from quality analysed data, Atmos. Environ., 36, (8), 1323-1335, 2002.
60. Sellegri, K., Laj, P., Peron, F., Dupuy, R., Legrand, M., Preunkert, S., Putaud, J.-P., Cachier, H., and Ghermandi, G.: Mass balance of free tropospheric aerosol at the Puy de Dôme (France) in winter, J. Geophys. Res., 108, (D11), 4333, 2003a.
61. Sellegri, K., Laj, P., Dupuy, R., Legrand, M., Preunkert, S., and Putaud, J.-P.: Size-dependent scavenging efficiencies of multicomponent atmospheric aerosols in clouds, J. Geophys. Res., 108, (D11), 4334, 2003b.
62. Sellegri, K., Laj, P., Marinoni, A., Dupuy, R., Legrand, M., and Preunkert, S.: Contribution of gaseous and particulate species to droplet solute composition and concentration, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 3, 479-519, 2003c.
63. 2) and ammonia in mixed liquid-solid water clouds at the Puy de Dôme mountain, J. Geophys. Res., 105, (D5), 6817-6836, 2000.
64. Warneck, P.: The equilibrium distribution if atmospheric gases between the two phases of liquid water clouds, in Chemistry of the Multiphasic Atmospheric Systems, NATO ASI Series, Vol. G6, edited by Jaeschke, W., Springer, Berlin, 1986.
65. Weathers, K. C., Likens, G. E., Bormann, F. H., Bicknell, S. H., Bormann, B. T., Daube, B. C., Eaton, J. S., Galloway, J. N., Keene, W. C., Kimball, K. D., McDowell, W. H., Siccama, T. G., Smiley, D., and Tarrant, R. A.: Cloudwater Chemistry from Ten Sites in North America, Environ. Sci. Technol., 22, 1018-1026, 1988.
66. Wobrock, W., Schell, D., Maser, R., Jaeschke, W., Georgii, H.-W., Wieprecht, W, Arends, B. G., Möls, J. J., Kos, G. P. A., Fuzzi, S., Facchini, M. C., Orsi, G., Berner, A., Solly, I., Kruisz, C., Svenningsson, I. B., Wiedensohler, A., Hansson, H.-C., Ogren, J. A., Noone, K. J., Hallberg, A., Pahl, S., Schneider, T., Winkler, P., Winiwarter, W., Colvile, R. N., Choularton, T. W., Flossmann, A. I., and Borrmann, S.: The Kleiner Feldberg Cloud Experiment 1990, An overview, J. Atmos. Chem., 19, 3-35, 1994.