Hepatocellular carcinoma and liver tumors in South African children: A case for increased prevalence

Cancer

Volumn 101, Issue 3, 2004, Pages 642-649

  Moore, Samuel W ^a   Millar, Alistair J W ^b   Hadley, G P ^c   Ionescu, Gabriel ^d   Kruger, Mariana ^d   Poole, Janet ^e   Stones, David ^f   Wainwright, Linda ^g   Chitnis, Milind ^h   Wessels, Glynn ^a  

^a STELLENBOSCH UNIVERSITY   (South Africa)

^b UNIVERSITY OF CAPE TOWN   (South Africa)

^c UNIVERSITY OF KWAZULU NATAL   (South Africa)

^d UNIVERSITY OF PRETORIA   (South Africa)

^e UNIVERSITY OF THE WITWATERSRAND   (South Africa)

^f UNIVERSITY OF THE FREE STATE   (South Africa)

^g UNIVERSITY OF THE WITWATERSRAND   (South Africa)

^h Frere Hospital   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Children; Epidemiology; Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC); Liver tumors

Indexed keywords

ALPHA FETOPROTEIN;

ADOLESCENT; CANCER INCIDENCE; CANCER PATIENT; CHILD; CHILDHOOD CANCER; CHRONIC DISEASE; FEMALE; GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION; HIGH RISK POPULATION; HUMAN; INFANT; LIVER CELL CARCINOMA; LIVER TUMOR; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MALIGNANT NEOPLASTIC DISEASE; PREVALENCE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; RISK ASSESSMENT; RURAL AREA; SOUTH AFRICA;

ADOLESCENT; AGE DISTRIBUTION; ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE; CARCINOMA, HEPATOCELLULAR; CHILD; CHILD, PRESCHOOL; COMBINED MODALITY THERAPY; DEVELOPING COUNTRIES; FEMALE; HUMANS; INCIDENCE; LIVER NEOPLASMS; MALE; MULTICENTER STUDIES; REGISTRIES; RISK ASSESSMENT; SEX DISTRIBUTION; SOUTH AFRICA; SURVIVAL ANALYSIS;

EID: 3242760687     PISSN: 0008543X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/cncr.20398     Document Type: Review

References (75)

1. Ishak KG, Glunz PR. Hepatoblastoma and hepatocellular carcinoma in infancy and childhood: report in 47 cases. Cancer. 1967;20:396-422.
2. Exelby P, Filler R, Grosfeld JL. Liver tumours in children in the particular reference to hepatoblastoma and hepatocellular carcinoma: American Academy of Pediatrics Surgical survey system. J Pediatr Surg. 1974;10:329-337.
3. Bosch FX, Ribes J, Borras J. Epidemiology of primary liver cancer. Semin Liver Dis. 1999;19:271-285.
4. Kew MC. Hepatocellular cancer. Clin Liver Dis. 2000;4:257-268.
5. Crocé L, Bercich L, Sasso F, Massutti F, Morlino R, Tiribelli C. Strategies in the study of hepatocellular carcinoma worldwide. J Clin Oncol. 1993;3(Suppl):37-39.
6. Parkin DM, Muir CS, Whelan SL, Gao YT, Ferlay J, Powell J, editors. Cancer incidence in 5 continents, volume VII (IARC Sci Pub 143). Lyon: IARC, 1997.
7. Parkin DM, Poisani P, Ferelay J. Estimates of the worldwide incidence of twenty-five major cancers. Int J Cancer. 1999; 80:827-841.
8. Ni Y-H, Chang M-H, Hsu H-Y, et al. Hepatocellular carcinoma in childhood. Cancer. 1991;68:1737-1741.
9. Chen WJ, Lee JC, Hung WT. Primary malignant tumour of liver in infants and children in Taiwan. J Pediatr Surg. 1988; 23:457-461.
10. Kew MC. Epidemiology of hepatocellular carcinoma. Toxicology. 2002;181/182:35-38.
11. Jaskiewicz K, Banach L, Izycka E. Hepatocellular carcinoma in young patients: histology, cellular differentiation, HBV infection and oncoprotein p53. Anticancer Res. 1995;15:2723-2725.
12. Beasley RP, Hwang LY, Lin CC, Chien CS. Hepatocellular carcinoma and hepatitis B virus. A prospective study of 22,707 men in Taiwan. Lancet. 1981;2:1129-1133.
13. Leuschner HD, Schmidt D. The association of hepatocellular carcinoma in childhood with hepatitis B virus infection. Cancer. 1988;62:2363-2369.
14. Tiollais P, Pourcel C, Dejean A. The hepatitis B virus. Nature. 1988;317:489-495.
15. Vardas E, Mathai M, Blaauw D, McAnerney J, Coppin A, Sim J. Preimmunization epidemiology of hepatitis B virus infection in South African children. J Med Virol. 1999;58:111-115.
16. Kew MC. Progress towards the comprehensive control of hepatitis B in Africa: a view from South Africa. Gut. 1996; 38(Suppl 2):S31-S36.
17. Clatworthy HW, Schiller M, Grosfeld J. Primary liver tumours in infancy and childhood. Arch Surg. 1974;109:143-147.
18. Clift DAL, Campbell PE, Matthews JP, Yuen K. Primary liver tumours in children in Victoria: incidence and pathology. Pediatr Surg Int. 1988;3:382-395.
19. Dimmick JE, Rogers PCJ, Blair G. Hepatic tumours. In: Pochedly C, editor. Neoplastic diseases of childhood. Langhorne: Harwood Academy Publications, 2003:963-980.
20. Moore SW, Hesseling PB, Wessels G, Schneider JW. Hepatocellular carcinoma in children. Pediatr Surg Int. 1997;12: 266-270.
21. von Schweinitz D, Burger D, Weinel P, et al. Therapy of malignant liver tumours in childhood: an intermediate report of the HB-89 multicentre study of the GPOH. Med Pediatr Oncol. 1994;23:170.
22. Giamantonio M, Ein S, Mancer K, Stephens CA. Thirty years of experience with pediatric primary liver tumours. J Pediatr Surg. 1984;19:523-526.
23. Gauthier F, Valayer J, Le Thai B, Sinico M, Kalifa C. Hepatoblastoma and hepatocellular carcinoma in children: analysis of a series of 29 cases. J Pediatr Surg. 1986;21:424-429.
24. Gugurangan S, O'Meara A, MacMahon C, et al. Primary hepatic tumours in children: a 26 year review. J Surg Oncol. 1992;50:30-36.
25. Czausderna P, MacKinlay G, Perilongo G, et al. Hepatocellular carcinoma in children: results of the first prospective study of the International Society of Pediatric Oncology Group. J Clin Oncol. 2002;20:2798-2804.
26. Parkin DM, Kramarova E, Draper GJ, et al, editors. International incidence of childhood cancers (IARC Sci Pub 144). Lyon: IARC, 1999.
27. Bellini F, Massimino M. Liver tumours in childhood: epidemiology and clinics. J Surg Oncol. 1993;3(Suppl):119-121.
28. von Schweinitz D, Byrd DJ, Hecker H, et al. Efficiency and toxicity of ifosfamide, cisplatin and doxorubicin in the treatment of childhood hepatoblastoma. Study Committee of the Cooperative Paediatric Liver Tumour Study HB89 of the German Society for Paediatric Oncology and Haematology. Eur J Cancer. 1997;33:1243-1249.
29. Perilongo G, Brown J, Shafford E, et al. Hepatoblastoma presenting with lung metastases: treatment results of the first cooperative prospective study of the International Society of Paediatric Oncology on childhood liver tumors. Cancer. 2000;89:1845-1853.
30. Brown J, Perilongo G, Shafford E, et al. Pretreatment prognostic factors for children with hepatoblastoma - results from the International Society of Paediatric Oncology (SIOP) study SIOPEL 1. Eur J Cancer. 2000;36:1418-1425.
31. Pritchard J, Brown J, Shafford E, et al. Cisplatin, doxorubicin and delayed surgery for childhood hepatoblastoma: a successful approach - results of the first prospective study of the International Society of Pediatric Oncology. J Clin Oncol. 2000;18:3819-3828.
32. Moore SW, Millar AJW, Hadley L, et al. Is hepatocellular carcinoma more common in children in Southern Africa? Presentation at the 4th Continental Meeting of the International Society of Pediatric Oncology in Africa, Pilanesberg, South Africa, May 14-16, 2000.
33. Craig JR, Peters RL, Edmondson HA, Omata M. Fibrolamellar carcinoma of the liver. Cancer. 1980;46:372-379.
34. Sitas F. Histologically diagnosed cancers in South Africa, 1988. S Afr Med J. 2003;84:344-348.
35. South African Institute of Race Relations. Demographic characteristics of South Africa in the late 1980's. Identifying potential ethnic conflict. Johannesburg: South African Institute of Race Relations, 1986:188-190.
36. Berman C. Primary carcinoma of the liver. London: Lewis, 1951:79-81.
37. Steiner PE, Davies JNP. Cirrhosis and primary liver carcinoma in Ugandan Africans. Br J Cancer. 1957;11:523-534.
38. Gelfand M, Castle WM, Buchanan WM. Primary carcinoma of the liver (hepatoma) in Rhodesia. S Afr Med J. 1972;46: 527-532.
39. Prates MD, Torres FO. A cancer survey of Lourenco Marques, Portuguese East Africa. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1965; 35:729-757.
40. Harington JS, McGlashan ND, Bradshaw E, Geddes W. A spatial and temporal analysis of four cancers in African goldminers from Southern Africa. Br J Cancer. 1975;31:665-678.
41. Robertson MA, Harington JS, Bradshaw E. Observations in cancer patterns among Africans in South Africa. Br J Cancer. 1971;25:378-399.
42. Munoz N, Bosch FX. Epidemiology of hepatocellular carcinoma. In: Okuda K, Ishgak K, editors. Neoplasms of the liver. Tokyo: Springer-Verlag, 1987:3-19.
43. Okuda K, Okuda H. Malignant tumours. In: Bircher J, Benhamou J-P, McIntyre N, Rizetto M, Rodés J, editors. Oxford textbook of clinical hepatology, 2 ed. New York: Oxford Medical Publishers, 1999:1491-1530.
44. Zuckermann AJ. Prevention of primary liver cancer by immunization. N Engl J Med. 1997;336:1906-1907.
45. Chang MH, Chen CJ, Lai MS, et al. Universal hepatitis B vaccination in Taiwan and the incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma in children. N Engl J Med. 1997;336:1855-1859.
46. Stocker JT, Husain AN, Dehner LP, Chandra RS. The liver, gallbladder and biliary tract. In: Stocker JT, Dehner LP, editors. Pediatric pathology, vol 2, 2nd ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins, 2001:705-797.
47. Davies JQ, Hall de la M, Kaschula ROC, et al. Hepatoblastoma - evolution of management, outcome and significance of histology of the resected tumour. A 30-year experience with 41 cases. Pediatr Surg Int. In press.
48. Katzenstein HM, Krailo MD, Malogolowkin MH, et al. Fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma in children and adolescents. Cancer. 2003;97:2006-2012.
49. Rowland JM. Hepatoblastoma: assessment of criteria for histologic classification. Med Pediatr Oncol. 2002;39:478-483.
50. Hsia CC, Scudamore C, DiBiseglie AM, Tabor E J. Molecular and serological aspects of HbsAg-negative hepatitis virus infections in North America. Med Virol. 2003;70:20-26.
51. Abeldev GI, Perova SD, Khramkova ZA, Postnikova ZA, Irlin IS. Production of embryonal alpha-globulin by transplantable mouse hepatomas. Transplant. 1963;1:174-180.
52. Purves LR, MacNab M, Geddes EW, Bersohn I. Serum alpha foetoprotein and primary liver cancer. Lancet. 1968;i:921-2.
53. Kashala LO, Kalengayi MMR, Essex M. Alpha-foetoprotein synthesis in human hepatocellular carcinoma: correlation with Hepatitis B surface antigen expression. Cancer Invest. 1992;10:513-522.
54. Kew MC. Hepatitis C virus infection in black patients with hepatocellular carcinoma in southern Africa. Princess Takamatsu Symp. 1995;25:33-40.
55. van Wyk J, Halgrimson CG, Giles C, Lilly J, Martineau G, Starzl TE. Liver transplantation in biliary atresia with concomitant hepatoma. S Afr Med J. 1972;46:885-889.
56. Kohno M, Kitatani H, Wada H, Kajimoto T, Matuno H, Takarada A. Hepatocellular carcinoma complicating biliary cirrhosis caused by biliary atresia: report of a case. J Pediatr Surg. 1995;30:1713-1716.
57. Kew MC, McKnight A, Hodkinson J, Bukofzer S, Esser JD. The role of membranous obstruction of the vena cava in the etiology of hepatocellular carcinoma in Southern African blacks. Hepatology. 1989;9:121-125.
58. Vileisis RA, Sorenson K, Gonzalez-Crussi F, Hunt CE. Liver malignancy after parenteral nutrition. J Pediatr. 1982;100: 88-90.
59. Lee CL, Hsieh KS, Ko YC. Trends in the incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma in boys and girls in Taiwan after large scale hepatitis B vaccination. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2003;12:57-59.
60. Harvey WJ, Woodfield DG, Probert JC. Maternal transmission of hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer. 1984;54:1360-1363.
61. Fattovich G. Natural history and prognosis of hepatitis B. Semin Liver Dis. 2003;23:47-58.
62. Broderick AL, Jonas MM. Hepatitis B in children. Semin Liver Dis. 2003;23:59-68.
63. Ni YH, Chang M-H, Hsu HY, Tsuei DJ. Different hepatitis virus core mutations in children with chronic infection and hepatocellular carcinoma. Gut. 2003;52:122-125.
64. Buckley JD, Sather H, Ruccione K, et al. A case control study of risk factors for hepatoblastoma. Cancer. 1989;64:1169-1176.
65. Cheah PL, Loo LM, Lin HP, Yap SF. Childhood primary hepatocellular carcinoma and hepatitis B infection. Cancer. 1990;65:174-76.
66. Cheah PL, Loo LM, Lin HP, et al. A case of childhood hepatitis B virus infection related to primary hepatocellular carcinoma with short malignant transformation time. Pathology. 1991;23:66-68.
67. Hemminski K, Li X. Familial liver and gall bladder cancer: a nationwide epidemiological study from Sweden. Gut. 2003; 52:592-596.
68. Bressac B, Kew M, Wands J, Ozturk M. Selective G to T mutations of p53 gene in hepatocellular carcinoma from Southern Africa. Nature. 1991;350:429-431.
69. Hsu IC, Metcalf RA, Sun T, Welsh JA, Wang NJ, Harris CC. Mutational hotspot in the p53 gene in human hepatocellular carcinoma. Nature. 1991;350:427-428.
70. Kim H, Lee MJ, Kim MR, et al. Expression of cyclin D1, cyclin E, cdk4 and loss of heterozygosity of 8p, 13p and 17p in hepatocellular carcinoma: comparison study of childhood and adult hepatocellular carcinoma. Liver. 2000;20:173-178.
71. Cui J, Zhou x, Liu Y, Tang Z, Romeih M. Wnt signalling in hepatocellular carcinoma: analysis of mutation and expression of beta-catenin, t-cell factor-4 and glycosynthetase kinase 3-beta genes. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2003; 18:280-287.
72. Weinberg AG, Finegold MJ. Primary hepatic tumours of childhood. Hum Pathol. 1983;14:512-537.
73. Shapiro P, Ikeda RM, Ruebner BH, Connors MH, Alstead CC, Abilgaard CF. Multiple hepatic tumours and peliosis in Fanconis anaemia treated with androgens. Am J Dis Child. 1977; 131:1104-1106.
74. Voigt M, Kirsch R. Universal infant immunisation for hepatitis B - from dream to reality. S Afr Med J. 1995;85:339.
75. Kew MC. Hepatocellular carcinoma with and without cirrhosis. Gastroenterology. 1989;97:136-139.