Diagnosis and treatment of community-acquired pneumonia

American Family Physician

Volumn 73, Issue 3, 2006, Pages 442-450

  Lutfiyya, M Nawal ^a,c   Henley, Eric ^a,d   Chang, Linda F ^a,e   Reyburn, Stephanie Wessel ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT URBANA CHAMPAIGN   (United States)

^b MAYO CLINIC   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT CHICAGO   (United States)

^d UIC School of Public Health

^e UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AMOXICILLIN; AMOXICILLIN PLUS CLAVULANIC ACID; ANTIBIOTIC AGENT; AZITHROMYCIN; BETA LACTAM ANTIBIOTIC; CEFEPIME; CEFOTAXIME; CEFPODOXIME; CEFPODOXIME PROXETIL; CEFPROZIL; CEFTRIAXONE; CEFUROXIME; CEFUROXIME AXETIL; CEPHALOSPORIN; CLARITHROMYCIN; CLINDAMYCIN; COTRIMOXAZOLE; DOXYCYCLINE; ERYTHROMYCIN; GATIFLOXACIN; LEVOFLOXACIN; MACROLIDE; MOXIFLOXACIN; PENICILLIN G; PENICILLIN V; QUINOLINE DERIVED ANTIINFECTIVE AGENT; SULTAMICILLIN; TETRACYCLINE; VANCOMYCIN;

ABDOMINAL PAIN; ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE; CHILL; CLINICAL FEATURE; CLINICAL PATHWAY; COMMUNITY ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA; CONSTIPATION; COST CONTROL; COST EFFECTIVENESS ANALYSIS; COUGHING; DIAGNOSTIC ACCURACY; DIARRHEA; DISEASE SEVERITY; DRUG COST; DRUG ERUPTION; DRUG INDICATION; DRUG TOLERABILITY; DYSPNEA; FATIGUE; FEVER; HEALTH CARE COST; HEALTH CARE ORGANIZATION; HOSPITAL PATIENT; HOSPITALIZATION; HUMAN; LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS; MORTALITY; NAUSEA AND VOMITING; PATIENT ASSESSMENT; PATIENT CARE; PHOTOTOXICITY; PHYSICAL EXAMINATION; PHYSICIAN; PLEURISY; PNEUMONIA SEVERITY INDEX; PRACTICE GUIDELINE; PREDICTION; PSEUDOMEMBRANOUS COLITIS; RADIODIAGNOSIS; REVIEW; RIGOR; RISK FACTOR; SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY; STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE; THORAX PAIN;

ALGORITHMS; ANTI-BACTERIAL AGENTS; COMMUNITY-ACQUIRED INFECTIONS; DRUG RESISTANCE, BACTERIAL; HEMATOLOGIC TESTS; HUMANS; LUNG; PHYSICAL EXAMINATION; PNEUMONIA; UNITED STATES;

EID: 32244442157     PISSN: 0002838X     EISSN: 0002838X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Review

References (39)

1. Andrews J, Nadjm B, Gant V, Shetty N. Community-acquired pneumonia. Curr Opin Pulm Med 2003;9:175-80.
2. Niederman MS. Community-acquired pneumonia: management controversies, part 1; practical recommendations from the latest guidelines. J Respir Dis 2002;23:10-7.
3. Arias E, Anderson RN, Kung HC, Murphy SL, Kochanek KD. Deaths: final data for 2001. Natl Vital Stat Rep 2003;52:1-115.
4. Hall MJ, DeFrances CJ. 2001 National hospital discharge survey. Adv Data 2004:1-20.
5. File TM. Community-acquired pneumonia. Lancet 2003;362:1991-2001.
6. Fish D. Pneumonia. In: Pharmacotherapy self-assessment program. 4th ed. Kansas City: American College of Clinical Pharmacy, 2002.
7. Beovic B, Bonac B, Kese D, Avsic-Zupanc T, Kreft S, Lesnicar G, et al. Aetiology and clinical presentation of mild community-acquired bacterial pneumonia. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2003;22:584-91.
8. Niederman MS, Mandell LA, Anzueto A, Bass JB, Broughton WA, Campbell GD, et al. American Thoracic Society. Guidelines for the management of adults with community-acquired pneumonia. Diagnosis, assessment of severity, antimicrobial therapy, and prevention. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2001;163:1730-54.
9. Mandell LA, Bartlett JG, Dowell SF, File TM Jr, Musher DM, Whitney C. Infectious Diseases Society of America. Update of practice guidelines for the management of community-acquired pneumonia in immunocompetent adults. Clin Infect Dis 2003;37:1405-33.
10. Sopena N, Sabria M, Pedro-Botet ML, Manterola JM, Matas L, Dominguez J, et al. Prospective study of community-acquired pneumonia of bacterial etiology in adults. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 1999;18:852-8.
11. Campbell SG, Marrie TJ, Anstey R, Dickinson G, Ackroyd-Stolarz S. The contribution of blood cultures to the clinical management of adult patients admitted to the hospital with community-acquired pneumonia: a prospective observational study. Chest 2003;123:1142-50.
12. Feagan BG. A controlled trial of a critical pathway for treating community-acquired pneumonia: the CAPITAL study. Community-Acquired Pneumonia Intervention Trial Assessing Levofloxacin. Pharmacotherapy 2001;21(pt 2):S89-94.
13. Priebe DL, Chambliss ML. Blood cultures not helpful for community-acquired pneumonia. J Fam Pract 2003;52:599-600.
14. Sopena N, Sabria-Leal M, Pedro-Botet ML, Padilla E, Dominguez J, Morera J, et al. Comparative study of the clinical presentation of Legionella pneumonia and other community-acquired pneumonias. Chest 1998;113:1195-200.
15. Fine MJ, Auble TE, Yealy DM, Hanusa BH, Weissfeld LA, Singer DE, et al. A prediction rule to identify low-risk patients with community-acquired pneumonia. N Engl J Med 1997;336:243-50.
16. Fine MJ, Hough LJ, Medsger AR, Li YH, Ricci EM, Singer DE, et al. The hospital admission decision for patients with community-acquired pneumonia. Results from the Pneumonia Patient Outcomes Research Team cohort study. Arch Intern Med 1997;157:36-44.
17. Fine MJ, Pratt HM, Obrosky DS, Lave JR, McIntosh LJ, Singer DE, et al. Relation between length of hospital stay and costs of care for patients with community-acquired pneumonia. Am J Med 2000;109:378-85.
18. Goss CH, Rubenfeld GD, Park DR, Sherbin VL, Goodman MS, Root RK. Cost and incidence of social comorbidities in low-risk patients with community-acquired pneumonia admitted to a public hospital. Chest 2003;124:2148-55.
19. Hoe LK, Keang LT. Hospitalized low-risk community-acquired pneumonia: outcome and potential for costsavings. Respirology 1999;4:307-9.
20. Ruiz M, Ewig S, Marcos MA, Martinez JA, Arancibia F, Mensa J, et al. Etiology of community-acquired pneumonia: impact of age, comorbidity, and severity. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1999;160:397-405.
21. Arnold FW, Ramirez JA, McDonald LC, Xia EL. Hospitalization for community-acquired pneumonia: the pneumonia severity index vs clinical judgment. Chest 2003;124:121-4.
22. Roson B, Carratala J, Dorca J, Casanova A, Manresa F, Gudiol F. Etiology, reasons for hospitalization, risk classes, and outcomes of community-acquired pneumonia in patients hospitalized on the basis of conventional admission criteria. Clin Infect Dis 2001;33:158-65.
23. Mandell LA. Community-acquired pneumonia. Etiology, epidemiology, and treatment. Chest 1995;108(suppl):S35-42.
24. Mandell LA. Antibiotic therapy for community-acquired pneumonia. Clin Chest Med 1999;20:589-98.
25. Mandell LA. Antimicrobial approaches to therapy for pneumonia. Curr Opin Pulm Med 1996;2:218-27.
26. Mundy LM, Oldach D, Auwaerter PG, Gaydos CA, Moore RD, Bartlett JG, et al., for the Hopkins CAP team. Implications for macrolide treatment in community-acquired pneumonia. Chest 1998;113:1201-6.
27. Mandell LA. Antibiotics for pneumonia therapy. Med Clin North Am 1994;78:997-1014.
28. Mandell LA, Marrie TJ, Grossman RF, Chow AW, Hyland RH, for the Canadian Community-Acquired Pneumonia Working Group. Canadian guidelines for the initial management of community-acquired pneumonia: an evidence-based update by the Canadian Infectious Diseases Society and the Canadian Thoracic Society. Clin Infect Dis 2000;31:383-421.
29. Heffelfinger JD, Dowell SF, Jorgensen JH, Klugman KP, Mabry LR, Musher DM, et al. Management of community-acquired pneumonia in the era of pneumococcal resistance: a report from the Drug-Resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae Working Group. Arch Intern Med 2000;160:1399-408.
30. Mandell LA, Bergeron MC, Gribble MJ, et al. Sequential antibiotic therapy: effective cost management and patient care. Can J Infect Dis 1995;6:306.
31. Kuti JL, Capitano B, Nicolau DP. Cost-effective approaches to the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia in the era of resistance. Pharmacoeconomics 2002;20:513-28.
32. Jones RN, Biedenbach DJ, Beach ML. Influence of patient age on the susceptibility patterns of Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates in North America (2000-2001): report from the SENTRY Antimicrobial Surveillance Program. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2003;46:77-80.
33. Begg EJ, Barclay ML, Kirkpatrick CM. The therapeutic monitoring of antimicrobial agents. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2001;52(suppl 1):S35-43.
34. Milkovich G. Intravenous-to-oral transition therapy in community-acquired pneumonia: the INOVA Health System experience. Pharmacotherapy 2001;21(pt 2):S83-8.
35. Weingarten SR, Riedinger MS, Varis G, Noah MS, Belman MJ, Meyer RD, et al. Identification of low-risk hospitalized patients with pneumonia. Implications for early conversion to oral antimicrobial therapy. Chest 1994;105:1109-15.
36. Siegel RE, Halpern NA, Almenoff PL, Lee A, Cashin R, Greene JG. A prospective randomized study of in-patient iv. antibiotics for community-acquired pneumonia. The optimal duration of therapy. Chest 1996;110:965-71.
37. Ramirez JA, Vargas S, Ritter GW, Brier ME, Wright A, Smith S, et al. Early switch from intravenous to oral antibiotics and early hospital discharge: a prospective observational study of 200 consecutive patients with community-acquired pneumonia. Arch Intern Med 1999;159:2449-54.
38. Coffey RJ, Richards JS, Remmert CS, LeRoy SS, Schoville RR, Baldwin PJ. An introduction to critical paths. Qual Manag Health Care 1992;1:45-54.
39. Marrie TJ, Lau CY, Wheeler SL, Wong CJ, Vanervoort MK, Feagan BG. A controlled trial of a critical pathway for treatment of community-acquired pneumonia. CAPITAL Study Investigators. Community-Acquired Pneumonia Intervention Trial Assessing Levofloxacin. JAMA 2000;283:749-55.