메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 20, Issue 3, 1999, Pages 589-598

Antibiotic therapy for community-acquired pneumonia

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AMINOPENICILLIN; BETA LACTAMASE INHIBITOR; CARBAPENEM; CEFOTAXIME; CEFTRIAXONE; CEPHALOSPORIN DERIVATIVE; CLINDAMYCIN; MACROLIDE; MONOBACTAM DERIVATIVE; PENICILLIN G; PIPERACILLIN; PIPERACILLIN PLUS TAZOBACTAM; QUINOLINE DERIVED ANTIINFECTIVE AGENT; TAZOBACTAM; TETRACYCLINE DERIVATIVE; TROVAFLOXACIN; UREIDOPENICILLIN; VANCOMYCIN;

EID: 0032879744     PISSN: 02725231     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0272-5231(05)70238-0     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (11)

References (76)
  • 1
    • 0031840657 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Once-daily sparfloxacin versus high-dosage amoxicillin in the treatment of community-acquired, suspected pneumococcal pneumonia in adults
    • M. Aubier R. Verster C. Regamey Once-daily sparfloxacin versus high-dosage amoxicillin in the treatment of community-acquired, suspected pneumococcal pneumonia in adults Clin Inf Dis 26 1998 1312 1320
    • (1998) Clin Inf Dis , vol.26 , pp. 1312-1320
    • Aubier, M.1    Verster, R.2    Regamey, C.3
  • 2
    • 0031714843 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessing prognosis and selecting an initial site of care for adults with community-acquired pneumonia
    • T.E. Auble D.M. Yealy M.J. Fine Assessing prognosis and selecting an initial site of care for adults with community-acquired pneumonia Infect Dis Clin North Am 12 1998 741 759
    • (1998) Infect Dis Clin North Am , vol.12 , pp. 741-759
    • Auble, T.E.1    Yealy, D.M.2    Fine, M.J.3
  • 3
    • 0001858718 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Quinolones: History and Overview
    • P. Ball The Quinolones: History and Overview V.T. Andriole The Quinolones 1998 Academic Press San Diego 1 18
    • (1998) , pp. 1-18
    • Ball, P.1
  • 4
    • 85119792600 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ballow CH, Jones RN, Johnson D, et al: Regional trends in S. pneumoniae resistance: Results of a nationwide, multi-center trial In Abstracts of the 37th ICAAC, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, Sept. 28-Oct. 1, 1997.
  • 5
    • 0031894382 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Community-acquired pneumonia in adults: Guidelines for management
    • J.G. Bartlett R.F. Breiman L.A. Mandell Community-acquired pneumonia in adults: Guidelines for management Clin Infect Dis 26 1998 811 838
    • (1998) Clin Infect Dis , vol.26 , pp. 811-838
    • Bartlett, J.G.1    Breiman, R.F.2    Mandell, L.A.3
  • 8
    • 0020677346 scopus 로고
    • Endobrachial pH. Relevance to aminoglycoside activity in gram-negative bacillary pneumonia
    • C.R. Bodem L.M. Lampton D.P. Miller Endobrachial pH. Relevance to aminoglycoside activity in gram-negative bacillary pneumonia Am Rev Respir Dis 127 1983 39 41
    • (1983) Am Rev Respir Dis , vol.127 , pp. 39-41
    • Bodem, C.R.1    Lampton, L.M.2    Miller, D.P.3
  • 10
    • 0029999550 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The continued emergency of drug-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae in the United States: An update from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Pneumococcal Sentinel Surveillance System
    • J.C. Butler J. Hofmann M.S. Cetron The continued emergency of drug-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae in the United States: An update from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Pneumococcal Sentinel Surveillance System J Infect Dis 174 1996 986 993
    • (1996) J Infect Dis , vol.174 , pp. 986-993
    • Butler, J.C.1    Hofmann, J.2    Cetron, M.S.3
  • 11
    • 0030589855 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Defining the public health impact of drug-resistant S. pneumoniae: Report of a working group
    • CDC Defining the public health impact of drug-resistant S. pneumoniae : Report of a working group MMWR 45 RR-1 suppl 1996 1 20
    • (1996) MMWR , vol.45 , Issue.RR-1 suppl , pp. 1-20
    • CDC1
  • 12
    • 0023869399 scopus 로고
    • Nosocomial pneumonia a multivariate analysis of risk and prognosis
    • R. Celis A. Torres J.M. Gatell Nosocomial pneumonia a multivariate analysis of risk and prognosis Chest 93 1988 318 324
    • (1988) Chest , vol.93 , pp. 318-324
    • Celis, R.1    Torres, A.2    Gatell, J.M.3
  • 13
    • 0028100955 scopus 로고
    • Interim report on drug utilization review of community-acquired and nosocomial pneumonia: Clinical, bacteriological and radiological spectrum
    • C.W. Chow N. Senthiragah M. Rawje Interim report on drug utilization review of community-acquired and nosocomial pneumonia: Clinical, bacteriological and radiological spectrum Can J Infect Dis 5 suppl C 1994 20C
    • (1994) Can J Infect Dis , vol.5 , Issue.suppl C , pp. 20C
    • Chow, C.W.1    Senthiragah, N.2    Rawje, M.3
  • 14
    • 0025938759 scopus 로고
    • Enterobacter bacteremia—Clinical features and emergence of antibiotic resistance during therapy
    • J.W. Chow M.J. Fine D.M. Shlaes Enterobacter bacteremia—Clinical features and emergence of antibiotic resistance during therapy Ann Intern Med 115 1991 585 590
    • (1991) Ann Intern Med , vol.115 , pp. 585-590
    • Chow, J.W.1    Fine, M.J.2    Shlaes, D.M.3
  • 15
    • 85113043614 scopus 로고
    • Penicillins
    • W.A. Craig Penicillins S.L. Gorbach J.G. Bartlett N.R. Blacklow Infectious Diseases 1992 WB Saunders Philadelphia 160
    • (1992) , pp. 160
    • Craig, W.A.1
  • 16
    • 0030221480 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antimicrobial resistance issues of the future
    • W.A. Craig Antimicrobial resistance issues of the future Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 25 1996 213 217
    • (1996) Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis , vol.25 , pp. 213-217
    • Craig, W.A.1
  • 17
    • 0021884126 scopus 로고
    • Economic costs of respiratory tract infections in the United States
    • R.E. Dixon Economic costs of respiratory tract infections in the United States Am J Med 78 1985 45
    • (1985) Am J Med , vol.78 , pp. 45
    • Dixon, R.E.1
  • 18
    • 0030003732 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antimicrobial resistance of Streptococcus pneumoniae recovered from outpatients in the United States during the winter months of 1994 to 1995: Results of a 30-center national surveillance study
    • G.V. Doern A. Brueggemann H.P. Holley Jr Antimicrobial resistance of Streptococcus pneumoniae recovered from outpatients in the United States during the winter months of 1994 to 1995: Results of a 30-center national surveillance study Antimicrob Agents Chemother 40 1996 1208 1213
    • (1996) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.40 , pp. 1208-1213
    • Doern, G.V.1    Brueggemann, A.2    Holley, H.P.3
  • 19
    • 85119814366 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Erard PH, Moser F, Wenger A, et al: Prospective study on community-acquired pneumonia diagnosed and followed up by private practitioners. CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland [abstract 56]. Abstracts of the 31st ICAAC, Chicago; Ill, October 1991.
  • 20
    • 11944258698 scopus 로고
    • New and emerging etiologies for community-acquired pneumonia with implications for therapy; a prospective multicenter study of 359 cases
    • G.D. Fang M. Fine J. Orloff New and emerging etiologies for community-acquired pneumonia with implications for therapy; a prospective multicenter study of 359 cases Medicine (Baltimore) 69 1990 307 316
    • (1990) Medicine (Baltimore) , vol.69 , pp. 307-316
    • Fang, G.D.1    Fine, M.2    Orloff, J.3
  • 21
    • 0343852343 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A multicenter, randomized study comparing the efficacy and safety of intravenous and/or oral levofloxacin versus ceftriaxone and/or cefuroxime axetil in treatment of adults with community-acquired pneumonia
    • T.M. File Jr J. Segreti L. Dunbar A multicenter, randomized study comparing the efficacy and safety of intravenous and/or oral levofloxacin versus ceftriaxone and/or cefuroxime axetil in treatment of adults with community-acquired pneumonia Antimicrob Agents Chemother 41 1997 1965 1972
    • (1997) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.41 , pp. 1965-1972
    • File, T.M.1    Segreti, J.2    Dunbar, L.3
  • 22
    • 0030031642 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prognosis and outcomes of patients with community-acquired pneumonia
    • M.J. Fine M.A. Smith C.A. Carson Prognosis and outcomes of patients with community-acquired pneumonia JAMA 275 1996 134 141
    • (1996) JAMA , vol.275 , pp. 134-141
    • Fine, M.J.1    Smith, M.A.2    Carson, C.A.3
  • 23
    • 0026634264 scopus 로고
    • Antibiotic-resistant pneumococcal disease in South African children
    • I.R. Friedland K.P. Klugman Antibiotic-resistant pneumococcal disease in South African children Am J Dis Child 146 1992 920 923
    • (1992) Am J Dis Child , vol.146 , pp. 920-923
    • Friedland, I.R.1    Klugman, K.P.2
  • 24
    • 0027956204 scopus 로고
    • Management of infections caused by antibiotic-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae.
    • I.R. Friedland G.H. McCracken Jr Management of infections caused by antibiotic-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae. N Engl J Med 331 1994 377 382
    • (1994) N Engl J Med , vol.331 , pp. 377-382
    • Friedland, I.R.1    McCracken, G.H.2
  • 25
    • 0018133739 scopus 로고
    • Differences in etiology of pneumonias in nursing home and community patients
    • J.L. Gard R.B. Brown J.R. Garb Differences in etiology of pneumonias in nursing home and community patients JAMA 240 1978 2169
    • (1978) JAMA , vol.240 , pp. 2169
    • Gard, J.L.1    Brown, R.B.2    Garb, J.R.3
  • 26
    • 0028124689 scopus 로고
    • Assessing prognosis and predicting patient outcomes in community-acquired pneumonia
    • K. Gilbert M.J. Fine Assessing prognosis and predicting patient outcomes in community-acquired pneumonia Semin Respir Infect 9 1994 140 152
    • (1994) Semin Respir Infect , vol.9 , pp. 140-152
    • Gilbert, K.1    Fine, M.J.2
  • 27
    • 0030740387 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Choice of an oral beta-lactam antibiotic for infections due to penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae.
    • F.W. Goldstein Choice of an oral beta-lactam antibiotic for infections due to penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae. Scand J Infect Dis 29 1997 255 257
    • (1997) Scand J Infect Dis , vol.29 , pp. 255-257
    • Goldstein, F.W.1
  • 28
    • 0001291428 scopus 로고
    • A resistant pneumococcus [letter]
    • D. Hansman M.M. Bullen A resistant pneumococcus [letter] Lancet 2 1967 264
    • (1967) Lancet , vol.2 , pp. 264
    • Hansman, D.1    Bullen, M.M.2
  • 29
    • 0028798040 scopus 로고
    • Molecular characterization of nine different types of mutants among 107 inhibitor-resistant TEM beta-lactamases from clinical isolates of Escherichia coli.
    • C. Henquell C. Chanal D. Sirot Molecular characterization of nine different types of mutants among 107 inhibitor-resistant TEM beta-lactamases from clinical isolates of Escherichia coli. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 39 1995 427 430
    • (1995) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.39 , pp. 427-430
    • Henquell, C.1    Chanal, C.2    Sirot, D.3
  • 31
    • 0025274003 scopus 로고
    • Activities of beta-lactam antibiotics against Escherichia coli strains producing extended-spectrum beta-lactamses
    • G.A. Jacoby I. Carreras Activities of beta-lactam antibiotics against Escherichia coli strains producing extended-spectrum beta-lactamses Antimicrob Agents Chemother 34 1990 858 862
    • (1990) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.34 , pp. 858-862
    • Jacoby, G.A.1    Carreras, I.2
  • 32
    • 85119790316 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Johnston NJ, deAzavedo JC, Kellner D, et al: Prevalence and characterization of the mechanisms of macrolide, lincosamide, and streptogramin resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae from across Canada [Abstract C-77a]. In Abstracts from the 37th ICAAC, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, Sept. 28-Oct. 1, 1997.
  • 33
  • 34
    • 0024995124 scopus 로고
    • Pneumococcal resistance to antibiotics
    • K.P. Klugman Pneumococcal resistance to antibiotics Clin Microbiol Rev 3 1990 171 196
    • (1990) Clin Microbiol Rev , vol.3 , pp. 171-196
    • Klugman, K.P.1
  • 35
    • 0030179507 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The clinical relevance of in-vitro resistance to penicillin, ampicillin, amoxicillin and alternative agents, for the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella catarrhalis.
    • K.P. Klugman The clinical relevance of in-vitro resistance to penicillin, ampicillin, amoxicillin and alternative agents, for the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella catarrhalis. J Antimicrob Chemother 38 suppl A 1996 S133 S140
    • (1996) J Antimicrob Chemother , vol.38 , Issue.suppl A , pp. S133-S140
    • Klugman, K.P.1
  • 36
    • 0031778508 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The clinical relevance of antibiotic resistance in the management of pneumococcal pneumonia
    • K.P. Klugman C. Feldman The clinical relevance of antibiotic resistance in the management of pneumococcal pneumonia Infect Dis Clin Pract 7 1998 180 184
    • (1998) Infect Dis Clin Pract , vol.7 , pp. 180-184
    • Klugman, K.P.1    Feldman, C.2
  • 37
    • 0002892367 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bacterial resistance to quinolones
    • T. Kohler J.C. Pechere Bacterial resistance to quinolones V.T. Andriole The Quinolones 1998 Academic Press San Diego 117 142
    • (1998) , pp. 117-142
    • Kohler, T.1    Pechere, J.C.2
  • 38
    • 0000273136 scopus 로고
    • Serological investigation of pneumonia as it presents to the physician's office
    • D.B. Langille L. Yates T.J. Marrie Serological investigation of pneumonia as it presents to the physician's office Can J Infect Dis 4 1993 328
    • (1993) Can J Infect Dis , vol.4 , pp. 328
    • Langille, D.B.1    Yates, L.2    Marrie, T.J.3
  • 39
    • 0020961609 scopus 로고
    • Meningitis in a Canadian infant due to pneumococcus resistant to penicillin and chloramphenicol
    • J. Lapointe J.H. Joncas Meningitis in a Canadian infant due to pneumococcus resistant to penicillin and chloramphenicol J Pediatr 103 1983 580 582
    • (1983) J Pediatr , vol.103 , pp. 580-582
    • Lapointe, J.1    Joncas, J.H.2
  • 40
    • 0028889934 scopus 로고
    • A 5-year study of severe community-acquired pneumonia with emphasis on prognosis in patients admitted to an ICU
    • O. Leroy C. Santre C. Beuscart A 5-year study of severe community-acquired pneumonia with emphasis on prognosis in patients admitted to an ICU Intensive Care Med 21 1995 24 31
    • (1995) Intensive Care Med , vol.21 , pp. 24-31
    • Leroy, O.1    Santre, C.2    Beuscart, C.3
  • 41
    • 0023864119 scopus 로고
    • Community-acquired pneumonia: Importance of initial noninvasive bacteriologic and radiographic investigations
    • M. Levy Community-acquired pneumonia: Importance of initial noninvasive bacteriologic and radiographic investigations Chest 92 1988 43 48
    • (1988) Chest , vol.92 , pp. 43-48
    • Levy, M.1
  • 42
    • 0028883511 scopus 로고
    • Beta-lactamses in laboratory and clinical resistance
    • D.M. Livermore Beta-lactamses in laboratory and clinical resistance Clin Microbiol Rev 8 1995 557 584
    • (1995) Clin Microbiol Rev , vol.8 , pp. 557-584
    • Livermore, D.M.1
  • 43
    • 0031683873 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Resistance issues and treatment implications: Pneumococcus, Staphylococcus aureus and gram-negative rods
    • D.E. Low Resistance issues and treatment implications: Pneumococcus, Staphylococcus aureus and gram-negative rods Infect Dis Clin North Am 12 1998 613 630
    • (1998) Infect Dis Clin North Am , vol.12 , pp. 613-630
    • Low, D.E.1
  • 44
    • 0030901413 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of BAL data on the therapy and outcome of ventilator-associated pneumonia
    • C.M. Luna P. Vujacich M.S. Niederman Impact of BAL data on the therapy and outcome of ventilator-associated pneumonia Chest 111 1997 676 685
    • (1997) Chest , vol.111 , pp. 676-685
    • Luna, C.M.1    Vujacich, P.2    Niederman, M.S.3
  • 45
    • 0028136999 scopus 로고
    • Antibiotics for pneumonia therapy
    • L.A. Mandell Antibiotics for pneumonia therapy Med Clin Norrth Am 78 1994 997 1014
    • (1994) Med Clin Norrth Am , vol.78 , pp. 997-1014
    • Mandell, L.A.1
  • 46
    • 0030745986 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microbiology of hospital-acquired pneumonia
    • L.A. Mandell M. Loeb Microbiology of hospital-acquired pneumonia Semin Respir Crit Care Med 18 1997 111 120
    • (1997) Semin Respir Crit Care Med , vol.18 , pp. 111-120
    • Mandell, L.A.1    Loeb, M.2
  • 47
    • 0030278374 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ambulatory patients with community-acquired pneumonia: The frequency of atypical agents and clinical course
    • T.J. Marrie R.W. Peeling M.J. Fine Ambulatory patients with community-acquired pneumonia: The frequency of atypical agents and clinical course Am J Med 101 1996 508
    • (1996) Am J Med , vol.101 , pp. 508
    • Marrie, T.J.1    Peeling, R.W.2    Fine, M.J.3
  • 48
    • 0030814756 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Incidence of community-acquired pneumonia requiring hospitalizations: Results of a population-based active surveillance study in Ohio
    • B.J. Marston J.F. Plouffe T.M. File Incidence of community-acquired pneumonia requiring hospitalizations: Results of a population-based active surveillance study in Ohio Arch Intern Med 157 1997 1709 1718
    • (1997) Arch Intern Med , vol.157 , pp. 1709-1718
    • Marston, B.J.1    Plouffe, J.F.2    File, T.M.3
  • 49
    • 0026662926 scopus 로고
    • Analysis of multiple antimicrobial-resistant isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae from the United States
    • L.K. McDougal R. Facklam M. Reeves Analysis of multiple antimicrobial-resistant isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae from the United States Antimicrob Agents Chemother 36 1992 2176 2184
    • (1992) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.36 , pp. 2176-2184
    • McDougal, L.K.1    Facklam, R.2    Reeves, M.3
  • 50
    • 0004575894 scopus 로고
    • In vitro antibacterial activity of the aminoglycoside antibiotics
    • R.C. Moellering Jr In vitro antibacterial activity of the aminoglycoside antibiotics Rev Infect Dis 5 suppl 2 1983 S212 S232
    • (1983) Rev Infect Dis , vol.5 , Issue.suppl 2 , pp. S212-S232
    • Moellering, R.C.1
  • 51
    • 0028332577 scopus 로고
    • Severe community-acquired pneumonia: Etiology, epidemiology and prognostic factors
    • P. Moine J.-B. Vercken S. Chevret Severe community-acquired pneumonia: Etiology, epidemiology and prognostic factors Chest 105 1994 1487 1495
    • (1994) Chest , vol.105 , pp. 1487-1495
    • Moine, P.1    Vercken, J.-B.2    Chevret, S.3
  • 52
    • 85119801891 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Moola S, Hagberg L, Churchyard A, et al: Comparison of grepafloxacin with clarithromycin in the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) [Abstract #L-113] Abstracts of the 38th ICAAC, San Diego, September 24-27, 1998.
  • 54
    • 0016296019 scopus 로고
    • Relapsing pneumococcal meningitis: Isolation of an organism with decreased susceptibility to penicillin G
    • S. Naraqi G.P. Kirkpatrick S. Kabins Relapsing pneumococcal meningitis: Isolation of an organism with decreased susceptibility to penicillin G J Pediatr 85 1974 671 673
    • (1974) J Pediatr , vol.85 , pp. 671-673
    • Naraqi, S.1    Kirkpatrick, G.P.2    Kabins, S.3
  • 55
  • 56
    • 85119796909 scopus 로고
    • National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing. (NCCLS document M100-S5 supplement, vol 24, no 16) 1994 National Committee for Laboratory Standards Villanova, PA
    • (1994)
    • National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards1
  • 57
    • 0028116573 scopus 로고
    • Predictive factors for invasive disease due to penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pneumoniae. A population-based study
    • J.M. Nava F. Bella J. Garau Predictive factors for invasive disease due to penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pneumoniae. A population-based study Clin Infect Dis 19 1994 884 890
    • (1994) Clin Infect Dis , vol.19 , pp. 884-890
    • Nava, J.M.1    Bella, F.2    Garau, J.3
  • 58
    • 0027359801 scopus 로고
    • Guidelines for the initial management of adults with community-acquired pneumonia: Diagnosis, assessment of severity, and initial antimicrobial therapy
    • M.S. Niederman J.B. Bass Jr G.D. Campbell Jr Guidelines for the initial management of adults with community-acquired pneumonia: Diagnosis, assessment of severity, and initial antimicrobial therapy Am Rev Respir Dis 148 1993 1418 1426
    • (1993) Am Rev Respir Dis , vol.148 , pp. 1418-1426
    • Niederman, M.S.1    Bass, J.B.2    Campbell, G.D.3
  • 59
    • 85119807874 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Niederman M, Traub S, Ellison WT, et al: A double blind, randomized, multicenter, global study in trovafloxacin with ceftriaxone + erythromycin [Abstract LM-72]. 37th ICAAC, Toronto, Ontario, September 28-October 1, 1997.
  • 60
    • 0029958622 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intrapulmonary pharmacokinetics of azithromycin in healthy volunteers given five oral doses
    • K.M. Olsen G.S. San Pedro L.P. Gann Intrapulmonary pharmacokinetics of azithromycin in healthy volunteers given five oral doses Antimicrob Agents Chemother 40 1996 2582 2585
    • (1996) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.40 , pp. 2582-2585
    • Olsen, K.M.1    San Pedro, G.S.2    Gann, L.P.3
  • 61
    • 0025330089 scopus 로고
    • Severe community-acquired pneumonia: Etiology, prognosis and treatment
    • J. Pachon M.D. Prados F. Capote Severe community-acquired pneumonia: Etiology, prognosis and treatment Am Rev Respir Dis 142 1990 369 373
    • (1990) Am Rev Respir Dis , vol.142 , pp. 369-373
    • Pachon, J.1    Prados, M.D.2    Capote, F.3
  • 62
    • 0029151009 scopus 로고
    • Resistance to penicillin and cephalosporin and mortality from severe pneumococcal pneumonia in Barcelona, Spain
    • R. Pallares J. Linares M. Vadillo Resistance to penicillin and cephalosporin and mortality from severe pneumococcal pneumonia in Barcelona, Spain N Engl J Med 333 1995 474 480
    • (1995) N Engl J Med , vol.333 , pp. 474-480
    • Pallares, R.1    Linares, J.2    Vadillo, M.3
  • 63
    • 0019483093 scopus 로고
    • Penetration of antibiotics into respiratory secretions
    • J.E. Pennington Penetration of antibiotics into respiratory secretions Rev Infect Dis 3 1981 67 73
    • (1981) Rev Infect Dis , vol.3 , pp. 67-73
    • Pennington, J.E.1
  • 64
    • 0027427471 scopus 로고
    • The use of intramuscular cefoperazone versus intramuscular ceftriaxone in patients with nursing home-acquired pneumonia
    • S.L. Phillips J. Branaman-Phillips The use of intramuscular cefoperazone versus intramuscular ceftriaxone in patients with nursing home-acquired pneumonia J Am Geriatr Soc 41 1993 1071
    • (1993) J Am Geriatr Soc , vol.41 , pp. 1071
    • Phillips, S.L.1    Branaman-Phillips, J.2
  • 66
    • 0030835469 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Invasive pneumococcal infections: A comparison between adults and children
    • G. Rahav Y. Toledano D. Engelhard Invasive pneumococcal infections: A comparison between adults and children Medicine (Baltimore) 76 1997 295 303
    • (1997) Medicine (Baltimore) , vol.76 , pp. 295-303
    • Rahav, G.1    Toledano, Y.2    Engelhard, D.3
  • 67
    • 0030956116 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intrapulmonary steady-state concentrations of clarithromycin and azithromycin in healthy adult volunteers
    • K.A. Rodvold M.H. Gotfried L.H. Danziger Intrapulmonary steady-state concentrations of clarithromycin and azithromycin in healthy adult volunteers Antimicrob Agents Chemother 41 1997 1399 1402
    • (1997) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.41 , pp. 1399-1402
    • Rodvold, K.A.1    Gotfried, M.H.2    Danziger, L.H.3
  • 68
    • 0022032590 scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms of microbial synergy in polymicrobial surgical infections
    • O.D. Rotstein T.L. Pruett R.L. Simmons Mechanisms of microbial synergy in polymicrobial surgical infections Rev Infect Dis 7 1985 151 170
    • (1985) Rev Infect Dis , vol.7 , pp. 151-170
    • Rotstein, O.D.1    Pruett, T.L.2    Simmons, R.L.3
  • 69
    • 85119792220 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Saito A, Soejima R: The first comparative study with levofloxacin: A double-blind comparative study of gatifloxacin, a new quinolone, and levofloxacin in pneumonia [Abstract L-101]. Abstracts of the 38th ICAAC, San Diego, September 24-27, 1998.
  • 70
    • 19244362627 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ceftazidime-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli bloodstream infection: A case-control and molecular epidemiologic investigation
    • D.A. Schiappa M.K. Hayden M.G. Matusek Ceftazidime-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli bloodstream infection: A case-control and molecular epidemiologic investigation J Infect Dis 174 1996 529 536
    • (1996) J Infect Dis , vol.174 , pp. 529-536
    • Schiappa, D.A.1    Hayden, M.K.2    Matusek, M.G.3
  • 71
    • 0028894848 scopus 로고
    • Incidence and mechanism of resistance to the combination of amoxicillin and clavulanic acid in Escherichia coli.
    • P. Stapleton P.J. Wu A. King Incidence and mechanism of resistance to the combination of amoxicillin and clavulanic acid in Escherichia coli. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 39 1995 2478 2483
    • (1995) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.39 , pp. 2478-2483
    • Stapleton, P.1    Wu, P.J.2    King, A.3
  • 72
    • 0022369578 scopus 로고
    • Review of in vitro activity of third-generation cephalosporins and other newer beta-lactam antibiotics against clinically important bacteria
    • C. Thornsberry Review of in vitro activity of third-generation cephalosporins and other newer beta-lactam antibiotics against clinically important bacteria Am J Med 79 2A 1985 14
    • (1985) Am J Med , vol.79 , Issue.2A , pp. 14
    • Thornsberry, C.1
  • 73
    • 0031431208 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Surveillance of antimicrobial resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Moraxella catarrhalis in the United States in 1996–1997 respiratory season
    • C. Thornsberry P. Ogilvie J.B. Kahn Surveillance of antimicrobial resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae , and Moraxella catarrhalis in the United States in 1996–1997 respiratory season Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 29 1997 249 257
    • (1997) Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis , vol.29 , pp. 249-257
    • Thornsberry, C.1    Ogilvie, P.2    Kahn, J.B.3
  • 74
    • 0025102886 scopus 로고
    • Incidence, risk and prognosis factors of nosocomial pneumonia in mechanically ventilated patients
    • A. Torres R. Aznar J.M. Gatell Incidence, risk and prognosis factors of nosocomial pneumonia in mechanically ventilated patients Am Rev Respir Dis 142 1990 523 528
    • (1990) Am Rev Respir Dis , vol.142 , pp. 523-528
    • Torres, A.1    Aznar, R.2    Gatell, J.M.3
  • 75
    • 0030779918 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Susceptibility of penicillin-susceptible and -resistant pneumococci to dirithromycin compared to susceptibilities to erythromycin, azithromycin, clarithromycin, roxithromycin, and clindamycin
    • M.A. Visalli M.R. Jacobs P.C. Appelbaum Susceptibility of penicillin-susceptible and -resistant pneumococci to dirithromycin compared to susceptibilities to erythromycin, azithromycin, clarithromycin, roxithromycin, and clindamycin Antimicrob Agents Chemother 41 1997 1867 1870
    • (1997) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.41 , pp. 1867-1870
    • Visalli, M.A.1    Jacobs, M.R.2    Appelbaum, P.C.3
  • 76
    • 0030471490 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Streptococcus pneumoniae resistance to fluoroquinolones [letter]
    • R. Wise N. Brenwald M. Gill Streptococcus pneumoniae resistance to fluoroquinolones [letter] Lancet 348 1996 1660
    • (1996) Lancet , vol.348 , pp. 1660
    • Wise, R.1    Brenwald, N.2    Gill, M.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.