Species richness and distribution of ferns along an elevational gradient in Costa Rica

American Journal of Botany

Volumn 93, Issue 1, 2006, Pages 73-83

  Watkins Jr , James E ^a   Cardelús, Catherine ^a   Colwell, Robert K ^b   Moran, Robbin C ^c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF CONNECTICUT   (United States)

^c NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN   (United States)

Author keywords

Epiphytes; Ferns; Mid domain effect; Pteridophytes; Species richness; Tropical mountains

Indexed keywords

ELEVATION; ENVIRONMENTAL GRADIENT; FERN; FUNCTIONAL GROUP; SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION; SPECIES RICHNESS;

CENTRAL AMERICA; COSTA RICA;

FILICOPHYTA; PTERIDOPHYTA;

EID: 31944438816     PISSN: 00029122     EISSN: 00029122     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3732/ajb.93.1.73     Document Type: Article

References (62)

1. BACHMAN, S., W. J. BAKER, N. BRUMMITT, J. DRANSFIELD, AND J. MOAT. 2004. Elevational gradients, area, and tropical island diversity: an example from the palms of New Guinea. Ecography 27: 299-310.
2. BENZING, D. 2000. Bromeliaceae: profile of an adaptive radiation. Cambridge University, Cambridge, UK.
3. BHATTARAI, K. R., AND O. R. VETAAS. 2003. Variation in plant species richness of different life forms along a subtropical elevation gradient in the Himalayas, east Nepal. Global Ecology and Biogeography 12: 327-340.
4. BHATTARAI, K. R., O. R. VETAAS, AND J. A. GRYTNES. 2004. Fern species richness along a central Himalayan elevation gradient. Journal of Biogeography 31: 389-400.
5. BOYLE, B. L. 1996. Changes on altitudinal and latitudinal gradients in neotropical montane forests. Ph.D. dissertation, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.
6. CARDELÚS, C. L., AND R. CHAZDON. 2005. Inner-crown microenvironments of two emergent tree species in a lowland wet forest. Biotropica 37: 238-244.
7. CARDELÚS, C. L., R. K. COLWELL, AND J. E. WATKINS, JR. 2006. Vascular epiphyte distribution patterns: explaining the mid-elevation richness peak. Journal of Ecology 94.
8. CASGRAIN, P. 2004. Permute! Multiple regression over distance, ultrametric, and additive matrices with permutation test. Computer program and documentation available at website http://www.bio.umontreal.ca/Casgrain/en/labo/ permute.
9. CASGRAIN, P., AND P. LEGENDRE. 2001. The R Package for multivariate and spatial analysis, version 4.0 d6. User's manual. Computer program and documentation available at website http://www.bio.umontreal.ca/Casgrain/en/labo/ R/v4/index.html.
10. CHAO, A., R. L. CHAZDON, R. K. COLWELL, AND T.-J. SHEN. 2005. A new statistical approach for assessing similarity of species composition with incidence and abundance data. Ecology Letters 8: 148-159.
11. CHAZDON, R. L., R. K. COLWELL, J. S. DENSLOW, AND M. R. GUARIGUATA. 1998. Statistical estimation of species richness of woody regeneration in primary and secondary rainforests of NE Costa Rica. In F. Dallmeier and J. Comisky [eds.], Forest biodiversity in North, Central, and South America and the Caribbean: research and monitoring, 285-309. Parthenon Press, Paris, France.
12. COLWELL, R. K. 2005a. RangeModel: a Monte Carlo simulation tool for assessing geometric constraints on species richness, version 4. User's guide and application available at website http://viceroy.eeb.uconn.edu/rangemodel.
13. COLWELL, R. K. 2005b. EstimateS: statistical estimation of species richness and shared species from samples, version 7.50. User's guide and computer program available at website http://purl.oclc.org/estimates.
14. COLWELL, R. K., AND G. C. HURTT. 1994. Nonbiological gradients in species richness and a spurious Rapoport effect. American Naturalist 144: 570-595.
15. COLWELL, R. K., AND D. C. LEES. 2000. The mid-domain effect: geometric constraints on the geography of species richness. Trends in Ecology & Evolution 15: 70-76.
16. COLWELL, R. K., C. X. MAO, AND J. CHANG. 2004a. Interpolating, extrapolating, and comparing incidence-based species accumulation curves. Ecology 85: 2717-2727.
17. COLWELL, R. K., C. RAHBEK, AND N. J. GOTELLI. 2004b. The mid-domain effect and species richness patterns: what have we learned so far? American Naturalist 163: E1-E23.
18. CONDIT, R., S. P. HUBBELL, J. V. LAFRANKIE, R. SUKUMAR, N. MANOKARAN, R. B. FOSTER, AND P. S. ASHTON. 1996. Species-area and species-individual relationships for tropical trees: a comparison of three 50-ha plots. Journal of Ecology 84: 549-562.
19. COPELAND, E. B. 1939. Fern evolution in Antarctica. Philippine Journal of Science 70: 157-235.
20. DE CANDOLLE, A. P. A. 1874. Constitution dans le Règne Vegetal de Groupes Physiologiques Applicables à la Gèographie Ancienne et Moderne. Bibliothèque Universelle de Genève, Paris, France.
21. FRAZER, G. W., C. D. CANHAM, P. SALLAWAY, AND D. MARINAKIS. 1999. Gap light analyzer. Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada, and Institute for Ecosystem Studies, Millbrook, New York, USA.
22. GENTRY, A. H. 1982. Neotropical floristic diversity: phytogeographical connections between Central and South America, pleistocene climatic fluctuations, or an accident of the Andean orogeny? Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 69: 557-593.
23. GENTRY, A. H. 1988. Changes in plant community diversity and floristic composition on environmental and geographical gradients. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 75: 1-34.
24. GOTELLI, N. J., AND G. R. GRAVES. 1996. Null models in ecology. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D.C., USA.
25. GRYTNES, J. A. 2003. Ecological interpretations of the mid-domain effect. Ecology Letters 6: 883-888.
26. GRYTNES, J. A., AND O. R. VETAAS. 2002. Species richness and altitude: a comparison between null models and interpolated plant species richness along the Himalayan altitudinal gradient, Nepal. American Naturalist 159: 294-304.
27. HARTSHORN, G., AND R. PERALTA. 1988. Preliminary description of primary forests along the La Selva-Volcán Barva altitudinal transect, Costa Rica. In F. Almeda and C. M. Pringle [eds.], Tropical rainforests: diversity and conservation, 281-306. California Academy of Sciences and Pacific Division, American Association for the Advancement of Science, San Francisco, California, USA.
28. HAWKINS, B. A., AND J. A. F. DINIZ-FILHO. 2002. The mid-domain effect cannot explain the diversity gradient of Nearctic birds. Global Ecology and Biogeography 11: 419-426.
29. KATTAN, G. H., AND P. FRANCO. 2004. Bird diversity along elevational gradients in the Andes of Colombia: area and mass effects. Global Ecology and Biogeography 13: 451-458.
30. KESSLER, M. 2000. Altitudinal zonation of Andean cryptogam communitites. Journal of Biogeography 27: 275-282.
31. KESSLER, M. 2001a. Pteridophyte species richness in Andean forests in Bolivia. Biodiversity and Conservation 10: 1473-1495.
32. KESSLER, M. 2001b. Patterns of diversity and range size of selected plant groups along an elevational transect in the Bolivian Andes. Biodiversity and Conservation 10: 1897-1921.
33. KESSLER, M. 2002. Range size and its ecological correlates among the pteridophytes of Carrasco National Park, Bolivia. Global Ecology and Biogeography 11: 89-102.
34. KESSLER, M., AND K. BACH. 1999. Using indicator groups for vegetation classification in species rich Neotropical forests. Phytocoenologia 29: 485-502.
35. KESSLER, M., B. S. PARRIS, AND E. KESSLER. 2001. A comparison of the tropical montane pteridophyte floras of Mount Kinabalu, Borneo, and Parque Nacional Carrasco, Bolivia. Journal of Biogeography 28: 611-622.
36. LEGENDRE, P., F.-J. LAPOINTE, AND P. CASGRAIN. 1994. Modeling brain evolution from behavior: a permutational regression approach. Evolution 48: 1487-1499.
37. LI, J. S., Y. L. SONG, AND Z. G. ZENG. 2003. Elevational gradients of small mammal diversity on the northern slopes of Mt. Qilian, China. Global Ecology and Biogeography 12: 449-460.
38. LIEBERMAN, D., M. LIEBERMAN, R. PERALTA, AND G. S. HARTSHORN. 1996. Tropical forest structure and composition on a large-scale altitudinal gradient in Costa Rica. Journal of Ecology 84: 137-152.
39. LOWMAN, M. D., AND N. M. NADKARNI. 1995. Forest canopies. Academic Press, San Diego, California, USA.
40. MCCAIN, C. M. 2003. North American desert rodents: a test of the middomain effect in species richness. Journal of Mammalogy 84: 967-980.
41. MORAN, M. D. 2004. Arguments for rejecting the sequential Bonferroni in ecological studies. Oikos 100: 403-405.
42. MORAN, R. C. 1995. The importance of mountains to pteridophytes, with emphasis on Neotropical montane forests. In S. P. Churchill, H. Balslev, E. Forero, and J. L. Luteyn [eds.], Biodiversity and conservation of montane forests, 359-363. New York Botanical Garden Press, Brooklyn, New York USA.
43. MORAN, R. C. AND R. RIBA [VOL. EDS.]. 1995. Psilotaceae a Salviniaceae. In G. Davidse, M. Sousa, and S. Knapp [gen. eds.], Flora mesoamericana, vol. 1. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico City, Mexico.
44. NORMAN, C. 1985. Virgin rain forest reprieved. Science 227: 273.
45. PARRIS, B. S., R. S. BEAMAN, AND J. H. BEAMAN. 1992. The plants of Mount Kinabalu. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, UK.
46. PECK, J. H., C. J. PECK, AND D. R. FARRAR. 1990. Influences of life history attributes on formation of local and distant fern populations. American Fern Journal 80: 126-142.
47. PERRY, D. R. 1978. A method of access into the crowns of emergent and canopy trees. Biotropica 10: 155-157.
48. PIMM, S. L., AND J. H. BROWN. 2004. Domains of diversity. Science 304: 831-833.
49. PROCTOR, J., Y. F. LEE, A. M. LANGLEY, W. R. C. MUNRO, AND T. NELSON. 1988. Ecological studies on Gunung Silam, a small ultrabasic mountain in Sabah, Malaysia. I. Environment, forest structure and floristics. Journal of Ecology 76: 320-340.
50. PRYER, K. M., A. R. SMITH, AND J. SKOG. 1995. Phylogenetic relationships of extant ferns based on evidence from morphology and rbcL sequences. American Fern Journal 85: 205-282.
51. RAHBEK, C. 1995. The elevational gradient of species richness: a uniform pattern? Ecography 18: 200-205.
52. RAHBEK, C. 2005. The role of spatial scale and the perception of large-scale species-richness patterns. Ecology Letters 8: 224-239.
53. RAHBEK, C., AND G. R. GRAVES. 2001. Multiscale assessment of patterns of avian species richness. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA 98: 4534-4539.
54. RICHARDS, P. W. 1996. The tropical rainforest. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.
55. SCHEINER, S. M., AND J. M. REYBENAYAS. 1994. Global patterns of plant diversity. Evolutionary Ecology 8: 331-347.
56. SMOUSE, P. E., J. C. LONG, AND R. R. SOKAL. 1986. Multiple regression and correlation extensions of the Mantel test of matrix correspondence. Systematic Zoology 35: 627-632.
57. TUOMISTO, H., AND A. D. POULSEN. 2000. Pteridophyte diversity and species composition in four Amazonian rain forests. Journal of Vegetation Science 11: 383-396.
58. TUOMISTO, H., K. RUOKOLAINEN, M. AGUILAR, AND A. SARMIENTO. 2003. Floristic patterns along a 43-km long transect in an Amazonian rain forest. Journal of Ecology 91: 743-756.
59. TUOMISTO, H., K. RUOKOLAINEN, A. D. POULSEN, R. C. MORAN, C. QUINTANA, G. CANAS, AND J. CELI. 2002. Distribution and diversity of pteridophytes and Melastomataceae along edaphic gradients in Yasuni National Park, Ecuadorian Amazonia. Biotropica 34: 516-533.
60. VAZQUEZ, J. A., AND T. J. GIVNISH. 1998. Altitudinal gradients in tropical forest composition, structure, and diversity in the Sierra de Manantlan. Journal of Ecology 86: 999-1020.
61. VETAAS, O. R., AND J.-A. GRYTNES. 2002. Distribution of vascular plant species richness and endemic richness along the Himalayan elevation gradient in Nepal. Global Ecology and Biogeography 11: 291-301.
62. WILLIG, M. R., D. M. KAUFFMAN, AND R. D. STEVENS. 2003. Latitudinal gradients of biodiversity: pattern, process, scale and synthesis. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 34: 273-309.