Elevational gradients, area and tropical island diversity: An example from the palms of New Guinea

Ecography

Volumn 27, Issue 3, 2004, Pages 299-310

  Bachman, Steven ^a   Baker, William J ^b   Brummitt, Neil ^b   Dransfield, John ^b   Moat, Justin ^b  

^a BRUNEL UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

^b ROYAL BOTANIC GARDENS   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ALTITUDE; BIODIVERSITY; ISLAND; SPATIAL VARIATION; SPECIES RICHNESS; TROPICAL ENVIRONMENT; VEGETATION;

ASIA; EURASIA; MALAY ARCHIPELAGO; NEW GUINEA; SOUTHEAST ASIA;

ARECACEAE;

EID: 3042622954     PISSN: 09067590     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.0906-7590.2004.03759.x     Document Type: Article

References (51)

1. Anon. 1999. ArcView GIS. - ESRI, Redlands, California.
2. Anon. 2001. GTOPO30 - Global topographic data. - USGS, 〈http://edcdaac.usgs.gov/gtopo30/gtopo30.html〉, last accessed: 30 Sept 2002.
3. Arrhenius, O. 1921. Species and area. - J. Ecol. 9: 95-99.
4. Baker, W. J. 2002. The palms of New Guinea project. - Fl. Males. Bull. 13: 35-37.
5. Bokma, F. and Mönkkönen, M. 2000. The mid-domain effect and the longitudinal dimension of continents. - Trends Ecol. Evol. 15: 288-289.
6. Brown, J. H. 1971. Mammals on mountaintops: nonequilibrium insular biogeography. - Am. Nat. 105: 467-478.
7. Colwell, R. K. 2000. RangeModel: a Monte Carlo simulation tool for assessing geometric constraints on species richness. Ver. 3. - User's guide and application, 〈http://viceroy.eeb.uconn.edu/asn〉.
8. Colwell, R. K. and Hurtt, G. C. 1994. Nonbiological gradients in species richness and a spurious Rapoport effect. - Am. Nat. 144: 570-595.
9. Colwell, R. K. and Lees, D. C. 2000. The mid-domain effect: geometric constraints on the geography of species richness. - Trends Ecol. Evol. 15: 70-76.
10. Colwell, R. K., Rahbek, C. and Gotelli, N. J. in press. The mid-domain effect and species richness patterns: what have we learned so far. - Am. Nat.
11. Connor, E. F. and McCoy, E. D. 1979. The statistics and biology of the species-area relationship. - Am. Nat. 113: 791-833.
12. Crawley, M. J. and Harral, J. E. 2001. Scale dependence in plant biodiversity. - Science 291: 864-868.
13. Darwin, C. 1859. On the origin of species by means of natural selection or the preservation of favoured races in the struggle for life. - John Murray, London.
14. Diniz-Filho, J. A. F. et al. 2002. Null models and spatial patterns of species richness in South American birds of prey. - Ecol. Lett. 5: 47-55.
15. Grytnes, J. A. and Vetaas, O. R. 2002. Species richness and altitude: a comparison between null models and interpolated plant species richness along the Himalayan altitudinal gradient, Nepal. - Am. Nat. 519: 294-304.
16. Heaney, L. R. 2001. Small mammal diversity along elevational gradients in the Philippines: an assessment of patterns and hypotheses. - Glob. Ecol. Biogeogr. 10: 15-39.
17. Jetz, W. and Rahbek, C. 2001. Geometric constraints explain much of the species richness pattern in African birds. - Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 98: 5661-5666.
18. Jetz, W. and Rahbek, C. 2002. Geographic range size and determinants of avian species richness. - Science 297: 1548-1551.
19. Kaspari, M., O'Donnell, S. and Kercher, J. R. 2000. Energy, density, and constraints to species richness: studies of ant assemblages along a productivity gradient. - Am. Nat. 155: 280-293.
20. Kessler, M. 2001. Pieridophyic species richness in Andean forests in Bolivia. - Biodiv. Conserv. 10: 1473-1495.
21. Koleff, P. and Gaston, K. J. 2001. Latitudinal gradients in diversity: real patterns and random models. - Ecography 24: 341-351.
22. La Ferla, B. et al. 2002. Continental scale patterns of biodiversity: can higher taxa accurately predict African plant distributions? - Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 138: 225-235.
23. Lawton, J. H., MacGarvin, M. and Heads, P. A. 1987. Effects of altitude on the abundance and species richness of insect herbivores on bracken. - J. Anim. Ecol. 56: 147-160.
24. Lees, D. C., Kremen, C. and Andriamampianina, L. 1999. A null model for species richness gradients: bounded range overlap of butterflies and other rainforest endemics in Madagascar. - Biol. J. Linn. Soc. 67: 529-584.
25. Lyons, S. K. and Willig, M. R. 1997. Latitudinal patterns of range size: methodological concerns and empirical evaluations for New World bats and marsupials. - Oikos 79: 568-580.
26. MacArthur, R. H. 1972. Geographical ecology: patterns in the distribution of species. - Harper and Rowe.
27. Nor, S. M. 2001. Elevational diversity patterns of small mammals on Mt. Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia. - Glob. Ecol. Biogeogr. 10: 41-62.
28. Ohlemüller, R. and Wilson, J. B. 2000. Vascular plant species richness along latitudinal and altitudinal gradients: a contribution from New Zealand temperate rainforests. - Ecol. Lett. 3: 262-266.
29. Patterson, B. D. et al. 1998. Contrasting patterns of elevational zonation for birds and mammals in the Andes of southeastern Peru. - J. Biogeogr. 25: 593-607.
30. Plotkin, J. B. et al. 2000. Predicting species diversity in tropical forests. - Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 97: 10850-10854.
31. Pineda, J. and Caswell, H. 1998. Bathymetric species-diversity patterns and boundary constraints on vertical range distributions. - Stud. Oceanogr. 45: 83-101.
32. Rahbek, C. 1995. The elevational gradient of species richness: a uniform pattern? - Ecography 18: 200-205.
33. Rahbek, C. 1997. The relationship among area, elevation, and regional species richness in Neotropical birds. - Am. Nat. 149: 875-902.
34. Rapoport, E. H. 1982. Areography: geographical strategies of species. The Fundación Bariloche Series Vol. 1. - Pergamon Press.
35. Rickart, E. A. 2001. Elevational diversity gradients, biogeography and the structure of montane mammal communities in the intermountain region of North America. - Glob. Ecol. Biogeogr. 10: 77-100.
36. Rosenzweig, M. L. 1992. Species diversity gradients: we know more and less than we thought. - J. Mammal. 73: 715-730.
37. Rosenzweig, M. L. 1995. Species diversity in space and time. - Cambridge Univ. Press.
38. Rosenzweig, M. L. and Abramsky, Z. 1993. How are diversity and productivity related? - In: Ricklefs, R. E. and Schluter, D. (eds), Species diversity in ecological communities: historical and geographical perspectives. Univ. of Chicago Press, pp. 52-65.
39. Sánchez-Cordero, V. 2001. Small mammal diversity along elevational gradients in Oaxaca, Mexico. - Glob. Ecol. Biogeogr. 10: 63-76.
40. Sanders, N. 2002. Elevational gradients in ant species richness: area, geometry, and Rapoport's rule. - Ecography 25: 25-32.
41. Stevens, G. C. 1989. The latitudinal gradient in geographic range: how so many species coexist in the tropics. - Am. Nat. 133: 240-256.
42. Stevens, G. C. 1992. The elevational gradient in altitudinal range: an extension of Rapoport's latitudinal rule to altitude. - Am. Nat. 140: 893-911.
43. Wallace, A. R. 1876. The geographical distribution of animals. - Macmillan.
44. Whittaker, R. H. 1960. Vegetation of the Siskiyou Mountains, Oregon and California. - Ecol. Monogr. 30: 279-338.
45. Whittaker, R. J., Willis, K. J. and Field, R. 2001. Scale and species richness: toward a general hierarchical theory of species diversity. - J. Biogeogr. 28: 453-470.
46. Willdenow, K. L. 1805. The principles of botany, and vegetable physiology. - Blackwood, Cadell and Davies, London.
47. Williams, C. B. 1943. Area and number of species. - Nature 152: 264-267.
48. Williams, P. H. and Gaston, K. J. 1994. Measuring more of biodiversity: can higher-taxon richness predict wholesale species richness. - Biol. Conserv. 67: 211-217.
49. Williamson, M. 1988. Relationship of species number to area, distance and other variables. - In: Myers, A. A. and Giller, P. S. (eds), Analytical biogeography. Chapman and Hall, pp. 94-115.
50. Willig, M. R. and Lyons, S. K. 1998. An analytical model of latitudinal gradients of species richness with an empirical test for marsupials and bats in the New World. - Oikos 81: 93-98.
51. Wolda, H. 1987. Altitude, habitat and tropical insect diversity. - Biol. J. Linn. Soc. 30: 313-323.