The evolution of China's engagement with international governmental organizations. Toward a liberal foreign policy?

Asian Survey

Volumn 45, Issue 5, 2005, Pages 702-721

  Hempson Jones, Justin S ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF READING   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

FOREIGN POLICY; GEOPOLITICS; LIBERALISM; ORGANIZATIONAL FRAMEWORK;

ASIA; CHINA; EURASIA; FAR EAST;

EID: 31144440418     PISSN: 00044687     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1525/as.2005.45.5.702     Document Type: Article

References (47)

1. Kenneth Waltz, Theory of International Politics (Reading, Mass.: Addison-Wesley Publishing Co., 1979), p. 105.
2. In particular, see John Mearsheimer, The Tragedy of Great Power Politics (New York: Norton, 2001). Other "prudent" realists range from neo-realist Kenneth Waltz to classical realists Hans Morgenthau and the ancient Greek historian Thucydides.
3. A phrase coined by Samuel Kim, "China and the United Nations," in China Joins the World: Progress and Prospects, Elizabeth Economy and Michel Oksenberg, eds. (New York: Council on Foreign Relations Press, 1999), p. 51.
4. See Permanent Mission of the People's Republic of China to the United Nations, China's Independent Foreign Policy of Peace, , accessed July 2003.
5. Ibid.
6. William Tow, Seeking Convergent Security (Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press, 2001), p. 33.
7. Denny Roy, "Restructuring Foreign and Defense Policy: The People's Republic of China," in Asia-Pacific in the New World Order, Anthony McGrew and Christopher Brook, eds. (London: Routledge, 1998), p. 156
8. and Alastair I. Johnston, "International Structures and Foreign Policy," in China and the World: Chinese Foreign Relations in the Post-Cold War Era, 3rd ed., Samuel Kim, ed. (Boulder, Colo.: Westview Press, 1994), p. 73.
9. Evan Feigenbaum, "China's Challenge to Pax Americana," Washington Quarterly 24:3 (Summer 2001), p. 33
10. and James D. Seymour, "Human Rights in Chinese Foreign Relations," in Kim, ed., China and the World, p. 218.
11. Roy, "Restructuring Foreign and Defense Policy," p. 139.
12. Johnston, "International Structures and Foreign Policy," p. 139.
13. Andrew S. Nathan and Robert S. Ross, The Great Wall and the Empty Fortress: China's Search for Security (New York: Norton, 1997), p. 6.
14. John Ruggie, "Territoriality and Beyond: Problematizing Modernity in International Relations," International Organization 47:1 (Winter 1993), p. 172.
15. Adapted from Zbigniew Brzezinski, "Living with China," National Interest 59 (Spring 2000), p. 21.
16. Wang Hongying, "Multilateralism in Chinese Foreign Policy," in China's International Relations in the 21st Century: Dynamics of Paradigm Shifts, Richard Hu, Gerald Chan, and Zha Daojing, eds. (Lanham, Md.: University Press of America, 2000), p. 74.
17. Samuel Kim, "Thinking Globally in Post-Mao China," Journal of Peace Research 27:2, special issue on the Challenge of Global Policy (May 1990), p. 198.
18. This conditionality does, of course, have its limits and has been confined mainly to Chinese corporate and environmental law. It should also be noted that the PRC implements international law by ratifying it as domestic law. Chinese adherence to relevant international law is thus ensured.
19. See Margaret M. Pearson, "China and Major Economic Institutions," in Engaging China: The Management of an Emerging Power, Alastair I. Johnston and Robert S. Ross, eds. (London: Routledge, 1999), p. 220.
20. Richard H. Holton and Xia Yuan Lin, "China and the World Trade Organization: Can the Assimilation Problems Be Overcome?" Asian Survey 38:8 (August 1998), p. 746.
21. William Feeney, "China and the Multilateral Economic Institutions" in China and the World. Chinese Foreign Policy Faces the New Millennium, 4th ed., Samuel Kim, ed. (Boulder, Colo.: Westview Press, 1998), p. 259.
22. Pearson, "China and Major Economic Institutions," p. 228.
23. Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Message from the Foreign Minister, , accessed July 2003.
24. Renmin Ribao (People's Daily), January 10, 1965, and July 8, 1967, respectively.
25. Broadcast on Beijing International Service, October 24, 1985; quoted in Yitzhak Shichor, "China and the Role of the United Nations in the Middle East: Revised Policy," Asian Survey 31:3 (March 1991), p. 263.
26. From a speech to the U.N. General Assembly, October 1, 1992, quoted in Roy, "China's Foreign Relations," p. 147.
27. The "Bangkok Declaration" of 1993, signed by the PRC, among other states, provides an outstanding example of this. While the declaration affirmed qualified support for universal human rights, it also argued that the context for them should consider the significance of national and regional particularities and various historical, cultural, and religious backgrounds. The declaration was seen as a riposte to the dominance of Western conceptions of human rights.
28. Kim, "Thinking Globally in Post-Mao China," p. 200.
29. David Denoon and Wendy Frieman, "China's Security Strategy: The View from Beijing, ASEAN, and Washington," Asian Survey 36:4 (April 1996 , p. 423.
30. From the Nuclear Threat Initiative, .
31. See .
32. Qimao Chen, "New Approaches in China's Foreign Policy: The Post-Cold War Era," Asian Survey 33:3 (March 1993), p. 243
33. and M. Taylor Fravel, "China's Attitude toward U.N. Peace-keeping Operations since 1989," ibid., 36:11 (November 1996), p. 1110.
34. Peace Resource Center, United Nations Security Council Resolution 794, , accessed July 2003.
35. Ambassador Li Zhaoxing, quoted in Fravel, "China's Attitude," p. 1113.
36. Feigenbaum, "China's Challenge to Pax Americana," p. 34.
37. Nicholas Wheeler and Tim Dunne, "East Timor and the New Humanitarian Interventionism," International Affairs 77:4 (October 2001), p. 818.
38. Richard Caplan, A New Trusteeship? The International Administration of War-torn Territories (London: Oxford University Press/International Institute of Strategic Studies, 2002), Adelphi Paper, no. 341, p. 16
39. and James Traub, "Inventing East Timor," Foreign Affairs 79:4 (July/ August 2000), p. 74.
40. Seymour, "Human Rights in Chinese Foreign Relations," p. 218.
41. Tow, "Seeking Convergent Security," p. 33.
42. Wang, "Multilateralism in Chinese Foreign Policy," p. 78.
43. Michael Yahuda, "How Much Has China Learned about Interdependence?" in Nationalism and Interdependence, David Goodman and Gerald Segal, eds. (London: Routledge, 1997), p. 14
44. and Kim, "China and the United Nations," pp. 80-81.
45. See, for example, Arthur Waldron, "Deterring China," Commentary 100:4 (October 1995), pp. 17-21
46. Ross Munro, "Awakening Dragon: The Real Danger in Asia Is from China," Policy Review 62 (Fall 1992), pp. 10-16
47. and Aaron Friedberg, "Controversy: Facing China," Commentary 111:2 (February 2001), pp. 16-21.