Infectious mononucleosis and Epstein-Barr virus

Expert Reviews in Molecular Medicine

Volumn 6, Issue 23, 2004, Pages

  Vetsika, Eleni Kyriaki ^a   Callan, Margaret ^a  

^a CHELSEA AND WESTMINSTER HOSPITAL   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

CD4+ T lymphocyte; CD8+ T lymphocyte; EBV; Epstein Barr virus; Human herpes virus; Infectious mononucleosis; Vaccine

Indexed keywords

ACICLOVIR; GLYCOPROTEIN; STEROID; VIRUS VACCINE;

ADOLESCENCE; B LYMPHOCYTE; CHILDHOOD; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; DRUG DESIGN; EPSTEIN BARR VIRUS; FEVER; HERPES VIRUS; HUMAN; IMMUNE RESPONSE; INFECTIOUS MONONUCLEOSIS; LYMPHADENOPATHY; LYMPHOMA; MALAISE; NONHUMAN; OROPHARYNX; PHARYNGITIS; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; SALIVA; VIRUS INFECTION; VIRUS REPLICATION; VIRUS TRANSMISSION; ADOLESCENT; ADULT; CELL TRANSFORMATION; CHILD; FEMALE; IMMUNOLOGY; INFANT; MALE; PATHOGENICITY; PHYSIOLOGY; PRESCHOOL CHILD; T LYMPHOCYTE SUBPOPULATION; VIROLOGY; VIRUS ACTIVATION; VIRUS CELL TRANSFORMATION; VIRUS LATENCY;

HERPESVIRIDAE; HUMAN HERPESVIRUS 4; SIMPLEXVIRUS;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; B-LYMPHOCYTES; CELL TRANSFORMATION, NEOPLASTIC; CELL TRANSFORMATION, VIRAL; CHILD; CHILD, PRESCHOOL; EPSTEIN-BARR VIRUS INFECTIONS; FEMALE; HERPESVIRUS 4, HUMAN; HUMANS; INFANT; INFECTIOUS MONONUCLEOSIS; MALE; T-LYMPHOCYTE SUBSETS; VIRAL VACCINES; VIRUS ACTIVATION; VIRUS LATENCY;

EID: 31044441893     PISSN: 14623994     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1017/S1462399404008440     Document Type: Review

References (84)

1. Epstein, M.A., Achong, B.G. and Barr, Y.M. (1964) Virus Particles in Cultured Lymphoblasts from Burkitt's Lymphoma. Lancet 15, 702-703,
2. Henle, G., Henle, W. and Diehl, V. (1968) Relation of Burkitt's tumor-associated herpes-ytpe virus to infectious mononucleosis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 59, 94-101,
3. Niederman, J.C. et al. (1968) Infectious mononucleosis. J Am Med Assoc 203, 139-143
4. Henle, G., Henle, W. and Horwitz, C.A. (1974) Antibodies to Epstein-Barr virus associated nuclear antigen in infectious mononucleosis. J Inf Dis 130, 231-239
5. Henle, G. et al. (1969) Antibodies to Epstein-Barr virus in Burkitt's lymphoma and control groups. J Natl Cancer Inst 43, 1147-1157,
6. Fleisher, G. et al. (1979) Primary infection with Epstein-Barr virus in infants in the United States: clinical and serologic observations. J Infect Dis 139, 553-558,
7. Fleisher, G.R. et al. (1981) Intrafamilial transmission of Epstein-Barr virus infections. J Pediatr 98, 16-19,
8. Hallee, T.J. et al. (1974) Infectious mononucleosis at the United States Military Academy. A prospective study of a single class over four years. Yale J Biol Med 47, 182-195,
9. Sawyer, R.N. et al. (1971) Prospective studies of a group of Yale University freshmen. I. Occurrence of infectious mononucleosis. J Infect Dis 123, 263-270,
10. Lopes, V., Young, L.S. and Murray, P.G. (2003) Epstein-Barr virus-associated cancers: aetiology and treatment. Herpes 10, 78-82,
11. Thorley-Lawson, D.A. and Gross, A. (2004) Persistence of the Epstein-Barr virus and the origins of associated lymphomas. N Engl J Med 350, 1328-1337,
12. Hopwood, P. and Crawford, D.H. (2000) The role of EBV in post-transplant malignancies: a review. J Clin Pathol 53, 248-254,
13. Baer, R. et al. (1984) DNA sequence and expression of the B95-8 Epstein-Barr virus genome. Nature 310, 207-211,
14. Kieff, E. and Rickinson, A.B. (2001) Epstein-Barr virus and its replication. In Virology (Knipe, D.M. and Howley, P.M., eds), pp. 2511-2574, Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, New York
15. Murray, P.G. and Young, L.S. (2001) Epstein-Barr virus infection: basis of malignancy and potential for therapy. Expert Rev Mol Med 2001, 1-20,
16. Hammerschmidt, W. and Sugden, B. (1989) Genetic analysis of immortalizing functions of Epstein-Barr virus in human B lymphocytes. Nature 340, 393-397,
17. Hickabottom, M. et al. (2002) Two nonconsensus sites in the Epstein-Barr virus oncoprotein EBNA3A cooperate to bind the co-repressor carboxyl-terminal-binding protein (CtBP). J Biol Chem 277, 47197-47204,
18. Parker, G.A. et al. (1996) Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen (EBNA)3C is an immortalizing oncoprotein with similar properties to adenovirus E1A and papillomavirus E7. Oncogene 13, 2541-2549,
19. Young, L. et al. (1989) Expression of Epstein-Barr virus transformation-associated genes in tissues of patients with EBV lymphoproliferative disease. N Engl J Med 321, 1080-1085,
20. Babcock, G.J. et al. (1998) EBV persistence in memory B cells in vivo. Immunity 9, 395-404,
21. Joseph, A.M., Babcock, G.J. and Thorley-Lawson, D.A. (2000) Cells expressing the Epstein-Barr virus growth program are present in and restricted to the naive B-cell subset of healthy tonsils. J Virol 74, 9964-9971,
22. Babcock, G.J. and Thorley-Lawson, D.A. (2000) Tonsillar memory B cells, latently infected with Epstein-Barr virus, express the restricted pattern of latent genes previously found only in Epstein-Barr virus-associated tumors. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 97, 12250-12255,
23. Babcock, G.J., Hochberg, D. and Thorley-Lawson, A.D. (2000) The expression pattern of Epstein-Barr virus latent genes in vivo is dependent upon the differentiation stage of the infected B cell. Immunity 13, 497-506,
24. Thorley-Lawson, D.A. (2001) Epstein-Barr virus: exploiting the immune system. Nat Rev Immunol 1, 75-82,
25. Niedobitek, G. et al. (2000) Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in infectious mononucleosis: detection of the virus in tonsillar B lymphocytes but not in desquamated oropharyngeal epithelial cells. Mol Pathol 53, 37-42,
26. Anagnostopoulos, I. et al. (1995) Morphology, immunophenotype, and distribution of latently and/or productively Epstein-Barr virus-infected cells in acute infectious mononucleosis: implications for the interindividual infection route of Epstein-Barr virus. Blood 85, 744-750,
27. Izumi, K.M. and Kieff, E.D. (1997) The Epstein-Barr virus oncogene product latent membrane protein 1 engages the tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated death domain protein to mediate B lymphocyte growth transformation and activate NF-kappaB. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 94, 12592-12597,
28. Gires, O. et al. (1997) Latent membrane protein 1 of Epstein-Barr virus mimics a constitutively active receptor molecule. Embo J 16, 6131-6140,
29. Uchida, J. et al. (1999) Mimicry of CD40 signals by Epstein-Barr virus LMP1 in B lymphocyte responses. Science 286, 300-303,
30. Caldwell, R.G. et al. (1908) Epstein-Barr virus LMP2A drives B cell development and survival in the absence of normal B cell receptor signals. Immunity 9, 405-411,
31. Hochberg, D. et al. (2004) Demonstration of the Burkitt's lymphoma Epstein-Barr virus phenotype in dividing latently infected memory cells in vivo. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 101, 239-244,
32. Kurth, J. et al. (2000) EBV-infected B cells in infectious mononucleosis: viral strategies for spreading in the B cell compartment and establishing latency. Immunity 13, 485-495,
33. Kurth, J. et al. (2003) Epstein-Barr virus-infected B cells expanding in germinal centers of infectious mononucleosis patients do not participate in the germinal center reaction. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 100, 4730-4735,
34. Kuppers, R. (2003) B cells under influence: transformation of B cells by Epstein-Barr virus. Nat Rev Immunol 3, 801-812,
35. Crawford, D.H. et al. (1978) Epstein-Barr (EB) virus genome-containing, EB nuclear antigen-negative B-lymphocyte populations in blood in acute infectious mononucleosis. J Gen Virol 38, 449-460,
36. Robinson, J., Smith, D. and Niederman, J. (1980) Mitotic EBNA-positive lymphocytes in peripheral blood during infectious mononucleosis. Nature 287, 334-335,
37. Tierney, R.J. et al. (1994) Epstein-Barr virus latency in blood mononuclear cells: analysis of viral gene transcription during primary infection and in the carrier state. J Virol 68, 7374-7385,
38. Prang, N.S. et al. (1997) Lytic replication of Epstein-Barr virus in the peripheral blood: analysis of viral gene expression in B lymphocytes during infectious mononucleosis and in the normal carrier state. Blood 89, 1665-1677,
39. Hochberg, D. et al. (2004) Acute infection with Epstein-Barr virus targets and overwhelms the peripheral memory B-cell compartment with resting, latently infected cells. J Virol 78, 5194-5204,
40. Parolini, S. et al. (2000) X-linked lymphoproliferative disease. 2B4 molecules displaying inhibitory rather than activating function are responsible for the inability of natural killer cells to kill Epstein-Barr virus-infected cells. J Exp Med 192, 337-346,
41. Sayos, J. et al. (1998) The X-linked lymphoproliferative-disease gene product SAP regulates signals induced through the co-receptor SLAM. Nature 395, 462-469,
42. Benoit, L. et al. (2000) Defective NK cell activation in X-linked lymphoproliferative disease. J Immunol 165, 3549-3553,
43. Nakajima, H. et al. (2000) Patients with X-linked lymphoproliferative disease have a defect in 2B4 receptor-mediated NK cell cytotoxicity. Eur J Immunol 30, 3309-3318,
44. Sharifi, R. et al. (2004) SAP mediates specific cytotoxic T-cell functions in X-linked lymphoproliferative disease. Blood 103, 3821-3827,
45. Garzelli, C. et al. (1984) Epstein-Barr virus-transformed lymphocytes produce monoclonal autoantibodies that react with antigens in multiple organs. J Virol 52, 722-725,
46. Soots, M.L. (1969) Specificity of the Paul-Bunnell test. Br Med J 3, 415,
47. Callan, M.F. et al. (1996) Large clonal expansions of CD8+ T cells in acute infectious mononucleosis. Nat Med 2, 906-911,
48. Maini, M.K. et al. (2000) Clonal expansions in acute EBV infection are detectable in the CD8 and not the CD4 subset and persist with a variable CD45 phenotype. J Immunol 165, 5729-5737,
49. Posnett, D.N. et al. (1994) Clonal populations of T cells in normal elderly humans: the T cell equivalent to "benign monoclonal gammapathy". J. Exp Med 179, 609-618,
50. Steven, N.M. et al. (1996) Epitope focusing in the primary cytotoxic T cell response to Epstein-Barr virus and its relationship to T cell memory. J Exp Med 184, 1801-1813,
51. Altman, J.D. et al. (1996) Phenotypic analysis of antigen-specific T lymphocytes. Science 274, 94-96,
52. Tan, L.C. et al. (1999) A re-evaluation of the frequency of CD8+ T cells specific for EBV in healthy virus carriers. J Immunol 162, 1827-1835,
53. Bogedain, C. et al. (1995) Specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes recognize the immediate-early transactivator Zta of Epstein-Barr virus. J Virol 69, 4872-4879,
54. Callan, M.F. et al. (1998) Direct visualization of antigen-specific CD8+ T cells during the primary immune response to Epstein-Barr virus In vivo. J Exp Med 187, 1395-1402,
55. Hislop, A.D. et al. (2002) Epitope-specific evolution of human CD8(+) T cell responses from primary to persistent phases of Epstein-Barr virus infection. J Exp Med 195, 893-905,
56. Macallan, D.C. et al. (2003) Rapid turnover of T cells in acute infectious mononucleosis. Eur J Immunol 33, 2655-2665,
57. Soares, M.V. et al. (2004) Integration of apoptosis and telomere erosion in virus-specific CD8+ T cells from blood and tonsils during primary infection. Blood 103, 162-167,
58. Catalina, M.D. et al. (2001) Differential evolution and stability of epitope-specific CD8(+) T cell responses in EBV infection. J Immunol 167, 4450-4457,
59. Callan, M.F. et al. (2000) CD8(+) T-cell selection, function, and death in the primary immune response in vivo. J Clin Invest 106, 1251-1261,
60. Hoshino, Y. et al. (1999) Antigen-driven expansion and contraction of CD8+-activated T cells in primary EBV infection. J Immunol 163, 5735-5740,
61. Hislop, A.D. et al. (2001) EBV-specific CD8+ T cell memory: relationships between epitope specificity, cell phenotype, and immediate effector function. J Immunol 167, 2019-2029,
62. Amyes, E. et al. (2003) Characterization of the CD4+ T cell response to Epstein-Barr virus during primary and persistent infection. J Exp Med 198, 903-911,
63. Precopio, M.L. et al. (2003) Differential kinetics and specificity of EBV-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells during primary infection. J Immunol 170, 2590-2598,
64. Khanna, R. et al. (1997) Class I processing-defective Burkitt's lymphoma cells are recognized efficiently by CD4+ EBV-specific CTLs. J Immunol 158, 3619-3625,
65. Munz, C. et al. (2000) Human CD4(+) T lymphocytes consistently respond to the latent Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen EBNA1. J Exp Med 191, 1649-1660,
66. Paludan, C. et al. (2002) Epstein-Barr nuclear antigen 1-specific CD4(+) Th1 cells kill Burkitt's lymphoma cells. J Immunol 169, 1593-1603,
67. Nikiforow, S. et al. (2003) Cytolytic CD4(+)-T-cell clones reactive to EBNA1 inhibit Epstein-Barr virus-induced B-cell proliferation. J Virol 77, 12088-12104,
68. Landais, E. et al. (2004) Direct killing of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-infected B cells by CD4 T cells directed against the EBV lytic protein BHRF1. Blood 103, 1408-1416,
69. Schooley, R.T. (2000) Epstein-Barr virus (infectious mononucleosis). In Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases (5th edn) (Mandell, G.L., Bennett, J.E. and Doline, R., eds), pp. 1599-1613, Churchill Livingstone, Philadelphia, USA
70. Andersson, J. et al. (1986) Effect of acyclovir on infectious mononucleosis: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study. J Infect Dis 153, 283-290,
71. McGowan, J.E., Jr. et al. (1992) Guidelines for the use of systemic glucocorticosteroids in the management of selected infections. Working Group on Steroid Use, Antimicrobial Agents Committee, Infectious Diseases Society of America. J Infect Dis 165, 1-13,
72. Kaminska, T. et al. (1996) Interferon and tumor necrosis factor production by peripheral blood leukocytes of patients with infectious mononucleosis. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 44, 353-357,
73. Wright-Browne, V. et al. (1998) Serum cytokine levels in infectious mononucleosis at diagnosis and convalescence. Leuk Lymphoma 30, 583-589,
74. Silins, S.L. et al. (2001) Asymptomatic primary Epstein-Barr virus infection occurs in the absence of blood T-cell repertoire perturbations despite high levels of systemic viral load. Blood 98, 3739-3744,
75. Brehm, M.A., Selin, L.K. and Welsh, R.M. (2004) CD8 T cell responses to viral infections in sequence. Cell Microbiol 6, 411-421,
76. Straus, S.E. (1988) The chronic mononucleosis syndrome. J Infect Dis 157, 405-412,
77. Kimura, H. et al. (2001) Clinical and virologic characteristics of chronic active Epstein-Barr virus infection. Blood 98, 280-286,
78. Haque, T. et al. (1996) Transmission of donor Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in transplanted organs causes lymphoproliferative disease in EBV-seronegative recipients. J Gen Virol 77 (Pt 6), 1169-1172,
79. Ho, M. et al. (1985) Epstein-Barr virus infections and DNA hybridization studies in posttransplantation lymphoma and lymphoproliferative lesions: the role of primary infection. J Infect Dis 152, 876-886,
80. Thorley-Lawson, D.A. and Poodry, C.A. (1982) Identification and isolation of the main component (gp350-gp220) of Epstein-Barr virus responsible for generating neutralizing antibodies in vivo. J Virol 43, 730-736,
81. Jackman, W.T. et al. (1999) Expression of Epstein-Barr virus gp350 as a single chain glycoprotein for an EBV subunit vaccine. Vaccine 17, 660-668,
82. Jung, S. et al. (2001) DNA-mediated immunization of glycoprotein 350 of Epstein-Barr virus induces the effective humoral and cellular immune responses against the antigen. Mol Cells 12, 41-49,
83. Khanna, R., Sherritt, M. and Burrows, S.R. (1999) EBV structural antigens, gp350 and gp85, as targets for ex vivo virus-specific CTL during acute infectious mononucleosis: potential use of gp350/gp85 CTL epitopes for vaccine design. J Immunol 162, 3063-3069,
84. Wallace, L.E. et al. (1991) Identification of two T-cell epitopes on the candidate Epstein-Barr virus vaccine glycoprotein gp340 recognized by CD4+ T-cell clones. J Virol 65, 3821-3828,