Majority logic gate for magnetic quantum-dot cellular automata

Science

Volumn 311, Issue 5758, 2006, Pages 205-208

  Imre, A ^a   Csaba, G ^b   Ji, L ^a   Orlov, A ^a   Bernstein, G H ^a   Porod, W ^a  

^a University of Notre Dame   (United States)

^b TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY OF MUNICH   (Germany)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AUTOMATA THEORY; COMPUTATION THEORY; MAGNETS; NANOSTRUCTURED MATERIALS; SEMICONDUCTOR QUANTUM DOTS; THERMAL EFFECTS;

DIGITAL COMPUTATION; INTEGRATION DENSITY; MAGNETIC QUANTUM-DOT CELLULAR AUTOMATA (MQCA); POWER DISSIPATION;

LOGIC GATES;

FERROMAGNETIC MATERIAL; QUANTUM DOT;

SCIENCE IN GENERAL;

ARTICLE; ATOMIC FORCE MICROSCOPY; CALCULATION; DENSITY; ELECTRON BEAM; INFORMATION PROCESSING; INFORMATION STORAGE; LOGIC; MAGNET; MAGNETIC FIELD; MAGNETIC QUANTUM DOT CELLULAR AUTOMATA SYSTEM; MAGNETISM; NANOTECHNOLOGY; PHYSICS; PRIORITY JOURNAL; ROOM TEMPERATURE;

EID: 30844442443     PISSN: 00368075     EISSN: 10959203     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1126/science.1120506     Document Type: Article

References (31)

1. A. Ney, C. Pampuch, R. Koch, K. H. Ploog, Nature 425, 485 (2003).
2. R. P. Cowburn, M. E. Welland, Science 287, 1466 (2000).
3. D. A. Allwood et al., Science 296, 2003 (2002).
4. D. A. Allwood et al., Science 309, 1688 (2005).
5. G. Csaba, A. Imre, G. H. Bernstein, W. Porod, V. Metlushko, IEEE Trans. Nanotechnol. 1, 209 (2002).
6. C. S. Lent, P. D. Tougaw, W. Porod, G. H. Bernstein, Nanotechnology 4, 49 (1993).
7. A. I. Csurgay, W. Porod, C. S. Lent, IEEE Trans. Circ. Syst. I 47, 1212 (2000).
8. G. Csaba, A. I. Csurgay, W. Porod, Int. J. Circ. Theory Appl. 29, 73 (2001).
9. G. Csaba, W. Porod, A. I. Csurgay, Int. J. Circ. Theory Appl. 31, 67 (2003).
10. A. O. Orlov, I. Amlani, G. H. Bernstein, C. S. Lent, G. L. Snider, Science 277, 928 (1997).
11. I. Amlani et al., Science 284, 289 (1999).
12. R. K. Kummamuru et al., IEEE Trans. Electron Devices 50, 1906 (2003).
13. A. O. Ortov et al., Mesoscopic Tunneling Devices, H. Nakashima, Ed. (Research Signpost, Trivandrum, Kerala, India, 2004), p. 125.
14. G. L. Snider et al., J. Appl. Phys. 85, 4283 (1999).
15. C. S. Lent, Science 288, 1597 (2000).
16. G. Csaba, W. Porod, J. Comput. Electron. 1, 87 (2002).
17. M. C. B. Parish, M. Forshaw, Appl. Phys. Lett. 83, 2046 (2003).
18. S. A. Haque, M. Yamamoto, R. Nakatani, Y. Endo, J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 282, 380 (2004).
19. The micromagnetic simulations were performed using the Object Oriented Micromagnetic Framework (M. J. Donahue, D. G. Porter, OOMMF User's Guide, Version 1.0 Interagency Report NISTIR 6376, http://math.nist.gov/oommf/) of the National Institute of Standards and Technology.
20. The magnetizing process, i.e., the application of the clock-field, was performed in the homogeneous field of an electromagnet capable of a maximum 7000 Oe. Owing to limitations imposed by the ramping rate of the generated field, the frequency of the clock-field was about 0.01 Hz in our experiments.
21. Magnetic force microscopy images were taken in a Digital Instruments Nanoscope IV with standard magnetic probes.
22. Antiferromagnetic ordering was investigated in a large set of AFC lines designed to be identical. In a small percentage of results, we have found the ordering to fail even in the simplest, two-magnet systems. The identified faulty pairs performed highly repeatably, which indicates that the errors are related to fabrication variations (30).
23. Th. Gerrits, H. A. M. van den Berg, J. Hohlfeld, L. Bar, Th. Rasing, Nature 418, 509 (2002).
24. G. Csaba, thesis, University of Notre Dame, IN (2003).
25. A. Imre, G. Csaba, G. H. Bernstein, W. Porod, V. Metlushko, Proc. IEEE Nanotechnol. 2, 20 (2003).
26. A. Imre, G. Csaba, G. H. Bernstein, W. Porod, V. Metlushko, Superlatt. Microstruct. 34, 513 (2003).
27. J. Timler, C. S. Lent, J. Appl. Phys. 91, 823 (2002).
28. C. A. Ross, Annu. Rev. Mater. Res. 31, 203 (2001).
29. J. M. Slaughter et al., J. Supercan. 15, 19 (2002).
30. G. H. Bernstein et al., Microelectr. J. 36, 619 (2005).
31. This work was supported in part by grants from the Office of Naval Research, the W. M. Keck Foundation, and the National Science Foundation.