Latitudinal variation of Saturn photochemistry deduced from spatially-resolved ultraviolet spectra

Icarus

Volumn 180, Issue 2, 2006, Pages 379-392

  Prangé, Renée ^a,b   Fouchet, Thierry ^a,c   Courtin, Régis ^a   Connerney, J E P ^d   McConnell, John C ^e  

^a OBSERVATOIRE DE PARIS   (France)

^b UNIVERSITÉ PARIS SUD   (France)

^c UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD   (United Kingdom)

^d NASA GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CENTER   (United States)

^e YORK UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

Author keywords

Atmospheres, composition; Photochemistry; Saturn, atmosphere; Ultraviolet observations

Indexed keywords

EID: 30744434685     PISSN: 00191035     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.icarus.2005.11.005     Document Type: Article

References (74)

1. 2 by electron impacts: The Werner and Lyman band systems Phys. Rev. A 25 1982 2485-2495
2. G.P. Anderson L.A. Hall Solar irradiance between 2000 and 3100 Angstrom with spectral band pass of 1.0 Angstrom J. Geophys. Res. 94 1989 6435-6441
3. Y. Bénilan D. Andrieux P. Bruston Mid-UV acetylene cross sections revisited: Sample contamination risk in source data Geophys. Res. Lett. 22 1995 897-900
4. L. Ben Jaffel V. Leers B.R. Sandel Dark auroral oval on Saturn discovered in Hubble Space Telescope ultraviolet images Science 269 1995 951-953
5. 3) on Saturn Astron. Astrophys. 334 1998 L41-L44
6. B. Bézard P. Drossart T. Encrenaz H. Feuchtgruber Benzene on giant planets Icarus 154 2001 495-500
7. 4) on Jupiter and Saturn in non-auroral regions Bull. Am. Astron. Soc. 33 2001 1079-1080
8. Blair, W.P., Davidsen, A.F., Uomoto, A., 1989. Scattered red light in the FOS. FOS Instrument Science Report #58
9. A.L. Broadfoot B.R. Sandel D.E. Shemansky J.B. Holberg G.R. Smith D.F. Strobel J.C. McConnell S. Kumar D.M. Hunten S.K. Atreya T.M. Donahue H.W. Moos J.-L. Bertaux J.E. Blamont R.B. Pomphrey S. Linick Extreme ultraviolet observations from Voyager 1 encounter with Saturn Science 212 1981 206-211
10. 4, with application to Saturn's atmosphere J. Geophys. Res. 96 1991 17519-17527
11. 6 (methyl ethylene) Bull. Am. Astron. Soc. 35 2003 1601
12. J.E.P. Connerney Magnetic connection for Saturn's rings and atmosphere Geophys. Res. Lett. 13 1986 773-776
13. J.E.P. Connerney J.H. Waite New model of Saturn's ionosphere with an influx of water from the rings Nature 312 1984 136-138
14. J.E.P. Connerney N.F. Ness M.H. Acuna Zonal harmonic model of Saturn's magnetic field from Voyager 1 and 2 observations Nature 298 1982 44-46
15. B.J. Conrath D. Gautier Saturn helium abundance: A reanalysis of Voyager measurements Icarus 144 2000 124-134
16. 4, and the saturnian D/H isotopic ratio Astrophys. J. 287 1984 899-916
17. R. Courtin D. Gautier D. Strobel The CO abundance on Neptune from HST observations Icarus 123 1996 37-55
18. A. Coustenis A. Salama E. Lellouch Th. Encrenaz G.L. Boraker R.E. Samuelson Th. de Graauw H. Feuchtgruber M.F. Kessler Evidence for water vapor in Titan's atmosphere from ISO/SWS data Astron. Astrophys. 336 1998 L85-L89
19. 2O Astron. Astrophys. 321 1997 L13-L16
20. P. Drossart B. Bézard S.K. Atreya J. Bishop J.H. Waite Jr. D. Boice Thermal profiles in the auroral regions of Jupiter J. Geophys. Res. 98 1993 18803-18811
21. A. Fahr A. Nayak Temperature dependent ultraviolet absorption cross sections of propylene, methylacetylene and vinylacetylene Chem. Phys. 203 1996 351-358
22. H. Feuchtgruber E. Lellouch T. de Graauw B. Bézard T. Encrenaz M. Griffin External supply of oxygen to the atmospheres of the giant planets Nature 389 1997 159-162
23. A.J. Friedson R.A. West A.K. Hronek N.A. Larsen N. Dalal Transport and mixing in Jupiter's stratosphere inferred from Comet S-L9 dust migration Icarus 138 1999 141-156
24. J.C. Gérard V. Dols D. Grodent J.H. Waite G.R. Gladstone R. Prangé Simultaneous observations of the saturnian aurora and polar haze with the HST/FOC Geophys. Res. Lett. 22 1995 2685-2688
25. G.R. Gladstone Y.L. Yung An analysis of the reflection spectrum of Jupiter from 1500 Å to 1740 Å Astrophys. J. 266 1983 415-424
26. G.R. Gladstone M. Allen Y.L. Yung Hydrocarbon photochemistry in the upper atmosphere of Jupiter Icarus 119 1996 1-52
27. G.R. Gladstone T. Majeed J.I. Moses J.H. Waite Jr. M. Allen Y.L. Yung W.R. Pryor Jovian auroral chemistry Bull. Am. Astron. Soc. 32 2000 #12.05
28. S. Glicker H. Okabe Photochemistry of diacetylene J. Phys. Chem. 91 1987 437-440
29. Greathouse, T.K., Lacy, J.H., Bézard, B., Moses, J.I., Richter, M.J., Knez, C., 2005a. The first detection of propane on Saturn. Icarus. In press
30. 6 abundances in Saturn's stratosphere at southern summer solstice Icarus 177 2005 18-31
31. R. Hanel B. Conrath M. Flasar L. Herath V. Kunde P. Lowman W. Maguire J. Pearl J. Pirraglia R. Samuelson D. Gautier P. Gierasch L. Horn S. Kumar C. Ponnamperuma Infrared observations of the jovian system from Voyager 2 Science 206 1979 952-956
32. W.-H. Ip On plasma transport in the vicinity of the rings of Saturn: A siphon flow mechanism J. Geophys. Res. 88 1983 819-822
33. W.-H. Ip On the equatorial confinement of thermal plasma generated in the vicinity of the rings of Saturn J. Geophys. Res. 89 1984 395-398
34. M.L. Kaiser M.D. Desch J.E.P. Connerney Saturn's ionosphere: Inferred electron densities J. Geophys. Res. 89 1984 2371-2376
35. E. Karkoschka M.G. Tomasko Saturn's upper atmospheric hazes observed by the Hubble Space Telescope Icarus 106 1993 428-441
36. Karkoschka, E., Tomasko, M.G., 2005. Saturn's vertical and latitudinal cloud structure 1991-2004 from HST imaging in 30 filters. Icarus. In press
37. C.D. Keyes A.P. Koratkar M. Dahlem J. Hayes J. Christensen S. Martin Faint Object Spectrograph Handbook 1995 Space Telescope Science Institute Maryland
38. Y.H. Kim J.L. Fox The chemistry of hydrocarbon ions in the jovian ionosphere Icarus 112 1994 310-325
39. S.J. Kim J. Caldwell A.R. Rivolo R. Wagener G.S. Orton Infrared polar brightening on Jupiter Icarus 64 1985 233-248
40. V.G. Kunde F.M. Flasar D.E. Jennings B. Bézard D.F. Strobel B.J. Conrath C.A. Nixon G.L. Bjoraker P.N. Romani R.K. Achterberg A.A. Simon-Miller P. Irwin J.C. Brasunas J.C. Pearl M.D. Smith G.S. Orton P.J. Gierasch L.J. Spilker R.C. Carlson A.A. Mamoutkine S.B. Calcutt P.L. Read F.W. Taylor T. Fouchet P. Parrish A. Barucci R. Courtin A. Coustenis D. Gautier E. Lellouch A. Marten R. Prangé Y. Biraud C. Ferrari T.C. Owen M.M. Abbas R.E. Samuelson F. Raulin P. Ade C.J. Césarsky K.U. Grossman A. Coradini Jupiter's atmospheric composition from the Cassini thermal infrared spectroscopy experiment Science 305 2004 1582-1587
41. E. Lellouch B. Bézard J.I. Moses G.R. Davis P. Drossart H. Feuchtgruber E.A. Bergin R. Moreno T. Encrenaz The origin of water vapor and carbon dioxide in Jupiter's stratosphere Icarus 159 2002 112-131
42. G.F. Lindal D.N. Sweetnam V.R. Eshleman The atmosphere of Saturn: An analysis of the Voyager radio occultation measurements Astron. J. 90 1985 1136-1146
43. H.W. Moos J.T. Clarke Detection of acetylene in the saturnian atmosphere, using the IUE satellite Astrophys. J. 229 1979 L108-L109
44. J.I. Moses S.F. Bass The effects of external material on the chemistry and structure of Saturn's ionosphere J. Geophys. Res. 105 2000 7013-7052
45. J.I. Moses T.K. Greathouse Latitudinal and seasonal models of stratospheric photochemistry on Saturn: Comparison with infrared data from IRTF/TEXES J. Geophys. Res. 110 2005 10.1029/2005JE002450 E09007
46. J.I. Moses B. Bézard E. Lellouch G.R. Gladstone H. Feuchtgruber M. Allen Photochemistry of Saturn's atmosphere Icarus 143 2000 244-298
47. J.I. Moses E. Lellouch B. Bézard G.R. Gladstone H. Feuchtgruber M. Allen Photochemistry of Saturn's atmosphere Icarus 145 2000 166-202
48. J.I. Moses T. Fouchet B. Bézard G.R. Gladstone E. Lellouch H. Feuchtgruber Photochemistry and diffusion in Jupiter's stratosphere: Constraints from ISO observations and comparisons with other giant planets J. Geophys. Res. 110 2005 10.1029/2005JE002411 E08001
49. G.H. Mount H.W. Moos Photoabsorption cross sections of methane and ethane, 1380-1600 Å, at T = 295 K and T = 200 K Astrophys. J. 224 1978 35-38
50. T. Nakayama K. Watanabe Absorption and photionization coefficients of acetylene, propyne, and 1-butyne J. Chem. Phys. 40 1964 558-561
51. T.G. Northrop J.E.P. Connerney A micrometeorite erosion model and the age of Saturn's rings Icarus 70 1987 124-137
52. T.G. Northrop J.R. Hill Stability of negatively charged dust grains in Saturn's ring plane J. Geophys. Res. 87 1982 6045-6051
53. T.G. Northrop J.R. Hill The inner edge of Saturn's B ring J. Geophys. Res. 88 1983 6102-6108
54. H. Okabe Photochemistry of acetylene J. Chem. Phys. 75 1981 2772-2778
55. J.L. Ollivier M. Dobrijévic J.P. Parisot New photochemical model of Saturn's atmosphere Planet. Space Sci. 48 2000 699-716
56. W.R. Pryor C.W. Hord A study of photopolarimeter system UV absorption data on Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune: Implications for auroral haze formation Icarus 91 1991 161-172
57. A. Sanchez-Lavega J.M. Gomez J.F. Rojas J.R. Acarreta J. Lecacheux F. Colas R. Hueso J. Arregui Long-term evolution of Comet SL-9 impact features: July 1994-September 1996 Icarus 131 1998 341-357
58. R.G. Schmitt R.K. Brehm Double beam spectrophotometry in the far ultraviolet. 1. 1150-3600 Å Appl. Opt. 5 1966 1111-1116
59. D.E. Shemansky J.M. Ajello The Saturn spectrum in the EUV-Electron excited hydrogen J. Geophys. Res. 88 1983 459-464
60. 2 at mid ultraviolet wavelengths Planet. Space Sci. 46 1998 1215-1220
61. D.R. Soderblom A. Gonnella S.J. Hulbert C. Leitherer A. Schultz L.E. Shelbert Instrument Handbook for the Goddard High Resolution Spectrograph (GHRS) 1995 Space Telescope Science Institute Maryland
62. 4 between 1850 and 4000 Å J. Geophys. Res. 68 1963 6431-6436
63. A. Tokunaga R.F. Knacke T. Owen The detection of ethane on Saturn Astrophys. J. 197 1975 L77-L78
64. O.B. Toon C.P. McKay T.P. Ackerman K. Santhanam Rapid calculation of radiative heating rates and photodissociation rates in inhomogeneous multiple scattering atmospheres J. Geophys. Res. 94 1989 16287-16301
65. M.E. VanHoosier J.-D.F. Bartoe G.E. Brueckner D.K. Prinz Absolute solar spectral irradiance 120 nm-400 nm (results from the Solar Ultraviolet Spectral Irradiance Monitor-SUSIM-Experiment on board Spacelab 2) Astrophys. Lett. Commun. 27 1988 163-168
66. R. Wagener J. Caldwell Strong north/south asymmetry in the jovian stratosphere Icarus 74 1988 141-152
67. R. Wagener J. Caldwell T. Owen S.-J. Kim T. Encrenaz M. Combes The jovian stratosphere in the ultraviolet Icarus 63 1985 222-236
68. K. Watanabe M. Zelikoff Absorption coefficients of water vapor in the vacuum ultraviolet J. Opt. Soc. Am. 43 1953 753-755
69. R.A. West Particles in Jupiter's atmosphere from the impacts of Comet P/ Shoemaker-Levy 9 In: K.S. Noll H.A. Weaver P.D. Feldman (Eds.) The Collision of Comet Shoemaker-Levy 9 with Jupiter 1996 Cambridge Univ. Press Cambridge
70. R.A. West H. Hart C.W. Hord K.E. Simmons L.W. Esposito M. Sato D.L. Coffeen A.L. Lane R.B. Pomphrey Photometry and polarimetry of Saturn at 2640 and 7500 Å J. Geophys. Res. 88 1983 8679-8697
71. P. Winkelstein J. Caldwell S.J. Kim M. Combes G.E. Hunt V. Moore A determination of the composition of the saturnian stratosphere using the IUE Icarus 54 1983 309-318
72. 2 in the 1530-1930 Å region: A temperature dependent study J. Chem. Phys. 91 1989 272-280
73. 2 in the VUV-UV region J. Geophys. Res. 106 2001 7629-7636
74. R.V. Yelle C.A. Griffith L.A. Young Structure of the jovian stratosphere at the Galileo entry site Icarus 152 2001 331-346